RESUMO

A combination of tiletamine-zolazepam, medetomidine, and azaperone was used to immobilize captive Chacoan peccaries (Catagonus wagneri) for health assessments and biological sample collection at the Centro Chaqueño para la Conservación e Investigación (CCCI) in the Paraguayan Chaco during July in 2017 and 2018. In total, 83 peccaries kept in 0.25-1.50 hectare enclosures were immobilized via dart-administered anesthetic. Mean animal weight was 33.89±3.74 kg (standard deviation; n=77). The mean intramuscular (IM) anesthetic drug and dosages were 0.03±0.00 mg/kg of medetomidine, 0.91±0.10 mg/kg of Zoletil 50 (tiletamine-zolazepam), and 0.30±0.03 mg/kg azaperone. The mean time to recumbency after darting was 6.07±2.65 min. The mean time to reach the anesthetic plane postdarting was 10.00±2.00 min. Muscle relaxation was adequate to allow minor veterinary procedures. A mean dosage of 0.15±0.02 mg/kg of atipamezole was given IM to reverse the medetomidine. Recoveries were smooth and animals were standing by 59.17±30.18 min postreversal. Full recovery and release back to enclosures occurred 90±30 min postreversal. A single dose of this drug combination provided adequate anesthesia for 88% of adult Chacoan peccaries; 12% needed a supplemental dose of tiletamine-zolazepam because of failure to receive the full dose from the anesthetic dart. Sex and age did not impact the dosage required to achieve immobilization. Confinement during recovery from anesthesia is required with this protocol. Aside from mild hypoxemia, no adverse effects from anesthesia were observed. However, oxygen supplementation as a part of this protocol is recommended to support circulatory and respiratory capacity.

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Fifteen maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) were anesthetized a total of 43 times as part of a long-term ecology and health study in a remote region of northeastern Bolivia. We administered tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) to wolves in box traps or free-ranging, from blinds or on foot, at a mean dosage of 4.6 mg/kg intramuscularly. Detailed anesthetic information was recorded in 24 of these events in 11 wolves (six males, five females), and wolves were monitored closely post procedure with very high frequency or global positioning system telemetry collars. Anesthetic induction was smooth and rapid in all cases, with a mean 6.4 min from injection to recumbency. Vital parameters were stable during the majority of procedures. As expected with this drug combination, recovery was long (mean time to standing 163 min [range: 80-235 min]) but smooth, and animals were monitored in most cases in box traps until stable for release. One case of apnea and prolonged recovery is reported. In two cases, wolves recovered normally but were found to move minimally in the 2.5-4 d postprocedure before resuming normal movements. Overall, TZ provided safe, stable immobilization of free-ranging maned wolves in remote and extreme field conditions, although postanesthesia monitoring via telemetry is recommended.

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the sedative and some physiological effects of tiletamine-zolazepam following buccal administration (BA) in cats. METHODS: Seven healthy spayed European shorthair cats (three males, four females) were studied twice in this randomized, blinded, crossover study. Each cat received two doses of tiletamine-zolazepam by BA: the low-dose (LD) group consisted of 5 mg/kg of each drug, and the high-dose (HD) group consisted of 7.5 mg/kg of each. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and a sedation score were recorded prior to administration of each treatment. The same variables plus the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) were recorded at predefined intervals for the next 2 h. RESULTS: All cats completed the study. No retching or vomiting were observed. Hypersalivation was observed in 0/7 and 3/7 for LD and HD groups, respectively (P = 0.2). There were significant changes in scores over time for posture, response to clippers and response to manual restraint for both groups, without differences between groups. RR, HR and SAP changed significantly over time. SAP and RR were significantly lower for the HD than for the LD group. No values for hemoglobin saturation <95% were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: BA of tiletamine-zolazepam at the doses studied here is a simple and effective method for chemical restraint in cats, where the LD group had a lower impact on SAP and RR than the HD group.

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Dissociative anesthesia results in stressful and long recovery periods in monkeys and use of injectable anesthetics in medical research has to be refined. Propofol has promoted more pleasure wake up from anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of intravenous anesthetic propofol, establishing the required infusion rate to maintain surgical anesthetic level and comparing it to tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in Sapajus apella. Eight healthy capuchin monkeys, premedicated with midazolam and meperidine, were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Propofol was infused continually and rate was titrated to effect and tiletamine-zolazepam was given at 5mg/kg IV bolus initially and repeated at 2.5mg/kg IV bolus as required. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases, cortisol, lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined. Recovery quality was superior in PRO. Ventral recumbency (PRO = 43.0±21.4 vs TZ = 219.3±139.7 min) and normal ambulation (PRO = 93±27.1 vs TZ = 493.7±47.8 min) were faster in PRO (p<0.05). Cardiopulmonary effects did not have marked differences between groups. Median for induction doses of propofol was 5.9mg/kg, varying from 4.7 to 6.7mg/kg, Mean infusion rate was 0.37±0.11mg/kg/min, varying during the one-hour period. In TZ, two animals required three and five extra doses. Compared to tiletamine-zolazepam, minor post-anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia due to the faster and superior anesthetic recovery.(AU)

A anestesia dissociativa em primatas resulta em recuperação anestésica lenta e estressante, e, portanto, o uso de anestesia injetável em pesquisas médicas precisa ser refinado. Por outro lado, o propofol promove recuperação mais suave. Os objetivos desse estudo foram investigar o uso do anestésico intravenoso propofol, estabelecer a taxa de infusão contínua necessária para manter anestesia cirúrgica, e comparar tal técnica com a dissociativa tiletamina-zolazepam em Sapajus apella. Oito macacos-prego saudáveis foram pré-medicados com midazolam e meperidina, e posteriormente anestesiados com propofol (PRO) ou tiletamina-zolazepam (TZ) durante 60 minutos. O propofol foi administrado em infusão contínua, e a taxa foi titulada ao efeito, já a tiletamina-zolazepam foi administrada em 5mg/kg IV como bolus inicial, e repiques de 2,5mg/kg IV conforme necessário. Os parâmetros cardiopulmonares, hemogasometria arterial, cortisol, e lactato, além da qualidade e duração da recuperação anestésica foram determinados. A qualidade da recuperação anestésica foi superior em PRO. O tempo para atingir decúbito ventral (PRO = 43,0±21,4 vs TZ = 219,3±139,7 min) e ambulação normal (PRO = 93±27,1 vs TZ = 493,7±47,8 min) foram mais rápidos em PRO (p<0,05). As variáveis cardiopulmonares não diferiram entre os grupos. A mediana para dose de indução com propofol foi de 5,9mg/kg, variando de 4,7 a 6,7mg/kg. A taxa de infusão contínua média de propofol foi de 0,37±0,11mg/kg/min, variando ao longo dos 60 minutos. Em TZ, dois animais necessitaram de três e cinco repiques. Comparado à tiletamina-zolazepam, menos efeitos adversos pós-anestésicos devem ser esperados com o propofol, devido à recuperação mais suave e rápida.(AU)

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RESUMO

Dissociative anesthesia results in stressful and long recovery periods in monkeys and use of injectable anesthetics in medical research has to be refined. Propofol has promoted more pleasure wake up from anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of intravenous anesthetic propofol, establishing the required infusion rate to maintain surgical anesthetic level and comparing it to tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in Sapajus apella. Eight healthy capuchin monkeys, premedicated with midazolam and meperidine, were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Propofol was infused continually and rate was titrated to effect and tiletamine-zolazepam was given at 5mg/kg IV bolus initially and repeated at 2.5mg/kg IV bolus as required. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases, cortisol, lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined. Recovery quality was superior in PRO. Ventral recumbency (PRO = 43.0±21.4 vs TZ = 219.3±139.7 min) and normal ambulation (PRO = 93±27.1 vs TZ = 493.7±47.8 min) were faster in PRO (p<0.05). Cardiopulmonary effects did not have marked differences between groups. Median for induction doses of propofol was 5.9mg/kg, varying from 4.7 to 6.7mg/kg, Mean infusion rate was 0.37±0.11mg/kg/min, varying during the one-hour period. In TZ, two animals required three and five extra doses. Compared to tiletamine-zolazepam, minor post-anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia due to the faster and superior anesthetic recovery. (AU)

A anestesia dissociativa em primatas resulta em recuperação anestésica lenta e estressante, e, portanto, o uso de anestesia injetável em pesquisas médicas precisa ser refinado. Por outro lado, o propofol promove recuperação mais suave. Os objetivos desse estudo foram investigar o uso do anestésico intravenoso propofol, estabelecer a taxa de infusão contínua necessária para manter anestesia cirúrgica, e comparar tal técnica com a dissociativa tiletamina-zolazepam em Sapajus apella. Oito macacos-prego saudáveis foram pré-medicados com midazolam e meperidina, e posteriormente anestesiados com propofol (PRO) ou tiletamina-zolazepam (TZ) durante 60 minutos. O propofol foi administrado em infusão contínua, e a taxa foi titulada ao efeito, já a tiletamina-zolazepam foi administrada em 5mg/kg IV como bolus inicial, e repiques de 2,5mg/kg IV conforme necessário. Os parâmetros cardiopulmonares, hemogasometria arterial, cortisol, e lactato, além da qualidade e duração da recuperação anestésica foram determinados. A qualidade da recuperação anestésica foi superior em PRO. O tempo para atingir decúbito ventral (PRO = 43,0±21,4 vs TZ = 219,3±139,7 min) e ambulação normal (PRO = 93±27,1 vs TZ = 493,7±47,8 min) foram mais rápidos em PRO (p<0,05). As variáveis cardiopulmonares não diferiram entre os grupos. A mediana para dose de indução com propofol foi de 5,9mg/kg, variando de 4,7 a 6,7mg/kg. A taxa de infusão contínua média de propofol foi de 0,37±0,11mg/kg/min, variando ao longo dos 60 minutos. Em TZ, dois animais necessitaram de três e cinco repiques. Comparado à tiletamina-zolazepam, menos efeitos adversos pós-anestésicos devem ser esperados com o propofol, devido à recuperação mais suave e rápida.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and recovery from anesthesia promoted by the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination administered intravenously (IV) continuously in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. Eight cross-bred, clinically healthy bitches weighing 13.7 ±1.9kg on average were used in this study. After a food fast of 12 h and a water fast of four hours, the animals were treated with acepromazine (0.1mg/kg, intramuscular) and, after 15 minutes, anesthesia was induced with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) immediately followed by continuous IV infusion thereof at a dose of 2mg/kg/h for 60 min. The following parameters were measured in all animals immediately before administration of acepromazine (M15), immediately before anesthetic induction (M0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after initiation of continuous infusion (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, and M60): electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and arterial hemogasometry, with the last performed only at experimental times M15, M0, M30, and M60. A subcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to evaluate the degree of analgesia. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were also assessed, classifying these parameters as excellent, good, and poor. Anesthetic recovery time was recorded in minutes. HR increased significantly at time M10 in relation to that at M-15, and at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 in relation to that at M0. MAP decreased significantly at M20 and M30 compared with the baseline. BT decreased significantly at M50 compared with that at M0, but no hypothermia was observed. RR showed significant reduction at M5, M10, and M20 in relation to that at M-15, and at M5 and M10 in relation to that at M0, and bradypnoea was observed during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction...(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade e a recuperação da anestesia promovida pela associação tiletamina-zolazepam, administrada por via intravenosa (IV) contínua, em cadelas pré-medicadas com acepromazina. Foram utilizadas oito cadelas, sem raças definidas, clinicamente sadias, pesando em média 13,7±1,9kg. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas e hídrico de quatro horas, os animais foram medicados com acepromazina (0,1mg/kg, via intramuscular) e, após 15 minutos, a anestesia foi induzida com a associação tiletamina-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) seguida imediatamente pela infusão IV contínua da mesma, na dose de 2mg/kg/h, durante 60 minutos. Os parâmetros que foram mensurados em todos os animais, imediatamente antes da administração da acepromazina (M-15), imediatamente antes da indução anestésica (M0) e, aos 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos após o início da infusão contínua (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50 e M60) foram os seguintes: eletrocardiografia (ECG), frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência respiratória (f), temperatura corpórea (TC) e hemogasometria arterial, esta sendo realizada apenas nos momentos M-15, M0, M30 e M60. Para avaliação do grau de analgesia foi empregado um estimulador elétrico subcutâneo. Também se avaliou o miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica, classificando estes parâmetros em: excelente, bom e ruim. O tempo de recuperação anestésica foi registrado em minutos. A FC aumentou significativamente no momento M10 em relação ao M-15, e nos momentos M5, M10, M40 e M50 em relação ao M0. A PAM diminuiu significativamente em M20 e M30 em comparação ao valor basal. A TC diminuiu significativamente em M50 em comparação ao M0, mas não foi observada hipotermia. A f apresentou uma redução significativa nos momentos M5, M10 e M20 em relação ao M-15, e em M5 e M10 em relação ao M0, sendo observado bradipneia durante os primeiros 20 minutos após a indução anestésica...(AU)

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RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and recovery from anesthesia promoted by the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination administered intravenously (IV) continuously in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. Eight cross-bred, clinically healthy bitches weighing 13.7 ±1.9kg on average were used in this study. After a food fast of 12 h and a water fast of four hours, the animals were treated with acepromazine (0.1mg/kg, intramuscular) and, after 15 minutes, anesthesia was induced with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) immediately followed by continuous IV infusion thereof at a dose of 2mg/kg/h for 60 min. The following parameters were measured in all animals immediately before administration of acepromazine (M15), immediately before anesthetic induction (M0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after initiation of continuous infusion (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, and M60): electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and arterial hemogasometry, with the last performed only at experimental times M15, M0, M30, and M60. A subcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to evaluate the degree of analgesia. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were also assessed, classifying these parameters as excellent, good, and poor. Anesthetic recovery time was recorded in minutes. HR increased significantly at time M10 in relation to that at M-15, and at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 in relation to that at M0. MAP decreased significantly at M20 and M30 compared with the baseline. BT decreased significantly at M50 compared with that at M0, but no hypothermia was observed. RR showed significant reduction at M5, M10, and M20 in relation to that at M-15, and at M5 and M10 in relation to that at M0, and bradypnoea was observed during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction. Significant decreases in the PR interval at times M10, M40, and M50 were observed in relation to that at M15. Amplitude of the R wave showed significant decrease at M20 compared with that at M-15. In the other ECG parameters, no significant difference was observed between the times evaluated. Hemogasometric parameters and analgesia did not show significant alterations. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were considered excellent. Recovery time was 15.1±7.7 min for positioning of sternal decubitus and 45.5±23.1 minutes for return of ambulation. Continuous IV administration of TZ combination does not produce satisfactory analgesia and does not cause severe cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade e a recuperação da anestesia promovida pela associação tiletamina-zolazepam, administrada por via intravenosa (IV) contínua, em cadelas pré-medicadas com acepromazina. Foram utilizadas oito cadelas, sem raças definidas, clinicamente sadias, pesando em média 13,7±1,9kg. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas e hídrico de quatro horas, os animais foram medicados com acepromazina (0,1mg/kg, via intramuscular) e, após 15 minutos, a anestesia foi induzida com a associação tiletamina-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) seguida imediatamente pela infusão IV contínua da mesma, na dose de 2mg/kg/h, durante 60 minutos. Os parâmetros que foram mensurados em todos os animais, imediatamente antes da administração da acepromazina (M-15), imediatamente antes da indução anestésica (M0) e, aos 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos após o início da infusão contínua (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50 e M60) foram os seguintes: eletrocardiografia (ECG), frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência respiratória (f), temperatura corpórea (TC) e hemogasometria arterial, esta sendo realizada apenas nos momentos M-15, M0, M30 e M60. Para avaliação do grau de analgesia foi empregado um estimulador elétrico subcutâneo. Também se avaliou o miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica, classificando estes parâmetros em: excelente, bom e ruim. O tempo de recuperação anestésica foi registrado em minutos. A FC aumentou significativamente no momento M10 em relação ao M-15, e nos momentos M5, M10, M40 e M50 em relação ao M0. A PAM diminuiu significativamente em M20 e M30 em comparação ao valor basal. A TC diminuiu significativamente em M50 em comparação ao M0, mas não foi observada hipotermia. A f apresentou uma redução significativa nos momentos M5, M10 e M20 em relação ao M-15, e em M5 e M10 em relação ao M0, sendo observado bradipneia durante os primeiros 20 minutos após a indução anestésica. Foram observadas diminuições significativas do intervalo PR nos momentos M10, M40 e M50, em relação ao M-15. A amplitude da onda R apresentou diminuição significativa em M20 em comparação ao M-15. Nos demais parâmetros da ECG não houve diferença significativa entre os momentos avaliados. Os parâmetros hemogasométricos e a analgesia não apresentaram alterações significativas. O miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica foram considerados excelentes. O período de recuperação foi de 15,1±7,7 minutos para posicionamento do decúbito esternal e 45,5±23,1 minutos para retorno da deambulação. A administração intravenosa contínua de tiletamina-zolazepam não produz analgesia satisfatória e não causa efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos severos, em cadelas pré-tratadas com acepromazina.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hyaluronidase on uptake, duration and speed of elimination of xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam administered in the subcutaneous fat over the dorsal lumbar region of swine. STUDY DESIGN: Blinded, randomized, crossover study. ANIMALS: Six healthy Landrace/Large White pigs weighing 132±24 kg (mean±standard deviation). METHODS: Animals were administered xylazine (1 mg kg-1) and tiletamine-zolazepam (8 mg kg-1) (control treatment, CON), or xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam at the same doses with hyaluronidase (400 IU) (treatment HYA). The treatments were administered into the dorsal lumbar adipose tissue, 2.5-3.0 cm laterally from the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. The latency, anesthesia and recovery periods were measured. Heart rate, noninvasive systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperature were recorded every 10 minutes for up to 50 minutes. RESULTS: One animal in CON and one animal in HYA were responsive to stimulation and did not allow safe handling. No significant difference was found between treatments for latency (CON 11.3±5.9 minutes, HYA 7.4±5.1 minutes) and anesthesia (CON 53±53 minutes, HYA 49±38 minutes) periods. Recovery period was shorter in HYA (9±6 minutes) than in CON (32±16 minutes) (p < 0.05). Physiological variables were not significantly changed over time and were within accepted normal clinical limits for the species in both treatments. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hyaluronidase (400 IU) administered into adipose tissue in pigs did not reduce the latency and duration of dissociative anesthesia, but was associated with faster recovery.

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We describe the use of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam (Zoletil®) for chemical restraint of South American coatis ( Nasua nasua ) under field conditions. We immobilized 53 coatis from a free-ranging population at Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, with Zoletil. Males and females (1.0-8.7 kg) of different age groups participated in the study. Four dosage (milligram per kilogram body weight) groups were created based on quartiles as follows: 1) 4.76-6.68 mg/kg (n=13), 2) 6.83-7.71 mg/kg (n=13), 3) 7.72-8.68 mg/kg (n=18), and 4) 8.98-11.57 mg/kg (n=9). Variables analyzed were sex, age, body weight, dosage, induction time, handling time (HT: time elapsed between the onset of immobilization and first signs of recovery), time from injection to first stand-up posture after anesthesia, heart and respiratory rates, and body temperature. Mean (±SD) induction time was 2.9 (±1.4) min and was positively correlated with age. In dosage groups 1-4, mean HTs were 40.3 (±24.0), 64.5 (±19.1), 54.8 (±15.0), and 60.3 (±12.0), respectively. Handling time had a positive linear relationship with age and body weight, but the relationship between HT and dosage was nonlinear. Group 1 had a shorter HT compared to the other groups combined. Time from injection to first stand-up was 105.0 (±33.5) min. Zoletil was quick acting and safe for immobilization of coatis in the wild.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração do Zolazepam/Tiletamina nas funções cardiorrespiratórias e eletrocardiográficas em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) mantidos em cativeiro. Foram utilizados dez lobos-guará clinicamente saudáveis (seis machos e quatro fêmeas), com média de peso 23,5±3,5kg, e idade de 6,5±2,8 anos. Os lobos eram mantidos em cativeiro e foram capturados pelos tratadores, proporcionando o mínimo de estresse possível para avaliação dos parâmetros pré-anestésicos. Foram avaliadas frequência cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal, pressão arterial média e eletrocardiografia. Após coleta dos parâmetros fisiológicos e eletrocardiográficos pré-anestesia, foi administrada a dose de 5,1±0,7mg/kg de Zolazepam/Tiletamina intramuscular. Depois da anestesia, colocaram-se os eletrodos do eletrocardiograma nos membros torácicos e pélvicos. Os animais eram monitorados durante uma hora, sendo que, a cada 10 minutos, era realizado o registro dos valores eletrocardiográficos, assim como os valores dos parâmetros fisiológicos e cardiorrespiratórios. Os resultados mostraram alteração significativa na amplitude da onda P entre 10 a 50 minutos pós-anestesia. Frequência cardíaca (153±20bmp), frequência respiratória (29±6mpm), temperatura corporal (38,4±1oC), pressão arterial média (114±20mmHg) e as outras variáveis eletrocardiográficas não apresentaram alterações. O aumento da amplitude da onda P nos animais deste trabalho sugeriu um aumento atrial, oriundo de doenças cardíacas ou simplesmente pelo aumento da frequência cardíaca durante a contenção(AU)

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the anesthetic combination of Tiletamine/Zolazepam on the cardiorespiratory function and electrocardiographic profile in captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Ten maned wolves were used in this study (6 males and 4 females). All animals were healthy, with an average body weight of 23.5±3.5kg, and age of 6.5±2.8years. The wolves were conditioned to be physically restrained by their keepers in order to minimize stress during assessment of pre-anesthetic parameters. Data on heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure and electrocardiography were collected. Pre-anesthetic physiological an eletrocardiographic parameters were collected before the administration of 5.1±0.73mg/kg Tiletamine/Zolazepam intramuscularly. Under anesthesia, electrocardiogram electrodes were placed on thoracic and pelvic limbs and eletrocardiographic data was recorded every 10 minutes for approximately one hour, totaling 6 electrocardiograms. Heart rate 153±20bmp, respiratory rate 29±6mpm, rectal temperature 38,4±1oC, mean arterial blood pressure 114±20mmHg, and the other electrocardiographic parameters did not change; however, the P wave amplitude changed from 10 to 50 minutes after anesthesia. The increase in the P wave on the animals in this study suggested an atrial increase, probably due to cardiac disease or just by increasing the heart rate during the capture(AU)

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RESUMO

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração do Zolazepam/Tiletamina nas funções cardiorrespiratórias e eletrocardiográficas em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) mantidos em cativeiro. Foram utilizados dez lobos-guará clinicamente saudáveis (seis machos e quatro fêmeas), com média de peso 23,5±3,5kg, e idade de 6,5±2,8 anos. Os lobos eram mantidos em cativeiro e foram capturados pelos tratadores, proporcionando o mínimo de estresse possível para avaliação dos parâmetros pré-anestésicos. Foram avaliadas frequência cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal, pressão arterial média e eletrocardiografia. Após coleta dos parâmetros fisiológicos e eletrocardiográficos pré-anestesia, foi administrada a dose de 5,1±0,7mg/kg de Zolazepam/Tiletamina intramuscular. Depois da anestesia, colocaram-se os eletrodos do eletrocardiograma nos membros torácicos e pélvicos. Os animais eram monitorados durante uma hora, sendo que, a cada 10 minutos, era realizado o registro dos valores eletrocardiográficos, assim como os valores dos parâmetros fisiológicos e cardiorrespiratórios. Os resultados mostraram alteração significativa na amplitude da onda P entre 10 a 50 minutos pós-anestesia. Frequência cardíaca (153±20bmp), frequência respiratória (29±6mpm), temperatura corporal (38,4±1oC), pressão arterial média (114±20mmHg) e as outras variáveis eletrocardiográficas não apresentaram alterações. O aumento da amplitude da onda P nos animais deste trabalho sugeriu um aumento atrial, oriundo de doenças cardíacas ou simplesmente pelo aumento da frequência cardíaca durante a contenção.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the anesthetic combination of Tiletamine/Zolazepam on the cardiorespiratory function and electrocardiographic profile in captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Ten maned wolves were used in this study (6 males and 4 females). All animals were healthy, with an average body weight of 23.5±3.5kg, and age of 6.5±2.8years. The wolves were conditioned to be physically restrained by their keepers in order to minimize stress during assessment of pre-anesthetic parameters. Data on heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure and electrocardiography were collected. Pre-anesthetic physiological an eletrocardiographic parameters were collected before the administration of 5.1±0.73mg/kg Tiletamine/Zolazepam intramuscularly. Under anesthesia, electrocardiogram electrodes were placed on thoracic and pelvic limbs and eletrocardiographic data was recorded every 10 minutes for approximately one hour, totaling 6 electrocardiograms. Heart rate 153±20bmp, respiratory rate 29±6mpm, rectal temperature 38,4±1oC, mean arterial blood pressure 114±20mmHg, and the other electrocardiographic parameters did not change; however, the P wave amplitude changed from 10 to 50 minutes after anesthesia. The increase in the P wave on the animals in this study suggested an atrial increase, probably due to cardiac disease or just by increasing the heart rate during the capture.

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BACKGROUND: Dissociative drugs are used for chemical restraint in monkeys. The aim was to evaluate muscle relaxation, recovery, and ophthalmic and hemodynamic parameters in 24 capuchin monkeys subjected to four dissociative anesthesia protocols. METHODS: Animals were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ), ketamine-xylazine (KX), ketamine-midazolam (KM), or ketamine-dexmedetomidine (KD). Muscle relaxation, digital reflex, lacrimal production, intraocular pressure (IOP), heart and respiratory rates, oxygen saturation (SpO2 ), rectal temperature, non-invasive arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pupillary reflexes, and eyeball positioning were evaluated every 5 minutes for 20 minutes. RESULTS: Muscle relaxation was highest in KM and KD. At 5-minute post-injection, IOP was higher in TZ than in all other groups. There was a significant difference between groups and times in heart and respiratory rates and temperature. There were no significant differences in SpO2, arterial blood pressure, and lacrimal production between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The established parameters may help in clinical and ophthalmic examinations of primates.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar os efeitos das associações anestésicas cetaminamidazolam, cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam sobre a PIO em coelhos. Em estudo do tipo prospectivo, experimental, cego, cruzado e randomizado, foram utilizados seis coelhos distruibuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos, designados como grupos CM (cetamina 30 mg/kg + midazolam, 1 mg/kg), CX (cetamina, 30 mg/kg + xilazina, 3 mg/kg) e TZ (tiletamina + zolazepam, 20 mg/kg), associados na mesma seringa e aplicados por via intramuscular no músculo quadriceps femoral. A PIO foi mensurada previamente a administração dos fármacos (basal) e com 5 minutos de intervalo por um período de 30 minutos. Os dados foram comparados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) de amostras repetidas seguidas pelo teste de Bonferroni. Em todos os grupos foi verificado redução significativa da PIO comparativamente ao valor basal (p 0,001). Não foi observado diferença entre os grupos em nenhum momento (p > 0,05). A administração das associações cetamina-midazolam, cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam reduzem a PIO de maneira similar em coelhos em até 30 minutos da aplicação.(AU)

The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of three anesthetic combinations, ketamine-midazolam, ketamine-xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam, on IOP in rabbits. In a experimental, blind, randomized, crossover study, six rabbits were anesthetized with each of 3 treatments in random order. Groups KM (ketamine, 30 mg/kg + midazolam, 1 mg/kg); KX (ketamine, 30 mg/kg + xylazine, 3 mg/kg); and TZ (tiletamine + zolazepam, 20 mg/kg). The drugs were mixed in the same syringe injected intramuscularly (IM) into the quadriceps muscle. IOP was measured before drug administration (baseline) and at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes. The data were analyzed by a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. All groups had significant decreases in IOP compared to baseline (p 0.001). There was no difference between groups at any of the time points assessed (p > 0.05). Administration of either ketamine-midazolam, ketamine-xylazine, or tiletamine-zolazepam similarly decrease IOP in rabbits within 30 minutes of injection.(AU)

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Two protocols to immobilise free-ranging Pampas foxes for ear-tagging or radio-collaring were evaluated. One hundred fifteen foxes were injected with ketamine-xylazine (K-X) and thirteen with tiletamine-zolazepam (T-Z). The use of both T-Z and K-X combinations typically resulted in a smooth induction and recovery. In 86% of the cases K-X protocol was judged effective (mean±SD, K: 10.7±3.3mg/kg, X: 1.0±1.0mg/kg) while T-Z protocol was judged effective in 92% of the cases (T: 3.6±1.05mg/kg, Z: 3.6±1.05mg/kg). The primary differences between the two drug combinations were that the time necessary for the complete recovery was longer with T-Z, and thermic problems were found more frequently with K-X. Additionally, our results suggest that thermic stress may be a relatively frequent complication for Pampas foxes. This study provides baseline data on some physiologic variables in Pampas foxes captured with different methods and drugs in field conditions.

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A associação da tiletamina ao zolazepam(T/Z) é utilizada como anestesiadissociativa (AD) em animais decompanhia, promovendo analgesiasomática de curta duração, perda dosmovimentos voluntários e miorelaxamentocausado pelo benzodiazepínico, comestimulação cardiovascular e manutençãodos reflexos protetores. Em virtude dagrande utilização da T/Z na castraçãoeletiva de felinos e suas característicasanestésicas, buscou-se monitorar eidentificar as possíveis alteraçõeseletrocardiográficas (ECG) e clínicasocorridas no período trans-anestésico,com ou sem o fornecimento daoxigênioterapia via máscara. Para isso,utilizaram-se 20 fêmeas felinas, SRD,adultas jovens, hígidas, previamenteavaliadas, por meio do exame clínico,laboratorial e eletrocardiográfico.Realizou-se a pré-medicação comtramadol e anestesia com T/Z. Os felinosforam divididos aleatoriamente, sendo ogrupo G1 (n=10) que receberamsuplementação com oxigênio FiO2 viamáscara durante o período transanestésico,e o grupo G2 (n=10) semsuplementação, com ambos monitoradospor meio da avaliação da frequênciacardíaca (FC), respiratória (FR), pressãoarterial sistólica (PAS), temperatura retal(T°C) e oximetria de pulso, com agravação dos traçados e derivações ECGde cada felino, que posteriormente foramavaliados e interpretados. As análisesdemonstraram diferenças significativasentre os grupos na FR (G1=26,8±2,1 e G2= 38,5±3,2) e oximetria de pulso(G1=97,3±2,4% e G2=91,2±1,1%), odesenvolvimento bloqueio de ramo direitode forma intermitente e osupradesnivelamento S-T em ambos osgrupos. Conclui-se então, que ascaracterísticas eletrocardiográficas foramidênticas nos grupos independente dasuplementação de oxigênio, porémmostrando melhora dos parâmetrosclínicos nos felinos suplementados comoxigênio via máscara.(AU)

The association of tiletamine withzolazepam (T/Z) is commonly used indissociative anesthesia in household pets.This combination induces short-durationsomatic analgesia, loss of voluntarymovements and myorelaxation caused bythe benzodiazepin, with stimulation of theardiovascular system and maintenance ofprotective reflexes. Due to the large use ofthis association in elective neutering offelines and its anesthetic properties, wechose to monitorize and identifyelectrocardiographic (ECG) and clinicalchanges during the anesthetic procedure,with and without oxygen supplementation.For this study, 20 female felines wererecruited. All animals were young adults,healthy, no specific breed. The subjectsunderwent clinical, laboratorial andelectrocardiographic evaluations prior toanesthesia. Tramadol hydrochloride wasgiven as Preanesthetic medicationfollowed by anesthesia with T/Z. Thefelines were randomly assigned to eitherGroup 1 (n=10), in which subjects receivedoxygen supplementation through maskduring the anesthetic procedure, or Group2 (n=10), in which subjects were notsupplemented with oxygen. Heart andrespiratory rates, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and pulse oxymetrywere monitored in all subjects from bothgroups. We also obtained recordings ofthe ECG tracing and derivations for eachanimal which were posteriorly evaluatedand interpreted. The results showedsignificant differences between the groupsin respiratory rate (G1 = 26,8 +/- 2,1 andG2= 38,5+/- 3,2) and pulse oxymetry (G1=97,3 +/- 2,4% and G2 = 91,2 +/- 1,1%).We also observed on the ECG recordingsdevelopment of periods of intermittent rightbranch blockage and S-T elevation in bothgroups. We therefore concluded that theECG recordings were identical in bothgroups despite oxygenotherapy; however,we observed an improvement in theclinical parameters in animals whoreceived oxygen supplementation viamask. (AU)

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RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar os efeitos das associações anestésicas cetaminamidazolam, cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam sobre a PIO em coelhos. Em estudo do tipo prospectivo, experimental, cego, cruzado e randomizado, foram utilizados seis coelhos distruibuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos, designados como grupos CM (cetamina 30 mg/kg + midazolam, 1 mg/kg), CX (cetamina, 30 mg/kg + xilazina, 3 mg/kg) e TZ (tiletamina + zolazepam, 20 mg/kg), associados na mesma seringa e aplicados por via intramuscular no músculo quadriceps femoral. A PIO foi mensurada previamente a administração dos fármacos (basal) e com 5 minutos de intervalo por um período de 30 minutos. Os dados foram comparados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) de amostras repetidas seguidas pelo teste de Bonferroni. Em todos os grupos foi verificado redução significativa da PIO comparativamente ao valor basal (p 0,001). Não foi observado diferença entre os grupos em nenhum momento (p > 0,05). A administração das associações cetamina-midazolam, cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam reduzem a PIO de maneira similar em coelhos em até 30 minutos da aplicação.

The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of three anesthetic combinations, ketamine-midazolam, ketamine-xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam, on IOP in rabbits. In a experimental, blind, randomized, crossover study, six rabbits were anesthetized with each of 3 treatments in random order. Groups KM (ketamine, 30 mg/kg + midazolam, 1 mg/kg); KX (ketamine, 30 mg/kg + xylazine, 3 mg/kg); and TZ (tiletamine + zolazepam, 20 mg/kg). The drugs were mixed in the same syringe injected intramuscularly (IM) into the quadriceps muscle. IOP was measured before drug administration (baseline) and at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes. The data were analyzed by a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. All groups had significant decreases in IOP compared to baseline (p 0.001). There was no difference between groups at any of the time points assessed (p > 0.05). Administration of either ketamine-midazolam, ketamine-xylazine, or tiletamine-zolazepam similarly decrease IOP in rabbits within 30 minutes of injection.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A associação da tiletamina ao zolazepam(T/Z) é utilizada como anestesiadissociativa (AD) em animais decompanhia, promovendo analgesiasomática de curta duração, perda dosmovimentos voluntários e miorelaxamentocausado pelo benzodiazepínico, comestimulação cardiovascular e manutençãodos reflexos protetores. Em virtude dagrande utilização da T/Z na castraçãoeletiva de felinos e suas característicasanestésicas, buscou-se monitorar eidentificar as possíveis alteraçõeseletrocardiográficas (ECG) e clínicasocorridas no período trans-anestésico,com ou sem o fornecimento daoxigênioterapia via máscara. Para isso,utilizaram-se 20 fêmeas felinas, SRD,adultas jovens, hígidas, previamenteavaliadas, por meio do exame clínico,laboratorial e eletrocardiográfico.Realizou-se a pré-medicação comtramadol e anestesia com T/Z. Os felinosforam divididos aleatoriamente, sendo ogrupo G1 (n=10) que receberamsuplementação com oxigênio FiO2 viamáscara durante o período transanestésico,e o grupo G2 (n=10) semsuplementação, com ambos monitoradospor meio da avaliação da frequênciacardíaca (FC), respiratória (FR), pressãoarterial sistólica (PAS), temperatura retal(T°C) e oximetria de pulso, com agravação dos traçados e derivações ECGde cada felino, que posteriormente foramavaliados e interpretados. As análisesdemonstraram diferenças significativasentre os grupos na FR (G1=26,8±2,1 e G2= 38,5±3,2) e oximetria de pulso(G1=97,3±2,4% e G2=91,2±1,1%), odesenvolvimento bloqueio de ramo direitode forma intermitente e osupradesnivelamento S-T em ambos osgrupos. Conclui-se então, que ascaracterísticas eletrocardiográficas foramidênticas nos grupos independente dasuplementação de oxigênio, porémmostrando melhora dos parâmetrosclínicos nos felinos suplementados comoxigênio via máscara.

The association of tiletamine withzolazepam (T/Z) is commonly used indissociative anesthesia in household pets.This combination induces short-durationsomatic analgesia, loss of voluntarymovements and myorelaxation caused bythe benzodiazepin, with stimulation of theardiovascular system and maintenance ofprotective reflexes. Due to the large use ofthis association in elective neutering offelines and its anesthetic properties, wechose to monitorize and identifyelectrocardiographic (ECG) and clinicalchanges during the anesthetic procedure,with and without oxygen supplementation.For this study, 20 female felines wererecruited. All animals were young adults,healthy, no specific breed. The subjectsunderwent clinical, laboratorial andelectrocardiographic evaluations prior toanesthesia. Tramadol hydrochloride wasgiven as Preanesthetic medicationfollowed by anesthesia with T/Z. Thefelines were randomly assigned to eitherGroup 1 (n=10), in which subjects receivedoxygen supplementation through maskduring the anesthetic procedure, or Group2 (n=10), in which subjects were notsupplemented with oxygen. Heart andrespiratory rates, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and pulse oxymetrywere monitored in all subjects from bothgroups. We also obtained recordings ofthe ECG tracing and derivations for eachanimal which were posteriorly evaluatedand interpreted. The results showedsignificant differences between the groupsin respiratory rate (G1 = 26,8 +/- 2,1 andG2= 38,5+/- 3,2) and pulse oxymetry (G1=97,3 +/- 2,4% and G2 = 91,2 +/- 1,1%).We also observed on the ECG recordingsdevelopment of periods of intermittent rightbranch blockage and S-T elevation in bothgroups. We therefore concluded that theECG recordings were identical in bothgroups despite oxygenotherapy; however,we observed an improvement in theclinical parameters in animals whoreceived oxygen supplementation viamask.

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RESUMO

Seis animais foram submetidos à farmacupuntura com tiletamina e zolazepam intramuscular (Grupo I) e seis (Grupo II) receberam 10% da dose no acuponto yintang. Os do grupo GI permaneceram em decúbito lateral. Depois de 20 minutos, dois apresentaram sonolência com capacidade de locomoção durante todo período de avaliação e um permaneceu em decúbito esternal. Todos os coelhos do grupo II apresentavam aos 20 minutos em decúbito esternal. Notou-se em ambos os grupos a presença dos reflexos corneal, auricular, interdigital e palpebral. Nos animais do GI ocorreu aumento significativo dos leucócitos e nos dois grupos observou-se aumento de eritrócitos, hematócrito e plaquetas. A associação tiletamina-zolazepam, quando administrado no acupontoyintang ocasiona modificações moderadas dos parâmetros fisiológicos e alterações hematológicas, sem alterar as funções fisiológicas dos coelhos. Os fármacos injetados no acuponto permitem à contenção química dos animais durante 20 minutos.(AU)

Six rabbits were submitted to pharmacopuncture with intramuscular tiletamine (Group I) and six (Group II) received 10% of the dose in the yintang acupoint. Group I remained in lateral recumbency. After 20 minutes, two presented drowsiness with the capacity of locomotion throughout the assessment period, and one remained in sternal recumbency. All rabbits in Group II stayed 20 minutes in sternal recumbency. In both groups, the presence of corneal, ear, eyelid and interdigital reflections could be noticed. In the animals in GI, there was a significant increase in leukocytes, and both groups presented an increase in erythrocytes, hematocrit and platelet count. The tiletamine-zolazepam association, when administered in the yintang acupoint, causes moderate changes in physiological parameters and hematological changes without altering the physiological functions of rabbits. The drugs injected at the acupoint allow the chemical restraint of animals for 20 minutes.(AU)

Seis animales fueron sometidos a farmacupuntura con tiletamina y zolacepam intramuscular (Grupo I) y seis (Grupo II) recibieron 10% de la dosis en el acupunto yintang. Los del grupo GI permanecieron en decúbito lateral. Después de 20 minutos, dos presentaron somnolencia con capacidad de locomoción durante todo el período de evaluación y uno permaneció en decúbito esternal. Todos los conejos del grupo II presentaron a los 20 minutos decúbito esternal. Se observó en ambos los grupos la presencia de reflejos corneal, auricular, interdigital y de párpado. En los animales del GI ocurrió aumento significativo de leucocitos y en los dos grupos se observó aumento de eritrocitos, hematocrito y plaquetas. La asociación de tiletamina-zolacepam, cuando administrado en el acupunto yintang provoca cambios moderados de los parámetros fisiológicos y alteraciones hematológicas, sin alterar las funciones fisiológicas de los conejos. Los medicamentos inyectados en el acupunto permiten la contención química de los animales durante 20 minutos.(AU)

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RESUMO

Seis animais foram submetidos à farmacupuntura com tiletamina e zolazepam intramuscular (Grupo I) e seis (Grupo II) receberam 10% da dose no acuponto yintang. Os do grupo GI permaneceram em decúbito lateral. Depois de 20 minutos, dois apresentaram sonolência com capacidade de locomoção durante todo período de avaliação e um permaneceu em decúbito esternal. Todos os coelhos do grupo II apresentavam aos 20 minutos em decúbito esternal. Notou-se em ambos os grupos a presença dos reflexos corneal, auricular, interdigital e palpebral. Nos animais do GI ocorreu aumento significativo dos leucócitos e nos dois grupos observou-se aumento de eritrócitos, hematócrito e plaquetas. A associação tiletamina-zolazepam, quando administrado no acupontoyintang ocasiona modificações moderadas dos parâmetros fisiológicos e alterações hematológicas, sem alterar as funções fisiológicas dos coelhos. Os fármacos injetados no acuponto permitem à contenção química dos animais durante 20 minutos.(AU)

Six rabbits were submitted to pharmacopuncture with intramuscular tiletamine (Group I) and six (Group II) received 10% of the dose in the yintang acupoint. Group I remained in lateral recumbency. After 20 minutes, two presented drowsiness with the capacity of locomotion throughout the assessment period, and one remained in sternal recumbency. All rabbits in Group II stayed 20 minutes in sternal recumbency. In both groups, the presence of corneal, ear, eyelid and interdigital reflections could be noticed. In the animals in GI, there was a significant increase in leukocytes, and both groups presented an increase in erythrocytes, hematocrit and platelet count. The tiletamine-zolazepam association, when administered in the yintang acupoint, causes moderate changes in physiological parameters and hematological changes without altering the physiological functions of rabbits. The drugs injected at the acupoint allow the chemical restraint of animals for 20 minutes.(AU)

Seis animales fueron sometidos a farmacupuntura con tiletamina y zolacepam intramuscular (Grupo I) y seis (Grupo II) recibieron 10% de la dosis en el acupunto yintang. Los del grupo GI permanecieron en decúbito lateral. Despuésde 20 minutos, dos presentaron somnolencia con capacidad de locomoción durante todo el período de evaluación y uno permanecióen decúbito esternal. Todos los conejos del grupo II presentaron a los 20 minutos decúbito esternal. Se observó en ambos los grupos la presencia de reflejos corneal, auricular, interdigital y de párpado. En los animales del GI ocurrió aumento significativo de leucocitos y en los dos grupos se observó aumento de eritrocitos, hematocrito y plaquetas. La asociación de tiletamina-zolacepam, cuando administrado en el acupunto yintang provoca cambios moderados de los parámetros fisiológicos y alteraciones hematológicas, sin alterar las funciones fisiológicas de los conejos. Los medicamentos inyectados en el acupunto permiten la contención química de los animales durante 20 minutos.(AU)

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Onze queixadas (Tayassu pecari), pertencentes ao plantel do zoológico do Parque Municipal Danilo Galafassi (Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil), foram anestesiados pela associação de azaperone, romifidina, tiletamina, zolazepam e sulfato de atropina. As doses foram estabelecidas por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica, usando como modelo as doses indicadas para animais domésticos. Para romifidina usou-se como modelo a dose de 0,10 mg/kg, indicada para um cavalo de 500,00 Kg; para um cão de 10,00 Kg; para azaperone usou-se como modelo a dose de 1,00 mg/kg, indicada para um suíno de 100,00 kg; e para atropina usou-se como modelo a dose de 0,05 mg/kg, indicada para um cão de 10 kg. Conhecendo-se os pesos dos indivíduos, as doses calculadas das drogas foram acondicionadas em um mesmo dardo e administradas à distância por meio de zarabatana. Os animais foram avaliados quanto à perda da reação postural de endireitamento, início da anestesia, retorno da consciência, retorno da reação postural de endireitamento e retorno à ambulação normal. A cada 10 minutos após a indução da anestesia, foram monitorizados os parâmetros fisiológicos temperatura retal, freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória e saturação parcial de oxigênio. Nos mesmos momentos, avaliou-se a qualidade da contenção farmacológica (pelo nível de miorrelaxamento) e da anestesia (pelas reações a estímulos dolorosos), sendo conferidos os conceitos A (excelente), B (bom) e C (ruim). No 100° minuto realizou-se a administração intravenosa de ioimbina, avaliando-se seus efeitos na recuperação da anestesia. Concluiu-se que o protocolo testado é eficaz para a contenção farmacológica e anestesia de queixadas

Eleven White-lipped-peccaries (Tayassu pecari) belongig to the zoo of the City Park Danilo Galafassi (Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil) were anesthetized by the association of azaperone, romifidine, tiletamine, zolazepam, and atropine sulfate. The doses were established by allometric scaling, using as models the doses indicated for domestic animals: a) for romifidine the model was the dose or 0,10 mg/kg, indicated for a 500,00 kg horse, b) for the tiletamine + zolazepam association the model was the dose of 5,0 mg/kg, indicated for a 10,00 kg dog, c0 for azaperone the model was the dose of 1,00 mg/kg, indicated for a 100,00 kg pig, d) for atropine the model was the dose of 0,05 mg/kg, indicated for a 10 kg dog. Knowing the individuals” weights, the calculated doses of the drugs were mixed in the same dart and remotely administered by a blwgun. There were observed loss of righting reflex, beginning of anesthesia, return of conscience, return of righting reflex, and return to normal ambulation. Physiologic parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and partial saturation of oxygen) were monitored every 10 minutes after the induction of the anesthesia. In the same moments there were evaluated the quality of the chemical restraint (by the muscle relaxation level, and the anesthesia (by the reactions to painful stimuli), being given the concepts A (excellent), B (good) and C (bad). In the 100th minute it was administered intravenous yohimbine and its effects on the recovering were evaluated. It was concluded that that the tested protocol is effective for chemical restraint and anesthesia of the white-lipped-peccary

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