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The main goal of this study was to spatially analyze the HIV epidemic scenario in young men in Brazil, 2007-2021. We used secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Individuals aged 15-29 years with permanent residence in Brazil who were diagnosed with HIV during the study period were included in the analysis. Municipality HIV age-adjusted detection rates were analyzed through spatial distribution, autocorrelation, and spatiotemporal risk analyses. During the study period, 108,392 HIV cases were reported in young Brazilian men. The HIV epidemic increased territorially in the northern, northeastern, midwestern, and southeastern regions but decreased in the southern region. Although the number of clusters comprising municipalities with high HIV detection rates (hotspots) decreased, new ones appeared, expanded, or stopped changing size. Hotspots and spatio-temporal risk zones (spatial areas with increased HIV detection in a specific period) comprised economically developed municipalities with high demographic density surrounded by less developed municipalities. The period of the spatiotemporal risk zones was between 2008 and 2021. Our study showed that HIV detection rates continue to increase among young Brazilian men, and health authorities should reinforce efforts mainly in capitals and surrounded municipalities in the north, northeast, southeast, and midwest regions.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO: Neste artigo, discutimos como a profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) e a carga viral indetectável=intransmissível (CVI=I) têm produzido reconfigurações nos contextos de encontros afetivo-sexuais de jovens gays/ homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) vivendo com HIV (JVHIV). MÉTODOS: Conduzimos entrevistas em profundidade com nove JVHIV, de 18 a 29 anos, oriundos de duas pesquisas realizadas em Salvador/Bahia, em 2019 e 2021. Focalizamos narrativas sobre acontecimentos inéditos na prevenção e no tratamento do HIV/aids, que têm permitido experiências de maior intimidade e segurança, mas também desafios e tensionamentos às relações afetivo-sexuais. RESULTADOS: Momentos distintos da experiência de viver com HIV revelam diferentes narrativas dos JVHIV com relação às novas biotecnologias de PrEP e CVI. Preocupações em torno de uma possível transmissão do HIV ou da obrigação de revelar a sorologia ficam mais destacadas entre jovens com o diagnóstico mais recente, enquanto aqueles com maior tempo de sorologia se colocam de forma mais confortável e confiante frente às novas tecnologias e seus efeitos significativos nos encontros sexuais, ainda que permaneçam controvérsias a respeito das consequências morais e comportamentais do uso delas. Alguns JVHIV reatualizam preocupações e trazem relatos sobre a continuidade do estigma em relação às pessoas vivendo com HIV. Outros JVHIV enfatizam os benefícios dos avanços biomédicos, com abertura para novas possibilidades interativas, inclusive sem uso da camisinha, sublinhando a existência de outras práticas, saberes, dinâmicas e formas de negociação do risco/cuidado, com tensionamentos no campo da própria sexualidade. CONCLUSÕES: Reiteramos a necessidade de retomada de políticas públicas no campo do HIV/aids para além das estratégias biomédicas, dando destaque às vulnerabilidades, à disseminação de informações sobre as novas tecnologias de prevenção e tratamento do HIV, ao respeito à autonomia das pessoas em suas escolhas preventivas e ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento aos estigmas associados ao HIV/aids.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This article discusses how Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and the undetectable viral load=untransmissible (UVL=U) have produced reconfigurations in the contexts of affective-sexual encounters of young gay men/men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV (YLHIV). METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with nine YLHIV, aged 18 to 29, from two studies conducted in Salvador, Bahia, in 2019 and 2021. The narratives focused on unprecedented events in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, which have allowed experiences of greater intimacy and safety but also challenges and tensions in affective-sexual relationships. RESULTS: Different moments in the experience of living with HIV reveal different narratives of YLHIV concerning the new PrEP and UVL biotechnologies. Concerns surrounding possible HIV transmission or the obligation to reveal serology are more prominent among young people with the most recent diagnosis. In contrast, those with more extended serology experience are more comfortable and confident in the face of new technologies and their significant effects on sexual encounters. However, controversies remain regarding the moral and behavioral consequences of their use. Some YLHIV re-update concerns and bring reports about the continuity of stigma toward people living with HIV. Others emphasize the benefits of biomedical advances, opening up new interactive possibilities, including without the use of condoms, highlighting the existence of other practices, knowledge, dynamics, and ways of negotiating risk/care, with tensions in the field of sexuality itself. CONCLUSIONS: We reiterate the need to resume public policies in the field of HIV/AIDS beyond biomedical strategies, highlighting vulnerabilities, the dissemination of information about new HIV prevention and treatment technologies, respect for people's autonomy in their preventive choices, and the development of strategies to combat the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS.

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According to different researches, 30% of university graduates have a low level of health, and studying at university is one of the factors of its deterioration, besides the first year is considered critical. The purpose of research is to study the dynamics of physical development, physical fitness and functional state of young men during the first year of university studies. For the survey we used standard measurements and index calculations for 11 indicators of physical development, 9 indicators of physical fitness and 15 indicators of functional status. We calculated the arithmetic mean (M), the standard error of the mean (m), then evaluated differences by the Student criterion (t) for independent samples and considered them as reliable atр < 0.05. It is shown that during the first year of studies, young men have an increase in the Erismann index, the corpulence (Rohrer's) index, the body mass index and a decrease in the Pignet index. There is also an increase in the coefficient of endurance, adaptive capacity and diastolic pressure, while vital capacity of the lungs, the vital index, time of hanging on the bar and the speed of running 1000 m decrease. The dynamics of physical development is expressed in a change in mass-growth indices and indicates an increase in body weight. The dynamics of physical fitness is expressed in a decrease of the time of hanging on the bar and the speed of running 1000 m. The dynamics of the functional state is expressed in a decrease of vital capacity of the lungs, vital index, increase in the coefficient of endurance, adaptive capacity and diastolic blood pressure.

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Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) under 25 years old are among the few populations with increasing numbers of new HIV infections in parts of the world where HIV incidence is declining overall. In this systematic review, we synthesize the literature on HIV prevalence among MSM in Latin America and the Caribbean focusing on YMSM. Results were stratified according to study population sampling method used (probability and non-probability based). Forty-seven studies from 17 countries were published in the last 10 years. Among studies using probability-based sampling method (N = 21), HIV prevalence among MSM ranged from 1.2 to 32.6%. HIV prevalence tended to increase over time in studies sampling at different time points. HIV prevalence among YMSM exceeded 5.0% in more than a half of studies (51%; N = 22/43). Our review corroborates the high and potentially rising incidence of HIV among YMSM and characterizes the region's greatest challenge to ending the epidemic.

RESUMEN: Los hombres jóvenes que tienen sexo con hombres (JHSH) menores de 25 años se encuentran entre las pocas poblaciones con un aumento en las nuevas infecciones por VIH en regiones del mundo donde la incidencia del VIH está disminuyendo en general. En esta revisión sistemática, resumimos la literatura sobre la prevalencia del VIH entre HSH en América Latina y el Caribe, con un enfoque en JHSH. Los resultados se estratificaron por método de muestreo de la población de estudio (probabilístico y no probabilístico). Nuestra investigación encontró 47 estudios de 17 países publicados en los últimos 10 años. Entre los estudios que utilizaron muestreo probabilístico (N = 21), la prevalencia del VIH entre HSH osciló entre 1.2% y 32.6%. La prevalencia del VIH aumentó con el tiempo en ciudades que repitieron el método de muestreo. La prevalencia del VIH entre JHSH superó el 5.0% en más de la mitad de los estudios (51%; N = 22/43). Nuestro análisis corrobora la alta y potencialmente creciente incidencia de VIH entre JHSH y caracteriza el mayor desafío de la región para poner fin a la epidemia.

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Abstract Background A significant number of individuals with high levels of aggression have substance use disorder problems. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substance use disorder on aggression in young men with Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Methods This cross-sectional study included 328 patients and were diagnosed with ASPD with a comorbidity of substance use disorder, along with 111 healthy young male subjects. Results The total aggression scores of the patients with a diagnosis of ASPD were significantly higher than those of the healthy group (p < 0.001). Mean scores of aggression subscale, except for indirect aggression, were higher in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between aggression scores and total API scores in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were higher when subjects were using volatile substances compared to other substances (p < 0.05). Aggression scores increased with duration of substance use disorder (p < 0.001). Discussion Substance use disorder should be treated first to mitigate aggression in individuals with ASPD. Patients with severe addiction to volatile substances should be given treatment priority. Further studies are necessary to determine the cause of aggression in individuals who abuse substances.

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Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors (BTGCT) occur in 1 to 4% of patients with testicular cancer and of these, 10-15% are synchronous. Overall, BTGCT represents less than 0.5% of all new cases of testicular cancer. There are few reports in the literature of synchronous BTGCT with different histology. We present the case of a 30-year-old man who presented to our genitourinary tumor unit with a bilateral increase of testicular volume. After initial assessment, a testicular ultrasound showed the presence of solid tumors in both testes. Staging studies were negative for metastatic disease. The patient was referred to the fertility clinic for sperm banking and later underwent a bilateral radical orchiectomy. The histopathology evaluation revealed a 5.5 cm right-sided mixed germ cell tumor and a 1.5 cm left-sided testicular seminoma. Because patient's poor compliance for surveillance was identified as a risk factor for relapse and poor outcome, adjuvant chemotherapy was favored. The patient underwent one cycle of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP). After four years of follow up, the patient shows no evidence of relapse, either clinically or radiologically. In men unlikely to carry out successful surveillance; active treatment is the preferred option for preventing disease recurrence, even in patients with no risk factors. The physician must consider all available therapeutic measures in this scenario to achieve the best possible therapeutic result.

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RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o lugar do Departamento Físico no projeto formador das Associações Cristãs de Moços (ACM), no Brasil, de 1893 a 1929, a partir do investimento institucional na formação física, intelectual e moral-religiosa. As fontes mobilizadas foram: revistas e documentos institucionais - panfletos, cartilhas, estatutos, atas. Os momentos iniciais de implantação das ACMs no Brasil foram de poucos investimentos na constituição do Departamento Físico, no entanto, no decorrer da consolidação da instituição, alteram-se os discursos no que tange às exigências na formação do sujeito, inseriu-se o Departamento Físico de outra forma no projeto acmista.

ABSTRACT This study aims to understand the place of the Physical Department in the formation project of the Young Men Christian Association (YMCA) in Brazil, in the 1893-1929 period, based on the institutional investment on physical, intellectual and moral-religious formation. The sources mobilized to enable this project were: magazines and institutional documents ‒ pamphlets, letters, statutes and minutes. The early stages of implementation of the YMCAs in Brazil were few in investments for the constitution of the Physical Department, however, in the course of the institution's consolidation, the speeches were altered related to the demands on the subject formation, inserting the Physical Department otherwise in acmista project.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender el papel del Departamento Físico en el proyecto de formación de las Asociaciones Cristianas de Jóvenes (ACJ) en Brasil durante el período de 1893 a 1929, a partir de la inversión institucional en la formación física, intelectual y moral-religiosa. Las fuentes movilizadas para esta encuesta fueron: periódicos y documentos institucionales, como folletos, cuadernillos, estatutos y actas. Las primeras etapas de la implementación de la ACJ en Brasil conllevaron pocas inversiones en la constitución del Departamento de Física. Sin embargo, en el curso de la consolidación de la institución, los discursos se modificaron respecto a las exigencias de formación del individuo, por lo que el Departamento Físico, por lo demás, acabó incluyéndose en el proyecto acmista.

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Este estudo investiga iniciativas relacionadas à construção de playgrounds, de praças de jogos e de jardins de recreio durante as décadas de 1920 e 1930, em experiências educacionais empreendidas no Rio de Janeiro, em Minas Gerais e no Rio Grande do Sul, por sujeitos ligados à Associação Cristã de Moços. A análise das fontes mobilizadas permite indicar que a consideração daqueles lugares como extensão da escola, o entendimento de que eles constituiriam momento privilegiado para dar expansão aos instintos infantis, a compreensão de que as atividades ali desenvolvidas poderiam incorporar códigos para a vida social dos alunos e a preocupação com a boa ocupação do tempo livre compuseram o arranjo argumentativo para a defesa da instalação de tais espaços educativos

This study looks into actions related to the construction of playgrounds, praças de jogos and jardins de recreio in the 1920s and 1930s, in educational experiences conducted in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, facilitated by subjects linked to the Young Men's Christian Association. The analysis of the documents indicates that seeing those spaces as extensions of the school environment, understanding that they were privileged moments to expand children's instincts and understanding that the activities developed there could incorporate codes for student ́s social life and concern with good use of free time were part of the arguments to legitimate the construction of those educational spaces

Este estudio investiga iniciativas relacionadas con la construcción de áreas de juego, plazas y jardines de recreo, durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930, en experiencias educativas emprendidas en Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais y Rio Grande do Sul, por personas vinculadas a la Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes. El análisis de las fuentes permite indicar que la consideración de esos lugares como extensión de la escuela, el entendimiento de que constituirían un momento privilegiado para darle expansión a los instintos infantiles, la comprensión de que las actividades allí desarrolladas podrían incorporar códigos para la vida social de los alumnos y la preocupación con la buena ocupación del tiempo libre compusieron el fondo argumentativo para la defensa de la instalación de tales espacios educativos

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La prevalencia de disfunción eréctil (DE) en hombres jóvenes, según estudios internacionales es entre un 8 por ciento -30 por ciento. En Chile no se cuenta con datos sobre prevalencia de DE en población joven. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de DE en estudiantes de medicina. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal, para determinar la prevalencia de DE, se aplicó el cuestionario International Index of Erectile Function simplificado (IIEF-5), en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor, Santiago. Cursando desde primer a séptimo año, durante 2017, en voluntarios entre 18 - 30 años de edad. RESULTADOS: Del total de 158 encuestados, 11 % tiene Disfunción Severa, 20 % Disfunción Moderada, 7 por ciento Disfunción Leve - Moderada y 7 por ciento Disfunción Leve. Obteniéndose una tasa de prevalencia de 45 por ciento . La mayor prevalencia se presentó en el tercer año de carrera con un 63,6 % , la menor prevalencia se obtuvo en quinto año con un 27 por ciento . CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de DE alcanzó el 45 por ciento . Superior a lo descrito en los estudios que abordan el tema. Es posible que estos resultados sean a causa de la población estudiada, ya que está documentado que los estudiantes de medicina sufren de ansiedad y depresión mayor a la que tiene la población general de la misma edad. Al ser una patología con una prevalencia creciente dentro de la población joven, es importante para los médicos mejorar los mecanismos de pesquisa de esta enfermedad.AU

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in young men, according to international studies is between 8 pertcent -30 pertcent . In Chile, there is no data on the prevalence of ED in young population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of ED in medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study. To determine the prevalence of ED, the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was applied to medical students of the Universidad Mayor, Santiago. From first to seventh year, during 2017, with volunteers between 18 - 30 years of age. RESULTS: Of the total of 158 respondents, 11 percent have Severe Dysfunction, 20 pertcent Moderate Dysfunction, 7 pertcent Mild Dysfunction - Moderate and 7 pertcent Mild Dysfunction. Obtaining aprevalence rate of 45 pertcent. The highest prevalence was presented in the third year of career with 63.6 pertcent , the lowest prevalence was obtained in the fifth year with 27 pertcent CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ED reached 45 pertcent. Superior to that described in the studies that address the issue. It is possible that these results are due to the population studied, since it is documented that medical students suffer from anxiety and depression greater than that of the general population of the same age. Being a pathology with a growing prevalence within the young population, it is important for doctors to improve the mechanisms of research of this disease.AU

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Introducción: el sexo transaccional es el acto mediante el cual un individuo accede a satisfacer las demandas sexuales de una persona o grupo de personas a cambio de una remuneración monetaria u otra contraprestación. Objetivo: caracterizar las experiencias que, en la historia de vida de jóvenes homosexuales, han influido en la práctica del sexo transaccional. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, durante los años 2012 y 2013. La muestra la conformaron 25 jóvenes homosexuales pertenecientes al policlínico "Ana Betancourt", a los que se les realizó entrevista abierta y semiestructurada. Resultados: el ámbito familiar constituye, en la totalidad de los entrevistados, un espacio de conflicto y frustración, manifestándose prohibiciones e incomprensiones de los familiares vinculados a la identidad de género y sexo-erótica. Se constató frustración e inestabilidad en el área de pareja; sobrevaloración de la figura materna, vinculada a la necesidad de afecto, y una valoración negativa de la paterna, asociada a la percepción de rechazo por una orientación sexual diferente. La necesidad de afecto era canalizada a través de las relaciones interpersonales y en el marco de la práctica de sexo transaccional. Resultaron motivaciones para esta práctica, poder emigrar a otros lugares donde puedan suplir las carencias detectadas. Conclusiones: las experiencias de vida, vinculadas a la práctica del sexo transaccional, confirman y consolidan las concepciones entorno a la doble moral. Las que más influyen en la práctica de este acto son las vivenciadas en las áreas familiar, de pareja y psicosexual(AU)

Introduction: Transactional sex is the act by which an individual accedes to satisfy the sexual demand from a person or group of persons in exchange for monetary remuneration or compensation. Objective: To characterize the experiences in the life history of homosexual young men that have influenced the practice of transactional sex. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out during the years 2012 and 2013. The sample was made up by 25 homosexual young men from Ana Betancourt Polyclinic, who were conducted on an open and semi-structured interview. Results: The family environment is, in the totality of the interviewees, a space of conflict and frustration, with manifestations of prohibitions and lack of understanding by the relatives associated with gender and sexual-erotic identity. Frustration and instability was perceived in the couple area; over-assessment of the mother's figure, associated to the lack of affection; and a negative evaluation of the father's figure, associated with the perception of despise for a different sexual orientation. The necessity of affection was channeled by interpersonal relationships and by practicing transactional sex. Among the motivations for this proactive were to migrate to places when they can supply the scarcities detected. Conclusions: Life experiences associated with the practice of transactional sex confirm and strengthen the conception regarding double morality. Those influencing this practice the most are the experiences in the family, the couple and psychosexual areas(AU)

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Objective: To evaluate the emotional impact of halitosis on 18-year-old men using a self-reported questionnaire. Method: A total of 2,224 participants underwent dental and medical examinations in the army medical services in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in July 2008. Results: In this sample, 12% of respondents expressed concern about their oral malodor, which had a strong emotional impact on their quality of life. Conclusions: The individuals reporting halitosis showed a higher degree of concern with their oral malodor. Low educational level and low income were associated with psychological impact and halitosis in this population (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da halitose em uma amostra de homens de 18 anos usando um questionário autoaplicável. Métodos: Um total de 2.224 indivíduos foram submetidos a exames dentários e médicos no serviço médico do Exército na cidade de Pelotas, no sul do Brasil, em julho de 2008. Resultados: Nessa amostra, 12% dos respondentes expressaram sua preocupação quanto ao mau hálito, com forte impacto emocional em sua qualidade de vida. Conclusões: Os indivíduos que relataram halitose apresentavam maior grau de preocupação com mau hálito. Nível educacional baixo e baixa renda estiveram associados ao impacto psicológico e à halitose nesta população (AU)

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos agudos e de curta duração de duas intensidades de exercício aeróbio sobre a concentração circulante de IL-6 e IL-10. Quinze homens jovens fisicamente ativos (21,0 ± 1,9 anos) foram submetidos a duas sessões de exercício ("crossover"): alta intensidade de exercício (AIE)- (80% VO2pico), e baixa intensidade de exercício (BIE)- (40% VO2pico), com intervalo de sete dias ("Wash out"). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em tubos com EDTA, antes do exercício (basal), imediatamente após o exercício (agudo) e após 2 h de recuperação passiva. As concentrações séricas de IL-6 e IL-10 foram determinadas com a utilização de kits comerciais de ELISA. Os resultados demonstraram elevação aguda da IL- 6, em resposta ao AIE em relação ao BIE (p < 0,05), enquanto que a IL-10 apresentou maior redução sistêmica aguda para BIE em comparação a AIE (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença na variação das citocinas após 2 h do término do exercício. Conclui-se que ambas as sessões agudas de exercício são capazes de modular a concentração circulante destas citocinas, e que a magnitude das alterações são dependentes da intensidade do esforço

The aim of this study was to analyze the acute and short-term effects of high and low exercise intensities on IL-6 and IL-10. Fifteen young healthy physically active males (21.0 ± 1.9 yrs) were submitted to 2 experimental trials (cross-over) with a 7-dais wash-out: high exercise intensity (80% VO2peak) and low exercise intensity (40% VO2peak) session. Blood samples were collected before exercise (baseline), immediately after exercise (acute), and two hours after the end of the exercise session (2 h). IL-6 and IL-10 circulating levels were determinate by ELISA. The results demonstrated an acute increase in IL-6 levels after high intensity compared to low intensity exercise (p < 0.05), however, IL-10 presented an acute decrease in response to low intensity exercise (p < 0.05). No effects were observed after 2 h of recovery from the session. Thus we conclude that acute exercise sessions are able to modulate the circulating levels of the studies cytokines, and the magnitudes of these changes are dependent of the exercise intensity

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Analisa-se a proposição da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde de Adolescentes e Jovens - PNAISAJ e a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem - PNAISH como instituidoras de uma nova compreensão para a atenção integral à saúde destas populações. A partir de documentos oficiais, analisaram-se as interlocuções entre a proposta da PNAISAJ e a da PNAISH para identificar: 1) como a perspectiva relacional de gênero e a masculinidade foram consideradas em cada política e 2) outros conceitos-chaves transversais às políticas estudadas. Enquanto a categoria de ciclo de vida marca a proposta da PNAISAJ; na PNAISH, a marca do gênero é a que se destaca. Concluímos que textos políticos expressam os interesses e a compreensão do campo do conhecimento de atores de cada um dos segmentos analisados, constituindo políticas culturais com potência a instauração de certos sentidos à atenção e ao cuidado à saúde dos diferentes extratos populacionais.

This paper analyzes the proposal of the Brazilian Comprehensive Health Care Policy for Adolescents and Young People - PNAISAJ, and the Brazilian Comprehensive Health Care Policy for Men - PNAISH, as policies that introduce a new way to address comprehensive health care for these population groups. From official documents, the debates among both policies were analyzed to identify: 1) how the relational perspective of gender and masculinity were considered in each policy; and 2) other key transversal concepts to the policies studied. While the category of life cycle marks the PNAISAJ proposal, the gender issue is paramount in the PNAISH proposal. We conclude that political texts express the interests and understanding of the field of knowledge of protagonists from each of the segments analyzed, constituting cultural policies with the power to establish some meanings for attention and care of health in different population groups.

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BACKGROUND: Traditional forms of masculinity strongly influence men's and women's wellbeing. OBJECTIVE: This study has two aims: (i) to explore notions of various forms of masculinities in young Nicaraguan men participating in programs addressing sexual health, reproductive health, and/or gender equality and (ii) to find out how these young men perceive their involvement in actions aimed at reducing violence against women (VAW). DESIGN: A qualitative grounded theory study. Data were collected through six focus groups and two in-depth interviews with altogether 62 young men. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that the informants experienced a process of change, labeled 'Expanding your mind', in which we identified four interrelated subcategories: The apprentice, The responsible/respectful man, The proactive peer educator, and 'The feminist man'. The process showed how an increased awareness of gender inequities facilitated the emergence of values (respect and responsibility) and behavior (thoughtful action) that contributed to increase the informant's critical thinking and agency at individual, social, and political levels. The process was influenced by individual and external factors. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple progressive masculinities can emerge from programs challenging patriarchy in this Latin American setting. The masculinities identified in this study show a range of attitudes and behaviors; however, all lean toward more equitable gender relations. The results suggest that learning about sexual and reproductive health does not directly imply developing more gender-equitable attitudes and behaviors or a greater willingness to prevent VAW. It is paramount that interventions to challenge machismo in this setting continue and are expanded to reach more young men.

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Apresentam-se algumas reflexões acerca dos sentidos produzidos por homens jovens de uma comunidade de pescadores no Nordeste do Brasil sobre uso dos serviços de atenção básica de sua região. Parte-se de informações obtidas por meio de observação participante, dos dados da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e dos grupos de discussão realizados com os homens jovens. Identificou-se o crescente consumo de álcool e outras drogas psicoativas entre os jovens, e uma preferência, entre os membros da comunidade, em usar o conhecimento leigo de cuidados com a saúde, e não a rede oficial de assistência, recorrendo a esta só em caso de piora no quadro e/ou dor. Aponta-se a necessidade de se ampliar a reflexão sobre a masculinidade, tendo em vista o comprometimento com a saúde do homem.

This paper presents some reflections on the meanings produced by young men from a fishing community in the Northeast of Brazil about the use of primary health care services in their region. They are based on information obtained through participant observation, on data provided by the Municipal Health Department and on discussion groups conducted with the young men. It was observed that the consumption of alcohol and other psychoactive drugs is growing among the young men. In addition, lay knowledge of health care is preferred to the official care network, which is sought for only in case of worsening of the health conditions and/or severe pain. Thus, we point to the need of broadening the debate on masculinity in view of the commitment to man's health.

Son presentadas algunas reflexiones sobre los significados producidos por hombres jóvenes de una comunidad de pescadores en el nordeste de Brasil sobre el uso de servicios de atención básica en su área. Se parte de informaciones obtenidas a través de la observación participante; de los datos de los servicios de Salud Municipal y de los grupos focales realizados con jóvenes. Se identifica entre los jóvenes un creciente consumo de alcohol y otras drogas psicoactivas y una preferencia, entre los membros de la comunidad, a utilizar sus conocimientos legos de los cuidados de la salud y no el servicio de la red social, buscándolo sólo cuando hay un empeoramiento y/o se siente dolor. Así pues, hay la necesidad de ampliar el debate sobre la masculinidad teniendo en cuenta su relación con la salud del hombre.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a modulação autonômica da freqüência cardíaca (FC) em repouso em relação à postura corporal em jovens sedentários. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 20 homens jovens (22,6 ± 2,5 anos), saudáveis e sedentários. A FC e os intervalos das ondas R (iR-R em ms) do eletrocardiograma (ECG) foram captados em tempo real na derivação DII modificada, com os voluntários em repouso nas posturas supina e sentada, durante 15 minutos. Os dados dos iR-R foram analisados, no domínio do tempo (DT), pelos índices RMSSD, RMSM e pNN50 ( por cento); e no domínio da freqüência (DF) pela análise espectral, transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT), pelas bandas de baixa freqüência (BF) e alta freqüência (AF), expressas em unidades normalizadas (un) e a razão BF/AF. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de correlação Spearman e o teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas com significância de alfa= 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: No DT, os índices RMSSD e pNN50 apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes na comparação entre as posturas supina e sentada (p< 0,05), e o RMSM não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação entre as posturas (p> 0,05). No DF, as bandas de BF, AF e a razão BF/AF apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação entre as posturas supina e sentada (p< 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram que, com a mudança postural, ocorreram ajustes autonômicos do sistema nervoso parassimpático e simpático sobre o controle da FC, o que pode ser atribuído à integridade do sistema neurocárdico.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the autonomic heart rate (HR) modulation, under resting conditions in relation to body posture, in sedentary young adults. METHODS: Twenty young healthy and sedentary men aged 22.6 ± 2.5 years participated in the study. The HR and R-R intervals (in ms) of the electrocardiogram (EKG) were obtained in real time using the modified DII derivation, with the volunteers at rest in the supine and seated positions, for 15 minutes. The R-R data were analyzed in the time domain, by means of the RMSSD, RMSM and pNN50 ( percent) indices; and in the frequency domain, by means of spectral analysis and fast Fourier transforms (FFT), using low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands expressed as normalized units and as the LF/HF ratio. The statistical analysis consisted of the Spearman test for correlation analyses and the Wilcoxon test for paired samples, with significance of alpha= 5 percent. RESULTS: In the time domain, the RMSSD and pNN50 indices demonstrated statistically significant differences between the supine and seated positions (p< 0.05). The RMSM index did not showed any statistically significant difference between the positions (p> 0.05). In the frequency domain, the LF and HF bands and the LF/HF ratio demonstrated statistically significant differences between the supine and seated positions (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that, by changing the posture, autonomic adjustments were produced to the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems with regard to HR control. This can be attributed to the integrity of the neurocardiac system.

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