RESUMO
The participation of women in neurosurgery in Peru began in 1974 with the first Peruvian female neurosurgeon, who was accepted into a residency program with the condition of not getting married during her training. Nowadays, the conditions are more just, and there is greater equality of opportunities between men and women, but the numbers show that the differences have not yet been fully equalized. As evidence of this, it has been observed that only 17% of the residency positions offered in 2022 were filled by women, and there has been reduced participation of female neurosurgeons in the Peruvian Society of Neurosurgery. This article discusses the importance of tracking and promoting stories of Peruvian female neurosurgeons and calls for research in the area of women in neurosurgery in latin countries, like Peru.
Assuntos
Internato e Residência , Neurocirurgia , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Neurocirurgia/educação , Peru , Neurocirurgiões , Procedimentos NeurocirúrgicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Feminization of medicine is a worldwide phenomenon. Countries must consider feminization of medical specializations in the planning of health public politics. OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in medical specialization and employability in México according to gender. METHOD: We analyzed the electronic repositories of students and hired physicians at IMSS from 2006-2020. RESULTS: 42,647 specialists graduated in the period. The percentage of women increased 3% in medical specializations and 9% in surgical ones. Women significatively predominate in first entry and controllable lifestyle specialization. The percentage of hired women physicians increased 14 and 17% in leadership positions. CONCLUSIONS: There is a steady increase in feminization of medical specialization. To date, 52% of residents, 48% of hired physicians and 42% of leaders are women.
Assuntos
Medicina , Médicas , Estudantes de Medicina , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , México , EspecializaçãoRESUMO
La mexicana María Cristina García-Sancho de Penichet (1919- ) fue la primera neurocirujana en América Latina. Estudió medicina en una época en que la inserción de la mujer en esta disciplina todavía era baja y se decidió por una especialidad, inclusive difícil para los mismos hombres; la neurocirugía. Se preparó en este campo con uno de los grandes neurocirujanos de la época, Alfonso Asenjo Gómez (1906-1980) y en uno de los mejores lugares del mundo, el Instituto de Neurocirugía e Investigaciones Cerebrales en Santiago de Chile. Su aportación a la neurocirugía fue haber modificado el proceso quirúrgico de la cordotomía, operación para controlar el dolor y que tradicionalmente se hacía en dos tiempos. La doctora García-Sancho propuso realizarla en un solo paso.
María Cristina García-Sancho de Penichet (1919- ), a Mexican, was the first woman neurosurgeon in Latin America. She studied medicine at a time when womens participation in medicine was limited, yet she chose specialization that was considered difficult even for men: neurosurgery. She trained in this discipline with one of the great neurosurgeons of the time, the Chilean Alfonso Asenjo Gómez (1906-1918), and at one of the most prestigious establishments in the world: the Institute of Neurosurgery and Cerebral Research in Santiago de Chile. Her main contribution to the field of neurology consisted in modifying the surgical procedure called cordotomy, an operation for pain control that traditionally required a two-step procedure, but which Dr. García-Sancho showed could be performed in just one step.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Cordotomia/história , História da Medicina , Médicas/história , Neurocirurgia/história , Chile , América Latina , MéxicoRESUMO
During the past four decades the participation of women in medicine has increased dramatically. This study is focused on the women's participation in authorship of articles published in the Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, the official Journal of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology. The articles were analyzed according to the number of articles and sex of both first and the senior (last) authors. The data were collected from 1945 to 2005. A total of 950 articles were published in this period. The proportion of women serving as first authors increased from 2.8 percent to 36.6 percent and the proportion serving as senior authors increased from 2.8 percent to 23.8 percent (1945-2005).
Nas últimas quatro décadas houve um aumento crescente na participação de mulheres na medicina. Este artigo apresenta a participação de mulheres como autoras de artigos publicados em Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, jornal oficial da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. Foi analisada esta participação em quinquênios, a partir de 1945 até 2005. Foram publicados neste período 950 artigos. A participação de mulheres como primeiro autor apresentou aumento de 2,8 por cento (1945) para 36,6 por cento (2005) e como último autor (chefe de grupo) passou de 2,8 por cento (1945) para 23,8 por cento (2005).
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Autoria , Bibliometria , Neurologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Mulheres , BrasilRESUMO
The dissertation explores the evolution of the Trinidadian and Tobagonian health system from 1939, the beginning of the Second World War, so pivotal to the country's development, to the year of independence from British rule, 1962. It focuses specifically on how the expansion has been facilitated and hindered by colonial forces and has influenced the movement towards independence. This work assesses specifically the changes in morbidity, medical facilities and personnel while examining the relationship of traditionalism and modernity and the external, socio-economic and political influences to ascertain the catalysts and consequences of change in health in Trinidad and Tobago. It establishes the period as the most progressive in health and health care but spotlights the issues of underdevelopment as part of a greater colonial legacy of conformity and resistance. It looks closely at the issue of decolonisation and its role as a catalyst in development in health and medical care, but also as a perpetuating force of dependence, a direct contradiction of this principle. This work establishes the experiences in this sector as a microcosm of the colony's overall state as it evolved from colonialism to independence. The history of health in the Caribbean has been explored mainly as a facet of other prominent historical periods, such as enslavement, or topics, such as economic history. This dissertation establishes the history of health and medicine in the West Indies, and specifically in Trinidad and Tobago, as a significant subject in its own right, providing concrete evidence of its impact in shaping the society and reflecting the challenges and triumphs of a country in transition.