RESUMO
Biocomposites were fabricated utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) combined with native starch sourced from mountain's yam (Dioscorea remotiflora Knuth), an underexplored tuber variety. Different starch compositions (7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 wt.%) were blended with PLA in a batch mixer at 160 °C to produce PLA/starch biocomposites. The biocomposites were characterized by analyzing their morphology, particle size distribution, thermal, X-ray diffraction (XDR), mechanical, and dynamic mechanical (DMA) properties, water absorption behavior, and color. The results showed that the amylose content of Dioscorea remotiflora starch was 48.43 ± 1.4%, which corresponds to a high-amylose starch (>30% of amylose). Particle size analysis showed large z-average particle diameters (Dz0) of the starch granules (30.59 ± 3.44 µm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed oval-shaped granules evenly distributed throughout the structure of the biocomposite, without observable agglomeration or damage to its structure. XDR and DMA analyses revealed an increase in the crystallinity of the biocomposites as the proportion of the starch increased. The tensile modulus (E) underwent a reduction, whereas the flexural modulus (Eflex) increased with the amount of starch incorporated. The biocomposites with the highest Eflex were those with a starch content of 22.5 wt.%, which increased by 8.7% compared to the neat PLA. The water absorption of the biocomposites demonstrated a higher uptake capacity as the starch content increased. The rate of water absorption in the biocomposites followed the principles of Fick's Law. The novelty of this work lies in its offering an alternative for the use of high-amylose mountain's yam starch to produce low-cost bioplastics for different applications.
RESUMO
The current consumer demand for fresh food and the interest in caring for the environment have driven the development of biodegradable film packaging to replace synthetic films to preserve the integrity of food. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of starch modifications (oxidized, cross-linked, and dual: oxidized/cross-linked), starch concentration (1 and 2%), and glycerol concentration (5 and 15%) on water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation), optical, and structural properties of films based on "hawthorn" yam starch. The WVP of the films was 4.4 × 10-10 to 1.5 × 10-9 g/m∗s∗Pa, where the films with oxidized yam starch showed a 58.04% reduction concerning the native starch. The tensile strength of oxidized yam starch films showed a decrease of 17.51% with an increase in glycerol concentration. For the 1% starch concentration, elongation increased by 17.03% when the glycerol concentration was increased from 5 to 15%. Modification of starch, starch concentration, and glycerol have a significant effect on the barrier, mechanical, physical, and structural properties of films made with yam starch, where films made with oxidized yam starches at a concentration of 1% starch and 5% glycerol showed the best responses of the properties evaluated.
RESUMO
This work aimed to characterize the molecular structure and functional properties of starches isolated from wild Dioscorea yams grown at the Amazons, using conventional and up-to-date methodologies. Among the high purity starches isolated (≥99%), the chain lengths were similar, whereas variations in gelatinization profile were observed. Starches have shown varied-shaped granules with monomodal distribution, and B-type crystallinity. Variations in amylose contents found by three analyses were hypothesized being related to intermediate material. Linear chain lengths were similar, and their amylopectins showed a dense, spherical conformation and similar molecular characteristics. The average molar mass and the radius of gyration of the chromatograms of the yam amylopectin, M¯W and R¯G were ranging between 174×10(6) g mol(-1) and 237×10(6) g mol(-1), and 201 nm and 233 nm, respectively. The white yams starches were more sensible to enzymes than the other two. All starches have shown a wide range of functional and nutritional properties.
Assuntos
Dioscorea/química , Dioscorea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Amido/química , Amido/isolamento & purificação , Amilose/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Dioscorea/genética , Dioscorea/metabolismo , Genótipo , Reologia , Amido/metabolismo , Temperatura , VenezuelaRESUMO
The starches obtained from two different yam residues, which were treated with alkali(starch-A) or enzyme (starch-E), were studied and compared with yam starch isolated using ordinary method (starch-O) for morphological, crystalline pattern, thermal, and pasting properties. The results revealed that the amylose content of three starches ranged from 19.47 to 22.17 percent. The granule surfaces of starch-A and starch-E were as smooth as that of starch-O. The crystalline pattern of the three starches was a C-type. The transition temperatures (To, Tp and Tc) varied from 70.11 to 73.64, 79.23 to 81.74, and 84.30 to 86.65 ºC, respectively. The starch-E showed the highest Δ Hgel, followed by the starch-A, while it was lowest for the starch-O. According to the viscosity measurement, starch-O had the lowest pasting temperature, highest peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity, which were contrary to those of starch-E.
RESUMO
Yam tubers (Dioscorea alata) are a non-traditional starch source. Yam starch had been studied as a promising polymer for biofilm production because it contains about 30% of amylose, and amylose is responsible for the film-forming capacity of starches. Starches obtained from yam tubers were extracted employing two different methods and its chemical and functional characteristics and film forming capacity were analysed. The first method, described by Alves, Grossmann e Silva (1999) was executed in 6 days, generating from yam tubers 7% of yam starch with purity grade up to 95%. The second method, described by Cereda et al. (2003), yielded 13% of yam starch with purity grade around 84% and was developed in three days. Brabender amylograms showed that starch pastes maintained stability under heat treatment with lower viscosity values to the starch obtained by second extraction method. In film forming capacity, both starches presented similar results, forming films with high tensile strength, but the starch obtained by second extraction method formed films with high opacity values. To industry use, the second method seemed to be more appropriate, because had a higher yield and required fewer time.
Tubérculos de inhame (Dioscorea alata) constituem-se em uma fonte não convencional de amido. O amido de inhame tem sido estudado como um polímero promissor na confecção de biofilmes por conter cerca de 30% de amilose, polímero responsável pela capacidade de formação de filmes nos amidos. Os amidos obtidos dos tubérculos de inhame foram extraídos por dois diferentes métodos e as características químicas e funcionais das amostras foram analisadas. O primeiro método, descrito por Alves, Grossmann e Silva (1999) foi executado em seis dias, gerando 7% de amido com grau de pureza acima de 95%. O segundo método, descrito por Cereda et al. (2003), rendeu 13% de amido com grau de pureza de 84% e foi realizado em três dias. Os amilogramas Brabender mostraram que as pastas de amido apresentaram estabilidade sob tratamento térmico, com menores valores de viscosidade para os amidos obtidos pelo segundo método de extração. A capacidade de formação de filmes das amostras extraídas pelos dois métodos foi similar, formando-se filmes com alta resistência mecânica, porém o amido obtido através do segundo método formou filmes mais opacos. Para adaptação à indústria, o segundo método de extração pareceu ser o mais adequado, porque o rendimento foi maior e requereu menos tempo.