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The purpose of the study is to develop new proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation in the field of conducting remote investigative actions with disabled persons, taking into account their physiological and functional characteristics. Research material and methods: This study is based on an analysis of the norms regarding the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of foreign states that regulate the procedure for conducting remote investigative actions - as well as scientific publications on the research topic in the field of psychology and medicine. An integrated approach involves considering the studied phenomena of communication during an investigative action as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements, i.e., consideration of the issue from the medical, psychological and legal points of view. Situational and systemic types of analysis, complex sociological analysis, diagnostics and forecasting investigative situation were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were employed to clarify the legal essence of the studied phenomenon. Findings: practical recommendations aimed at improving and developing the performance of remote investigative actions involving persons with disabilities (further ­ FWDs) y creating optimal conditions for the transfer of verbal, medical, and psychological information, as well as technical and forensic support for conducting RIAs. The following conclusions were made: in order to improve the current legislation, it is advisable to consider the issue of developing and including a special norm in the legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the communicative competencies of persons with disabilities. This norm regulates the procedure for conducting investigative actions involving the mute, deaf, blind and other persons with disabilities.

El objetivo del estudio es elaborar nuevas propuestas de mejora de la legislación procesal penal en el ámbito de la realización de actuaciones de investigación a distancia con personas con discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta sus características fisiológicas y funcionales. Material y métodos de investigación: Este estudio se basa en un análisis de las normas relativas a la legislación procesal penal de la República de Kazajstán y de una serie de Estados extranjeros que regulan el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación a distancia -, así como publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de investigación en el campo de la psicología y la medicina. Un enfoque integrado implica considerar los fenómenos estudiados de comunicación durante una acción de investigación como un conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependientes, es decir, considerar la cuestión desde los puntos de vista médico, psicológico y jurídico. También se utilizaron los tipos de análisis situacional y sistémico, el análisis sociológico complejo, el diagnóstico y la previsión de la situación de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis y síntesis, inducción, deducción, métodos de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para aclarar la esencia jurídica del fenómeno estudiado. Conclusiones: recomendaciones prácticas destinadas a mejorar y desarrollar la realización de acciones de investigación a distancia en las que participen personas con discapacidad (en adelante - RIA) y crear condiciones óptimas para la transferencia de información verbal, médica y psicológica, así como apoyo técnico y forense para la realización de las RIA. Se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:con el fin de mejorar la legislación actual, es aconsejable considerar la cuestión de desarrollar e incluir una norma especial en la legislación, teniendo en cuenta las características de las competencias comunicativas de las personas con discapacidad. Esta norma regula el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación en las que estén implicadas personas mudas, sordas, ciegas y otras personas con discapacidad.

O objetivo do estudo é desenvolver novas propostas para aprimorar a legislação processual penal no campo da realização de ações investigativas remotas com pessoas com deficiência, levando em conta suas características fisiológicas e funcionais. Material e métodos de pesquisa: Este estudo baseia-se em uma análise das normas relativas à legislação processual penal da República do Cazaquistão e de vários países estrangeiros que regulamentam o procedimento para a realização de ações investigativas remotas, bem como em publicações científicas sobre o tópico de pesquisa no campo da psicologia e da medicina. Uma abordagem integrada envolve a consideração dos fenômenos estudados de comunicação durante uma ação investigativa como um conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependentes, ou seja, a consideração da questão dos pontos de vista médico, psicológico e jurídico. Também foram usados tipos de análise situacional e sistêmica, análise sociológica complexa, diagnóstico e previsão da situação investigativa. Métodos de análise e síntese, indução, dedução, métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa foram empregados para esclarecer a essência legal do fenômeno estudado. Resultados: recomendações práticas com o objetivo de aprimorar e desenvolver o desempenho de ações investigativas remotas envolvendo pessoas com deficiência (mais adiante - FWDs), criando condições ideais para a transferência de informações verbais, médicas e psicológicas, bem como suporte técnico e forense para a realização de RIAs. Foram feitas as seguintes conclusões: para aprimorar a legislação atual, é aconselhável considerar a questão do desenvolvimento e da inclusão de uma norma especial na legislação, levando em conta as características das competências comunicativas das pessoas com deficiência. Essa norma regulamenta o procedimento para conduzir ações investigativas envolvendo pessoas mudas, surdas, cegas e outras pessoas com deficiência.

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This research demonstrates the impact of equitable management as a protective factor against workplace sexual harassment (WSH) and its consequences on labor productivity. It also shows that there are invisible costs for colleagues who witness WSH, through counterproductive behaviors, such as sabotage or production deviance, with an indirect decrease in labor productivity. We used a structured questionnaire that was answered by 827 women from 37 small, medium, and large private companies in the Lima Metropolitan Area, Peru. We designed a conceptual model and tested it using structural covariance equations. The results indicate that 33.5 % of women have been sexually harassed over the last 12 months, an average of 6.6 times, while 18.9 % of women have supported co-workers who were victims of WSH. Being sexually harassed at work decreases labor productivity by 43.1 % and increases the intention to desert the company by 15.2 %. Witnessing WSH increases the intention to drop out by 11.3 % and increases counterproductive behaviors by 39.6 %. We found that equitable management is a preventative factor for WSH. Equitable management not only decreases the probability of the occurrence of WSH by 2.2 times but also-if it exists-reduces its pernicious impact on productivity through various indirect effects. Equitable management can reduce the labor productivity costs caused by WSH by 4.6 times.

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We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study to compare the prevalence of exposure to workplace violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) in 125 female sex workers (FSWs) and 125 age-matched control women working in other professions (non-FSWs) and their children in El Alto, Bolivia. Violence exposure was assessed using the Demographic Health Survey Domestic Violence Module. To determine associations between work type and violence exposure, we conducted multivariate logistic regression. One-third of working mothers experienced sexual IPV, regardless of their profession. FSWs experienced higher rates of severe physical IPV and workplace violence. Children of FSWs were approximately three times more likely to be exposed to violence in the workplace. In Bolivia, strategies to reduce exposure to violence within the home and in FSW workplaces are paramount to minimizing negative impacts on women and their children. These findings have implications for policies to improve education, living wages, and social interventions to prevent and mitigate violence against women and children.

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La rueda de reconocimiento es una diligencia de investigación policial orientada a identificar al autor de un crimen. Se trata de una práctica relativamente frecuente que puede tener como resultado consolidar sospechas o también descartar líneas de investigación. La rueda de reconocimiento suele estar precedida de la exposición de un álbum de fotos y también es frecuente solicitar al mismo testigo que haga una descripción o un retrato robot del atacante. Existen fundadas sospechas de que la concatenación de estas diligencias policiales de identificación desvirtúa la eficacia de la declaración del testigo presencial para elegir al verdadero culpable, en caso de que esté presente en la rueda. También existen algunas controversias con respecto a la fiabilidad de la rueda de reconocimiento en función de la edad del testigo, del número de personas que la conforman, del procedimiento para llevarla a cabo, entre otras. Con el objetivo de acotar la evidencia empírica en torno a estas cuestiones, se presenta una revisión de estudios meta-analíticos y diversos estudios experimentales, desde los cuales se han podido identificar los procedimientos más adecuados para optimizar la eficacia en la precisión de la declaración de los testigos presenciales de un delito en el contexto de una rueda de reconocimiento.

The line-up is a police investigative procedure aimed at identifying the perpetrator of a crime. It is a relatively common practice that can result in consolidating suspicions or ruling out lines of investigation. The identification parade is usually preceded by the exhibition of a photo album and it is also common to ask the same witness to make a description or sketch of the perpetrator. There are strong suspicions that the concatenation of these police identification steps undermines the effectiveness of the eyewitness statement in identifying the real culprit, if present at the line-up. There is also some controversy regarding the reliability of the identification parade, depending on the age of the witness, the number of people involved, the procedure for carrying it out, among others. In order to narrow down the empirical evidence on these issues, a review of meta-analytical studies and various experimental studies is presented, based on which it has been possible to identify the most appropriate procedures to optimise the effectiveness in the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in the context of a line-up.

A roda de reconhecimento é um procedimento de investigação policial que visa identificar o autor de um crime. É uma prática relativamente comum que pode resultar na consolidação de suspeitas ou na exclusão de linhas de investigação. A roda de identificação é geralmente precedida pela exibição de um álbum de fotos e é comum pedir à mesma testemunha que faça uma descrição ou um esboço do autor do crime. Há fortes suspeitas de que a concatenação dessas etapas de identificação policial prejudica a eficácia do depoimento da testemunha ocular na identificação do verdadeiro culpado, se presente nessa fase. Há também alguma controvérsia quanto à confiabilidade da roda de reconhecimento, dependendo da idade da testemunha, do número de pessoas envolvidas, do procedimento para realizá-la, entre outros. A fim de restringir as evidências empíricas sobre essas questões, é apresentada uma revisão de estudos metanalíticos e experimentais, a partir dos quais foi possível identificar os procedimentos mais adequados para otimizar a eficácia na precisão do depoimento de testemunhas oculares no contexto de uma roda de reconhecimento.

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O presente artigo parte da indagação sobre o que é o pai, ser vivente, na atualidade. Aliado a dois produtos culturais como recurso ilustrativo, uma música francesa e seu videoclipe, este trabalho objetiva discutir a relação entre a masculinidade e a paternidade, bem como os efeitos do contemporâneo em uma e outra. Para isso, percorre-se alguns escritos de Lacan, além de trabalhos de comentadores freudo-lacanianos. Ao final, depreende-se que a paternidade é constituída pela adoção de um filho, ou seja, é um ato simbólico. O pai, ainda que abalado por um discurso que não sustenta sua função, persiste, mas é convocado e comparece de um modo diferente: o pai-testemunha, aquele que dando mostras de seu desejo, toca o desejo do filho.

Father's refined action: The present article starts from the question about what the father is, as living being, nowadays. By using two cultural products as a illustrative resource, a French music and its videoclip, this work aims discuss the relation between the masculinity and the fatherhood, as well as the effects of contemporary thought on both. In order to achieve this, it goes through some of Lacan's writings, alongside freud-lacanian commentators' works. In the end, it appears that fatherhood is constituted by the adoption of a son, this is, a symbolic act. The father, although shaken by a discourse that does not support his function, persists, but yet summoned and attending in a different way: the father-witness, the one who showing his desire, touches the son's desire.

Revista aSEPHallus de Orientação LacanianaNúcleo Sephora de Pesquisa sobre o Moderno e o ContemporâneoISSN 1809 -709 XRevista aSEPHallus de Orientação Lacaniana. Rio de Janeiro, 16(31), 52-68, nov. 2020 a abr. 2021.A fina ação do pai53Jacqueline Danielle Pereira, João Luiz Leitão Paravidini & Anamaria Silva NevesL'action raffinée du père: Cet article part de la question de savoir ce qu'est le père, l'être vivant, dans l'époque actuelle. À l'aide de deux produits culturels utilisés comme ressources illustratives, une chanson française et son vidéoclip,ce travail vise discuter de la relation entre la masculinité et la paternité, ainsi que les effets du contemporain sur les deux. Pour cela, il passe par certains écrits de Lacan, et aussi par des travaux de commentateurs freud-lacaniens. Après tout, il semble que la paternité soit constituée par l'adoption d'un fils, c'est-à-dire un acte symbolique. Le père, bien que secoué par un discours qui ne supporte pas sa fonction, persiste, mais il est convoqué et assiste d'une manière différente: le père-témoin, celui qui, manifestant son désir, touche le désir du fils.

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Este artigo tem como objetos o Programa Estadual de Proteção a Vítimas e Testemunhas Ameaçadas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e sua relação com a importância do testemunho para a produção de provas judiciais. Com base em um referencial foucaultiano, busca-se interrogar as condições de possibilidade de emergência dessa política pública nos moldes pelos quais é concebida e pensar sobre as racionalidades de Estado que produzem efeitos no governo das vidas que tal programa intenciona proteger. É utilizado como disparador para a discussão o filme "Quanto vale ou é por quilo?", tratado como materialidade questionadora da lógica de mercado introduzida nas políticas públicas executadas pelo chamado "Terceiro Setor". Em uma análise das formas de execução das políticas públicas, é problematizada a importância de se romper a lógica mercantilista imbuída nesse processo, em especial, a dos programas de proteção às testemunhas, como uma função ético-política da Psicologia.

The objects of this study are the State Victim Witness Assistance Program in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and its relation to the importance of testimony to bring forth legal evidence. The conditions for the emergence of the public policy as devised are questioned on the basis of a Foucauldian framework. The State rationalities which have produced effects on the handling of the lives that the program is intended to protect are also pondered over. The movie "Quanto vale ou é por quilo?" [How much or it’s per kilo?] has been used as a trigger in this discussion, adressed as the materiality that questions the market logic introduced by the so-called Third Sector. Examining the ways of implementation of public policies, the importance of disrupting the mercantilist logic in this process has also been put into question, particularly that which concerns witness protection programs, as a Psychology political-ethical role.

Este artículo mantiene su enfoque en el Programa Estatal de Protección de Víctimas y Testigos Amenazados del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul y su relación con la importancia del testimonio para la producción de pruebas judiciales. Desde una referencia foucaultiana, se busca investigar las condiciones de posibilidad para la emergencia de esa política pública según está concebida, además de pensar sobre las racionalidades del Estado que producen efectos en el gobierno de las vidas que el programa intenta proteger. Se utilizó como disparador de esta discusión la película "¿Quanto vale ou é por quilo?", comprendida como una materialidad cuestionadora de la lógica de mercado introducida en las políticas públicas ejecutadas por el llamado "Tercer Sector". En el análisis de las formas de ejecución de las políticas públicas, se cuestiona la importancia de romper con la lógica mercantilista inherente a este proceso, en particular la de los programas de protección a testigos, como una función ético-política de la psicología.

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Lung transplantation is a life-saving alternative for patients with end-stage lung disease. The procedure itself has a high risk of bleeding. Jehovah's Witness patients refuse to accept blood products due to religious beliefs. A 48-year-old Jehovah's Witness woman presented with an 8-year history of cough, dyspnea along with progressive worsening of her functional class and quality of life. A diagnosis of autoimmune interstitial lung disease was made, for which cyclophosphamide was administered without improvement of symptoms, and the patient was accepted as a transplant candidate. Transplantation was performed without complications, nor blood products requirement, intraoperative cell salvage was performed, and pharmacological agents were used preoperatively for bleeding prevention. The patient only developed anemia after administration of immunosuppressor therapy, which was treated with erythropoietin in the outpatient setting.

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Las cirugías de cabeza y cuello presentan un alto riesgo de sangrado que puede significar el uso de transfusiones sanguíneas. Existen casos en las que éstas son rechazadas, como sucede con los Testigos de Jehová. Se expone el caso de una paciente Testigo de Jehová con un tumor rinosinusal con alto riesgo de sangrado que consultó por epistaxis recurrente. Se evidencia un tumor ocluyendo la fosa nasal derecha de aspecto vascular a la rinoscopía y la tomografía computarizada. Múltiples aferencias de la arteria esfenopalatina y etmoidales se observaron en una angiografía cerebral. Previo a la resección, se embolizó la arteria maxilar. Durante la cirugía, se contó con un sistema de recuperación de sangre autóloga, hemodilución e infusión de ácido tranexámico. Se ligó la arteria etmoidal anterior derecha vía externa con apoyo endoscópico y luego se resecó el tumor vía endoscópica. La biopsia reveló un carcinoma sinonasal escamoso. Existen alternativas terapéuticas en pacientes que rechacen el uso de hemoderivados. Destacan medidas preoperatorias como la embolización endovascular, intraoperatorias como el uso de agentes hemostáticos, técnicas quirúrgicas y anestésicas. Es importante analizar todas las opciones disponibles de forma multidisciplinara y junto con el paciente, para determinar la conducta más adecuada a seguir.

Head and neck surgeries have a high risk of bleeding, and therefore could require the use of blood transfusions. There are cases for which blood transfusions are not an acceptable option, as is the case for Jehovah's Witnesses. We present the case of a Jehovah's Witness with a sinonasal tumor with a high risk of bleeding, who presented with recurrent epistaxis. Rhinoscopy and computed tomography revealed a vascular-like tumor occluding the right nasal cavity. Cerebral angiography showed afferents of the sphenopalatine and ethmoidal arteries leading to the tumor. Prior to the resection, the maxillary artery was embolized. During surgery, we relied on an autologous blood recovery system, hemodilution and tranexamic acid. Right anterior ethmoidal artery ligation was performed by an endoscopic assisted external approach. The tumor was resected endoscopically The biopsy revealed a squamous sinonasal carcinoma. There are therapeutic alternatives for patients who cannot receive blood products. There are preoperative measures such as endovascular embolization, intraoperative measures such as the use of hemostatic agents and specific surgical or anesthetic techniques. It's important to analyze all of the available options in a multidisciplinary team approach, and to take into consideration the patient's preferences, in order to determine the best surgical conduct.

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used to treat many malignant and nonmalignant hematologic conditions; however, the use of HSCT in patients who refuse blood transfusions has rarely been described in the literature, and no data have been published concerning haploidentical HSCT without the use of blood products. The aim of this study is to describe the experience of a Brazilian group in performing 21 HSCTs without the use of blood components in the first 100 days after transplantation, which is the period corresponding to the greatest risk of toxicity for this procedure. We developed 21 HSCTs without transfusion support in 19 patients admitted to 2 Brazilian transplantation centers. The patients were subjected to stem cell mobilization and different conditioning regimens. No mortality related to the procedure occurred among the transplant recipients. The global survival rate after 100 days, which is the period related to the immediate toxicity of HSCT, was 94.7%, and the median duration of follow-up was 980 days, with an overall survival rate of 68.4%. Thus, refusal of blood transfusion is not an absolute contraindication for HSCT. This therapy is feasible in specific situations when the patient clearly expresses a desire to avoid blood transfusions and when favorable clinical conditions are achievable with strict, specialized medical monitoring.

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BACKGROUND: Cardiac hemangiomas are rare cardiac neoplasia usually diagnosed in autopsies, from being asymptomatic to debuting with sudden death. The largest hemangioma published in the literature is of 130 mm size, we present the following case of a successful cardiac hemangioma excision of 280 × 35 mm in size, diagnosed due to recurrent cardiac symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old female patient, Jehovah's Witness, with no previous diagnoses, is admitted due to recurrent syncopal episodes in the previous months. A transthoracic echocardiogram diagnosed a tumor in the right atrium and inferior vena cava producing a diastolic right ventricular, with preservation of the left ventricular ejection fraction at 55%. Given the high mortality risk, a surgical intervention was performed immediately. Successful excision was completed confirming a 280 × 35 mm mass without any complications, consistent with hemangioma on histopathology. Postoperative recovery showed no recurrence or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac hemangiomas are rare and its clinical course can be varied from patient to patient. We present excision of a large cardiac mass with a high mortality risk due to its size and the patient's spiritual beliefs.

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Social justice tends to be narrowly defined as equality without due recognition of human dignity and respect for those whose daily lives continue to be adversely impacted by race. This article seeks to explore key issues and challenges at the intersection of social justice and race for couple and family therapy. These include: (a) defining social justice; (b) diversity and inclusion; (c) power and privilege; (d) witness; and (e) personal responsibility.

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The introduction of frontal airbags and seatbelt pretensioners for front seat occupants provided an opportunity to address injuries caused by seatbelt loading by introducing load-limiters, which were intended to reduce belt loading while maintaining proper restraint. Investigation and forensic analysis of real-world crashes identified that the implementation of these devices, in some circumstances, increased the potential of injury. This paper focuses on the trade-offs of load-limiters, that is, the reduction loading to the occupant versus the corresponding increase in seatbelt webbing and occupant movement. If the additional webbing introduced is not controlled, the risk of injury to the occupant is increased and could result in more frequent and severe injuries rather than a reduction. This paper quantifies the webbing introduced by load-limiter activation through forensic analysis of the seatbelt involved in real-world crashes and testing and assesses its effect on the injuries sustained by the occupant.

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The dentists' main job is to restore health and function to the oral cavity. However, dental professionals can also be involved in medico legal activities as forensic odontologists or by being Expert Witnesses (EW) to testify in professional liability cases, car accidents and work-related injuries. When called to act as an expert witness by the Court, the appointed dentist has to combine both biological and technical knowledge with equivalent medico-legal and forensic knowledge. Spontaneous involvement in medico-legal matters without an adequate training and experience can lead to mistakes with irreversible consequences. As an expert witness, the dentist has precise responsibility with civil and/or penal consequences, depending on the national judicial system. Dental Expert Witness, working either privately or appointed by the Court, has defined responsibilities and is subjected to civil or criminal proceedings (depending on the judicial system) if found wanting. Keeping in mind that there are significant differences regarding the requirements of becoming eligible to be a Dental Expert Witness in different legal systems. In this work the authors investigated the Judicial Systems regarding the appointment of Dental Expert Witnesses in Brazil, Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom (Table 1), in order to marshal knowledge towards harmonization and the attainment of best practice. This premise acknowledges the fact that forensic odontology must encompass the necessity for robust systems of audit and accreditation for it to be accepted as an "evidence based" forensic discipline. Further steps to ensure quality assurance in legal dentistry and forensic odontology training should be considered to prevent the spontaneous involvement of inappropriately trained dentists to become involved in making decisions that are beyond their competence and expertise.

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While there have been important advances within wireless communication technology, the provision of communication support during disaster relief activities remains an open issue. The literature in disaster research reports several major restrictions to conducting first response activities in urban areas, given the limitations of telephone networks and radio systems to provide digital communication in the field. In search-and-rescue operations, the communication requirements are increased, since the first responders need to rely on real-time and reliable communication to perform their activities and coordinate their efforts with other teams. Therefore, these limitations open the door to improvisation during disaster relief efforts. In this paper, we argue that flying ad-hoc networks can provide the communication support needed in these scenarios, and propose a new solution towards that goal. The proposal involves the use of flying witness units, implemented using drones, that act as communication gateways between first responders working at different locations of the affected area. The proposal is named the Flying Real-Time Network, and its feasibility to provide communication in a disaster scenario is shown by presenting both a real-time schedulability analysis of message delivery, as well as simulations of the communication support in a physical scenario inspired by a real incident. The obtained results were highly positive and consistent, therefore this proposal represents a step forward towards the solution of this open issue.

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El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo analizar el tratamiento que el ámbito jurídico realiza sobre el testigo en las causas por crímenes de lesa humanidad en la Argentina. Con este fin se llevará a cabo un recorrido histórico, a partir de la teoría de Foucault, sobre los modos de proceder del ámbito de la justicia desde la Grecia antigua hasta la actualidad, para situar aquellos determinantes que no sólo estructuran el devenir de los juicios ­en algunos casos provocando su interrupción, como sucediera a partir de las leyes del perdón en nuestro país­, sino que a su vez presentan un especial modo de alojamiento y constitución del testigo durante las audiencias, que inevitablemente genera efectos en el mismo a nivel subjetivo. Por ello, repasaremos también el rol que el ámbito de la psicología cumple actualmente en la planificación de estrategias psicojurídicas efectivas, que logren acompañar a aquellos que prestan su voz y su cuerpo para el desenvolvimiento de las causas a nivel jurídico.

The present paper aims to analyze the treatment held over the witness in trials for crimes against humanity in Argentina. With this purpose, we will conduct an historical review around Foucault's theory, to focus on the juridical field patterns since ancient Greece to this day, in order to situate certain determinants which structure the judicial practice not only on the result of the causes ­and ultimately on their interruption, as seen in Argentina with the commonly named "laws of forgiveness"­ but also on a singular way of accommodation and constitution of the witness during the audiences, which inevitably generates subjective effects. For that reason, we will also review the current role of the psychology field with respect to planning effective psycho-juridical strategies to assist those witnesses who lend their voice and body for the development of the trials.

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El siguiente artículo se propone revisitar algunos conceptos teóricos referidos a la noción de psicosis tal como fueran definidos en algunos tramos de la obra de Freud y Lacan. Comprende, asimismo, algunos trazos sobre abordajes posibles de la clínica de la psicosis, atendiendo al posicionamiento que se puede extraer del recorrido teórico.

The following article it proposes to re-visit some theoretical concepts referred to the notion of psychosis as they were defined in some sections of the work of Freud and Lacan. He understands, likewise, some outlines on possible boardings of the clinic of the psychosis, attending to the positioning that it is possible to extract from the theoretical tour.

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Saudi Arabia (SA), an oil rich developing country with a population of 31 million people, yet only 33% of whom are Saudis. Wealth, work opportunities and religious status make SA a hub for people from around the world whether it be through legal or illegal routs. As a developing country, SA faces many challenges in regard to mass disasters in light of its underdeveloped infrastructure and the annual Haj (Islamic pilgrimage) that attracts nearly 3 million people in a small area over a short period of time. Moreover, the numbers of unregistered births is high. These factors necessitate the importance of having a strong human identification and age estimation practice. Aim: To assess the reality of Forensic Odontology in Saudi Arabia in regard to: number of personnel and their training, number of forensic odontology cases and the way these cases are referred and documented. Materials and Methods: This project consisted of two parts: Observational study to assess how the system works in regard to forensic odontology cases, how these cases are dealt with and how they are referred. Part two: Cross-sectional survey aimed at all registered Forensic personnel to assess their qualifications, training, level of expertise, expert witness experience and involvement in specialized Forensic Odontology cases, namely: human identification, age estimation and bite mark analysis. Results: Out of 51 participants, only one dentist is registered with some form of Forensic training, 42 have a medical background, 39 of whom received medical Forensic training. Looking at forensic odontology in particular, only 11 out of 51 have had Forensic Odontology training. Participants who don't have any training in Forensic Odontology, yet have worked on cases that required Forensic Odontology training, were 37 on age estimation cases, 27 on bite mark analysis and 36 on human identification cases. There are no designated programs on Forensic Odontology in Saudi Arabia, nor is there a Forensic Odontology entity. There are no clear national guidelines or protocols to personnel when dealing with forensic cases and no detailed forms that documents oral findings. Conclusion: There is no solid Forensic Odontology system in Saudi Arabia that is objective, preserves the integrity of the law and protects human rights. There are many areas that can be improved to achieve that aim and a list of recommendations is presented.

Arábia Saudita, um país desenvolvido e rico em petróleo, com uma população de 31 milhões de habitantes, onde apenas 33% das pessoas são sauditas. Riqueza, oportunidades de trabalho e situação religiosa faz do país um centro de atração para pessoas de todo o mundo, tanto por rotas legais como ilegais. Como um país em desenvolvimento, enfrenta muitos desafios relacionados a desastres em massa em virtude de uma infraestrutura subdesenvolvida e o Haj anual (peregrinação islâmica) que atrai aproximadamente 3 milhões de pessoas em uma pequena área durante um curto período de tempo. Além disso, o número de nascimentos não registrado é alto. Nesse sentido, todos esses fatores reforçam a importância de um sistema de identificação humana e estimativa de idade eficientes. Objetivos: Avaliar a realidade da Odontologia Legal na Arábia Saudita em relação à equipes e treinamento que recebem, número de casos envolvendo a Odontologia Legal e como esses casos são conduzidos e documentados. Material e Métodos: a metodologia consistiu em dois momentos ­ estudo observacional para avaliar como o sistema funciona com relação a casos envolvendo a Odontologia Legal, como esses casos são conduzidos, analisados e referenciados. Em outro momento, um estudo focado em todo o pessoal de área pericial para avaliar sua formação e qualificação profissional, treinamento, experiência e envolvimento com casos de Odontologia Legal envolvendo identificação humana, estimativa de idade e análise de marcas de mordida. Resultados: dos 51 participantes, apenas um cirurgião-dentista está registrado com algum treinamento forense, 42 têm formação médica, dos quais 39 receberam treinamento forense na área médica. Analisando a Odontologia Legal, de maneira particular, somente 11 dos 51 participantes tiveram treinamento em Odontologia Legal. Dos participantes que não tiveram nenhum treinamento em Odontologia Legal, mas trabalharam em casos que necessitavam de tal especialidade, 37 foram casos de estimativa de idade, 27 casos de marcas de mordida e 36 casos de identificação humana. Na Arábia Saudita não há nenhum programa voltado para a Odontologia Legal e nenhuma entidade oficial nessa especialidade. Não há protocolos claros para as equipes forenses quando envolvidas em casos odontolegais, bem como formulários para achados odontológicos. Conclusão: Não há um sistema estruturado em Odontologia Legal na Arábia Saudita que seja objetivo, juridicamente embasado e que proteja os direitos humanos. Há muitas áreas que precisam ser melhoradas a fim de atingir a lista de recomendações apresentada.

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Abstract Adolescence is considered as a stage of the vital cycle, in which there is greater vulnerability to be exposed to both direct (being a victim) and indirect violence (being a witness or hearing about violent acts). This study investigated the exposure to direct and indirect violence (dependent variables), in relation to associated independent variables (gender, age range, school failure and family configuration), in 426 adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, from public schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument "Screening of the exposure of children to violence in the community" were used. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) indicated that 65% of the participants were exposed to at least one episode of direct violence, while 97% of them were exposed to indirect violence; and that both exposures were more frequent in adolescents from 16 to 18 years old (p<0.001) who had a history of school failure (p<0.02). Emphasis is given to the need for further studies that investigate factors associated to indirect violence and the impact of this type of exposure in development, in addition to prevention and intervention public policies in the area of violence toward children and adolescents.

Resumen La adolescencia es considerada una etapa del ciclo vital en la que existe mayor vulnerabilidad a la exposición a violencia directa (ser víctima) e indirecta (ser testigo o escuchar acerca de actos violentos). En el presente estudio se investigó la exposición a la violencia directa e indirecta (variables dependientes) en relación con variables asociadas como sexo, edad, reprobación escolar y configuración familiar, en 426 adolescentes de entre 12 y 18 años de edad, estudiantes de colegios públicos de la ciudad de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el instrumento (Evaluación de la exposición de niños a la violencia en la comunidad). Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales (test de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall Wallis), los cuales mostraron que 65% de los participantes estuvieron expuestos por lo menos una vez a un episodio de violencia directa, y 97% a violencia indirecta; ambas exposiciones fueron más frecuentes en adolescentes de 16 a 18 años (p < .001) que presentaban fracaso escolar (p < .002). Se destaca la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios en los que se investiguen factores asociados a la violencia indirecta y el impacto de este tipo de exposición en el desarrollo y en las políticas públicas de prevención e intervención en el área de la violencia infantil y juvenil.

Resumo A adolescência é considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual há maior vulnerabilidade para exposição à violência tanto direta (ser a própria vítima), quanto indireta (ser testemunha ou ouvir falar). Este estudo investigou a exposição à violência direta e indireta (variáveis dependentes), assim como variáveis independentes associadas (sexo, faixa etária, reprovação escolar e configuração familiar), em 426 adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de Porto Alegre, no Brasil. Foi utilizada uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e o instrumento "Triagem da exposição de crianças à violência na comunidade". Análises descritivas e inferenciais (testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis) indicaram que 65% dos participantes foram expostos a, pelo menos, um episódio de violência direta, enquanto 97% foram expostos à violência indireta; que ambas as exposições foram mais frequentes em adolescentes de 16 a 18 anos (p<0,001) e que apresentaram reprovação escolar (p<0,02). Destaca-se a necessidade de novos estudos que investiguem fatores associados à violência indireta e o impacto deste tipo de exposição no desenvolvimento, além de políticas públicas de prevenção e intervenção na área da violência infanto-juvenil.

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The aim of this article is to think of the place of the witness as a third place that the analyst, in the clinical space of trauma, is able to sustain. According to Ferenczi, in traumatic dreams a third is already being summoned. It is not the witness of the realm of law, nor the place of the father or the symbolic law. This is a third space that can be called potential, interstitial space, indeterminate and formless, where something that at first would be incommunicable circulates and gradually takes shape. This space allows and supports the literalness of a testimonial narrative, its hesitations, paradoxes and silences. More than a trauma theory, the notion of a potential space would be the great contribution of psychoanalysis to the treatment of trauma survivors, establishing the difference between the task of a psychoanalyst and the one of a truth commission.

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