RESUMO

Abstract The present study was aimed to manifest the antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Salix alba L. against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. aureus (2), Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli (1), E. coli (2) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and three fungal isolates from the air such as Aspergillus terreus, A. ornatus, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Two different serotypes of S. aureus and E. coli were used. The agar well-diffusion method results showed the dose-dependent response of plant extracts against bacterial and fungal strains while some organisms were found resistant e.g. E. coli (1), S. sonnei, A. terreus and R. stolonifer. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded at 17.000±1.732 mm from 100 mg/mL of leaves methanolic extracts against S. pyogenes while the activity of most of the pathogens decreased after 24 h of incubation. The highest antifungal activity was reported at 11.833±1.0 mm against A. ornatus at 50 mg/mL after 48 h of the incubation period. These experimental findings endorse the use of S. alba in ethnopharmacological formulations and suggest the use of methanolic extracts of the said plant to develop drugs to control the proliferation of resistant disease causing pathogenic microbes.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo manifestar a atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica de extratos metanólicos de Salix alba L. contra sete patógenos bacterianos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. aureus (2), Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli (1), E. coli (2) e Neisseria gonorrhoeae e três isolados de fungos do ar, como Aspergillus terreus, A. ornatus, e Rhizopus stolonifer. Dois sorotipos diferentes de S. aureus e E. coli foram usados. Os resultados do método de difusão em ágar mostraram a resposta dependente da dose de extratos de plantas contra cepas de bactérias e fungos, enquanto alguns organismos foram considerados resistentes, e.g. E. coli (1), S. sonnei, A. terreus e R. stolonifer. A maior atividade antibacteriana foi registrada em 17.000 ± 1.732 de 100 mg/mL de extratos metanólicos de folhas contra S. pyogenes, enquanto a atividade da maioria dos patógenos diminuiu após 24 h de incubação. A maior atividade antifúngica foi relatada em 11,833 ± 1,0 contra A. ornatus a 50 mg/mL após 48 h do período de incubação. Esses achados experimentais endossam o uso de S. alba em formulações etnofarmacológicas e sugerem o uso de extratos metanólicos da referida planta para o desenvolvimento de fármacos que controlem a proliferação de doenças resistentes que causam micróbios patogênicos.

RESUMO

Abstract The present study was aimed to manifest the antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Salix alba L. against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. aureus (2), Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli (1), E. coli (2) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and three fungal isolates from the air such as Aspergillus terreus, A. ornatus, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Two different serotypes of S. aureus and E. coli were used. The agar well-diffusion method results showed the dose-dependent response of plant extracts against bacterial and fungal strains while some organisms were found resistant e.g. E. coli (1), S. sonnei, A. terreus and R. stolonifer. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded at 17.000±1.732 mm from 100 mg/mL of leaves methanolic extracts against S. pyogenes while the activity of most of the pathogens decreased after 24 h of incubation. The highest antifungal activity was reported at 11.833±1.0 mm against A. ornatus at 50 mg/mL after 48 h of the incubation period. These experimental findings endorse the use of S. alba in ethnopharmacological formulations and suggest the use of methanolic extracts of the said plant to develop drugs to control the proliferation of resistant disease causing pathogenic microbes.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo manifestar a atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica de extratos metanólicos de Salix alba L. contra sete patógenos bacterianos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. aureus (2), Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli (1), E. coli (2) e Neisseria gonorrhoeae e três isolados de fungos do ar, como Aspergillus terreus, A. ornatus, e Rhizopus stolonifer. Dois sorotipos diferentes de S. aureus e E. coli foram usados. Os resultados do método de difusão em ágar mostraram a resposta dependente da dose de extratos de plantas contra cepas de bactérias e fungos, enquanto alguns organismos foram considerados resistentes, e.g. E. coli (1), S. sonnei, A. terreus e R. stolonifer. A maior atividade antibacteriana foi registrada em 17.000 ± 1.732 de 100 mg/mL de extratos metanólicos de folhas contra S. pyogenes, enquanto a atividade da maioria dos patógenos diminuiu após 24 h de incubação. A maior atividade antifúngica foi relatada em 11,833 ± 1,0 contra A. ornatus a 50 mg/mL após 48 h do período de incubação. Esses achados experimentais endossam o uso de S. alba em formulações etnofarmacológicas e sugerem o uso de extratos metanólicos da referida planta para o desenvolvimento de fármacos que controlem a proliferação de doenças resistentes que causam micróbios patogênicos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Salix alba (white willow) bark extract is widely used for conditions associated with inflammation, fever, microbial infection or pain. Exposure of human cultured leukocytes to S. alba in vitro noted a genotoxic response. However, data regarding the influence of this bark extract on DNA damage in vivo are lacking. The main goal of this study was to examine the potential of S.alba bark extract to induce DNA damage and chromosome aberrations in an in vivo model using cells obtained from male Swiss albino mice administered the compound orally. The extract was administered by oral gavage daily for 7 days at doses of 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg b.w. Genotoxicity analysis was performed using the comet assay on peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as liver, bone marrow, heart, and testicular cells collected 4 hr after the last treatment and the micronucleus (MN) test on bone marrow cells. In essence cells were collected 28 hr after the penultimate treatment Data demonstrated that S. alba bark extract did not induce significant DNA damage in any cell types examined, or clastogenic/aneugenic effects as detected by the MN test at the three tested doses. Under these experimental conditions, evidence indicates that S.alba bark extract did not initiate genotoxic or chromosome aberrations in various mouse cells investigated.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the evapotranspiration (EVP) rate of the willow species Salix humboldtiana to be used as a plant species for evapotranspirative willow system (EWS) to treat domestic wastewater in highland climate conditions in Latin America. Twelve lysimeters were installed in Bogotá, Colombia (2,600 m.a.s.l.). Two parameters were evaluated to determine the effect on EVP rate as follows: (a) the plant's age at the plantation time (one year or six months), and (b) the type of water (domestic wastewater or fertilized water). The plant's age was the most important parameter influencing the EVP rate. In addition, the growth of plants was similar (p > 0.05) between individuals irrigated with domestic wastewater and fertilized water. Thus, Salix humboldtiana over one-year-old was recommended to be used in EWS because its EVP rate of 1456 mm y-1, can treat 372 mm y-1 of domestic wastewater under the highland climate conditions. Finally, one EWS planted with Salix humboldtiana to treat domestic wastewater for a Colombian family located in these climate conditions would need an area of 400 m2. This value for area, although similar to other parts of the world, is higher when considering the solar radiation in tropical or sub-tropical climate conditions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Salix alba (SA), commonly known as white willow, is a plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of chronic and acute inflammation, infection, pain, and fever. The phytochemical characterization of the bark extract of this plant indicated that its main component is salicin, a precursor of the anti-inflammatory agent acetylsalicylic acid. Considering the lack of studies evaluating the genetic toxicity and cytotoxic action of SA bark extract on human cells, as well as the chemical characterization of its major phenolic compounds, the present study was designed to (1) investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SA bark extract on human peripheral leukocyte cells and human hepatoma cell line HepG2, and (2) characterize its major phenolic constituents. The phenolic compounds found were salicylic acid, salicin, salidroside, saligenin, tremulodin, salicoylsalicin, salicortin, and tremulacin. The results using trypan blue staining test showed viability decreases (viability less than 70%) for concentrations of SA extract equal and higher to 200 µg/ml. Low genotoxic activity (comet assay) was exhibited for 50 and 100 µg/ml SA extract in human leukocytes. SA did not exert a marked clastogenic/aneugenic effect on leukocytes and HepG2 human cells. Data suggest that the genotoxic effects of SA bark extract occur when it is not metabolized by liver enzymes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: la caspa se define como una descamación excesiva del cuero cabelludo, en general acompañada de prurito. Su etiología es multifactorial y depende de la presencia de levaduras del género Malassezia, de la producción de sebo y de la susceptibilidad individual. Más allá de los tratamientos tradicionales para controlar la caspa, existen nuevas formulaciones que pueden incluir queratolíticos como el ácido salicílico, el climbazol, que además de agente antimicótico presenta potenciales propiedades antiproteolíticas o el terpineol, antimicótico de amplio espectro con acción antiinflamatoria. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio, consistió en evaluar el efecto sobre la caspa grasa de un champú con terpineol, extracto de sauce, ácido salicílico, climbazol y lipoaminoácido seborregulador y de una loción con terpineol, ácido salicílico, climbazol y glucósidos del extracto de roble y té verde. Se evaluó igualmente la eficacia sobre la caspa seca de un champú con terpineol, extracto de sauce, ácido salicílico y climbazol. Se realizaron una visita inicial (T0), otra al finalizar tratamiento (T28) y una final (T42), para evaluar la eventual reaparición de la caspa una vez suspendido el tratamiento. Material y Método: estudio unicéntrico abierto, no aleatorizado, a simple ciego, de 42 días de duración, llevado a cabo en 78 pacientes con caspa grasa o seca. Se clasificó la gravedad de la caspa en 4 grados. Según el tipo de caspa y su grado, se administraron un champú para caspa grasa (A), un champú para caspa seca (B), una loción para caspa grasa (C) o un champú neutro (D). Se establecieron 4 grupos de tratamiento en función del producto asignado (A, B, AC y CD). Resultados: un 59% de los participantes fueron mujeres y un 41% varones. La edad media fue de 47 años (rango 20-72). Del total de pacientes: 20 presentaron caspa grasa en grado medio-bajo (grupo A), 20 caspa seca en cualquier grado (grupo B), 17 caspa grasa en grado elevado (grupo AC) y 21 caspa grasa en grado medio-alto (grupo CD). Al cabo de cuatro semanas de tratamiento, el grado de caspa se redujo vs. basal en ≥70% de los casos en todos los grupos. Estas cifras ascendieron, en los pacientes con caspa grasa, a un 70% (grado bajo-medio), un 76,2% (grado medio-alto) y un 88,2% (grado elevado); el efecto fue más notable en aquellos con caspa seca, donde la cifra fue del 90%. La eliminación de la caspa fue completa en el 78,5%, 62,5%, 47% y 44,4% de ellos, respectivamente. Una vez transcurridas las dos semanas de lavado posterior al tratamiento, el nivel de caspa siguió descendiendo en un 55% de los pacientes tratados con el champú A, un 57,1% de los que emplearon la loción C, el 58,8% de los que usaron el champú A + la loción C, y el 35% de los que recibieron el champú B. Se declararon satisfechos o muy satisfechos con el producto un 70% de los pacientes del grupo A, un 80% del grupo B, un 66,7% del grupo CD y un 70,6% del grupo AD. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, orientan acerca de la eficacia frente a la caspa grasa y la caspa seca de dos champúes y una loción basados en terpineol, ácido salicílico y climbazol. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales que amplíen los resultados en este campo.(AU)

Introduction: dandruff is defined as excessive flaking of the scalp accompanied by itching. The etiology is multifactorial and depends on the presence of Malassezia yeasts, sebum production and individual susceptibility. Beyond traditional treatments to control dandruff, there are new formulations that may include keratolytics such as salicylic acid; climbazole, an antifungal agent which potential antiproteolytic properties, or terpineol, broad-spectrum antifungal with antiinflammatory action. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on seborrheic dandruff of a shampoo with terpineol, willow extract, salicylic acid, climbazole and sebum-regulating lipoaminoacid, and a lotion with terpineol, salicylic acid, climbazole and glycosides from oak and green tea extract. Effectiveness on dry dandruff of a shampoo containing terpineol, willow extract, salicylic acid and climbazole was also evaluated. Three study visits were performed (T0, T28 and T42). Methods: single-center, open, non-randomized, single-blind, 42-day study conducted in 78 patients with seborrheic or dry dandruff. Dandruff severity was classified into 4 grades. A shampoo for oily dandruff (A), a shampoo for dry dandruff (B), a lotion for oily dandruff (C) and a neutral shampoo (D) were administered. Four treatment groups were established according to the assigned treatment (A, B, AC and CD). Results: 59% of participants were women and 41% men. The average age was 47 years (range 20-72). Of the total patients, 20 had medium-low oily dandruff (group A), 20 dry dandruff at any level (group B), 17 severe oily dandruff (AC) and 21 medium-high oily dandruff (group CD). After four weeks of treatment the severity of dandruff was reduced vs. baseline in ≥70% of cases in all groups; for oily dandruff results were 70% (low-medium grade), 76.2% (medium-high) and 88.2% (high level); the effect was most marked in patients with dry dandruff (90%). Dandruff removal was complete in 78.5%, 62.5%, 47% and 44.4% of them, respectively. Two weeks after having suspended the treatment, dandruff level continued to decline in 55% of patients treated with shampoo A, 57.1% of those who used the lotion C, 58.8% of patients who used shampoo A + lotion C, and 35% of those receiving shampoo B. Seventy per cent of patients in group A, 80% in group B, 66.7% of the CD group and 70.6% of the AD group were satisfied or very satisfied with the study treatments. Conclusions: the results obtained in this study suggest the effectiveness against oily and dry dandruff of two shampoos and a lotion based on terpineol, salicylic acid and climbazole. Further research to extend the results in this field is required.(AU)

RESUMO

Introducción: la caspa se define como una descamación excesiva del cuero cabelludo, en general acompañada de prurito. Su etiología es multifactorial y depende de la presencia de levaduras del género Malassezia, de la producción de sebo y de la susceptibilidad individual. Más allá de los tratamientos tradicionales para controlar la caspa, existen nuevas formulaciones que pueden incluir queratolíticos como el ácido salicílico, el climbazol, que además de agente antimicótico presenta potenciales propiedades antiproteolíticas o el terpineol, antimicótico de amplio espectro con acción antiinflamatoria. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio, consistió en evaluar el efecto sobre la caspa grasa de un champú con terpineol, extracto de sauce, ácido salicílico, climbazol y lipoaminoácido seborregulador y de una loción con terpineol, ácido salicílico, climbazol y glucósidos del extracto de roble y té verde. Se evaluó igualmente la eficacia sobre la caspa seca de un champú con terpineol, extracto de sauce, ácido salicílico y climbazol. Se realizaron una visita inicial (T0), otra al finalizar tratamiento (T28) y una final (T42), para evaluar la eventual reaparición de la caspa una vez suspendido el tratamiento. Material y Método: estudio unicéntrico abierto, no aleatorizado, a simple ciego, de 42 días de duración, llevado a cabo en 78 pacientes con caspa grasa o seca. Se clasificó la gravedad de la caspa en 4 grados. Según el tipo de caspa y su grado, se administraron un champú para caspa grasa (A), un champú para caspa seca (B), una loción para caspa grasa (C) o un champú neutro (D). Se establecieron 4 grupos de tratamiento en función del producto asignado (A, B, AC y CD). Resultados: un 59% de los participantes fueron mujeres y un 41% varones. La edad media fue de 47 años (rango 20-72). Del total de pacientes: 20 presentaron caspa grasa en grado medio-bajo (grupo A), 20 caspa seca en cualquier grado (grupo B), 17 caspa grasa en grado elevado (grupo AC) y 21 caspa grasa en grado medio-alto (grupo CD). Al cabo de cuatro semanas de tratamiento, el grado de caspa se redujo vs. basal en ≥70% de los casos en todos los grupos. Estas cifras ascendieron, en los pacientes con caspa grasa, a un 70% (grado bajo-medio), un 76,2% (grado medio-alto) y un 88,2% (grado elevado); el efecto fue más notable en aquellos con caspa seca, donde la cifra fue del 90%. La eliminación de la caspa fue completa en el 78,5%, 62,5%, 47% y 44,4% de ellos, respectivamente. Una vez transcurridas las dos semanas de lavado posterior al tratamiento, el nivel de caspa siguió descendiendo en un 55% de los pacientes tratados con el champú A, un 57,1% de los que emplearon la loción C, el 58,8% de los que usaron el champú A + la loción C, y el 35% de los que recibieron el champú B. Se declararon satisfechos o muy satisfechos con el producto un 70% de los pacientes del grupo A, un 80% del grupo B, un 66,7% del grupo CD y un 70,6% del grupo AD. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, orientan acerca de la eficacia frente a la caspa grasa y la caspa seca de dos champúes y una loción basados en terpineol, ácido salicílico y climbazol. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales que amplíen los resultados en este campo.

Introduction: dandruff is defined as excessive flaking of the scalp accompanied by itching. The etiology is multifactorial and depends on the presence of Malassezia yeasts, sebum production and individual susceptibility. Beyond traditional treatments to control dandruff, there are new formulations that may include keratolytics such as salicylic acid; climbazole, an antifungal agent which potential antiproteolytic properties, or terpineol, broad-spectrum antifungal with antiinflammatory action. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on seborrheic dandruff of a shampoo with terpineol, willow extract, salicylic acid, climbazole and sebum-regulating lipoaminoacid, and a lotion with terpineol, salicylic acid, climbazole and glycosides from oak and green tea extract. Effectiveness on dry dandruff of a shampoo containing terpineol, willow extract, salicylic acid and climbazole was also evaluated. Three study visits were performed (T0, T28 and T42). Methods: single-center, open, non-randomized, single-blind, 42-day study conducted in 78 patients with seborrheic or dry dandruff. Dandruff severity was classified into 4 grades. A shampoo for oily dandruff (A), a shampoo for dry dandruff (B), a lotion for oily dandruff (C) and a neutral shampoo (D) were administered. Four treatment groups were established according to the assigned treatment (A, B, AC and CD). Results: 59% of participants were women and 41% men. The average age was 47 years (range 20-72). Of the total patients, 20 had medium-low oily dandruff (group A), 20 dry dandruff at any level (group B), 17 severe oily dandruff (AC) and 21 medium-high oily dandruff (group CD). After four weeks of treatment the severity of dandruff was reduced vs. baseline in ≥70% of cases in all groups; for oily dandruff results were 70% (low-medium grade), 76.2% (medium-high) and 88.2% (high level); the effect was most marked in patients with dry dandruff (90%). Dandruff removal was complete in 78.5%, 62.5%, 47% and 44.4% of them, respectively. Two weeks after having suspended the treatment, dandruff level continued to decline in 55% of patients treated with shampoo A, 57.1% of those who used the lotion C, 58.8% of patients who used shampoo A + lotion C, and 35% of those receiving shampoo B. Seventy per cent of patients in group A, 80% in group B, 66.7% of the CD group and 70.6% of the AD group were satisfied or very satisfied with the study treatments. Conclusions: the results obtained in this study suggest the effectiveness against oily and dry dandruff of two shampoos and a lotion based on terpineol, salicylic acid and climbazole. Further research to extend the results in this field is required.

RESUMO

This work aimed to study the response of tree willow species to different water soil contents. The experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement of 2 x 3 x 4 with four replicates. Biomass production of Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis and Salix smithiana was higher when the moisture retention capacity of the soil was close to 100%.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resposta de três espécies de vimeiros a diferentes condições hídricas do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, disposto em arranjo fatorial de 2 x 3 x 4 com quatro repetições. A produção de biomassa de Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis e Salix smithiana foi maior quando as plantas foram cultivadas em solo com capacidade de retenção de umidade próxima a 100%.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This work aimed to study the response of tree willow species to different water soil contents. The experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement of 2 x 3 x 4 with four replicates. Biomass production of Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis and Salix smithiana was higher when the moisture retention capacity of the soil was close to 100%.(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resposta de três espécies de vimeiros a diferentes condições hídricas do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, disposto em arranjo fatorial de 2 x 3 x 4 com quatro repetições. A produção de biomassa de Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis e Salix smithiana foi maior quando as plantas foram cultivadas em solo com capacidade de retenção de umidade próxima a 100%.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito alelopático de folhas verdes e cascas frescas trituradas de três espécies de vimeiro sobre a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV no ano de 2009. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por pedaços de folhas verdes e cascas frescas de Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis e Salix smithiana, distribuídas separadamente sobre sementes de rabanete em caixas de Gerbox. A testemunha foi constituída por sementes de rabanete e água destilada. As caixas com os respectivos tratamentos foram transferidas para câmara de germinação 25ºC e UR 70%. Em intervalos de 24 horas, a partir do segundo dia após o início do experimento até o décimo dia foram avaliados o número de sementes germinadas, a velocidade de germinação, o comprimento e a massa fresca e seca de radículas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de comparação de médias e análise de contrastes lineares. Das variáveis analisadas, o comprimento de radícula foi o único que diferiu estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. A análise de contraste entre os tratamentos folhas verdes e cascas frescas de S. viminalis e S. smithiana mostrou signifi cância estatística no comprimento de radícula e massa fresca de raízes, mostrando efeito alelopático negativo sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de raízes de rabanete. Folhas verdes e cascas frescas de Salix rubens, S. smithiana e S. viminalis não exercem efeito alelopático negativo sobre a massa fresca, massa seca, percentual de germinação e velocidade de germinação em rabanete. As cascas de S. rubens podem reduzir o crescimento de radículas de rabanete enquanto que folhas de S. viminalis podem estimular o crescimento das radículas.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of green fresh leaves and crushed fresh barks of three willow species on the seed germination and seed development of radish (Raphanus sativus). The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV in 2009. Bioassays were carried out in a complete randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of pieces of green fresh leaves and bark of Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis and Salix Smithiana, separately distributed on radish seeds in Gerbox boxes. The control treatment consisted of radish seeds and distilled water. The boxes containing the treatments were transferred into a germinator chamber maintained at constant temperature (25°C) and Relative Humidity (70%). At 24-hour intervals, from the second day after the bioassay start, until the tenth day the number of germinated seeds, speed of germination, length, fresh and dry mass of rootlets were evaluated. Data was subjected to variance analysis, mean comparison and analysis of linear contrasts. The radicle length was the only parameter which differed between the treatments. The contrast analyses between the treatments with green leaves and fresh barks of S. viminalis and S. smithiana showed statistical signifi cance in the radicle length and the roots fresh weight, showing negative allelopathic effects on the growth and development of radish roots. Green leaves and fresh bark of Salix rubens, S. Smithiana and S. viminalis do not present a negative allelopathic effects on fresh mass, dry mass, germination percentage and speed of germination in radish. The S. rubens fresh bark can reduce the growth of radish radicle whereas the fresh S. viminalis leaves can stimulate the radicle growth.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito alelopático de folhas verdes e cascas frescas trituradas de três espécies de vimeiro sobre a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV no ano de 2009. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por pedaços de folhas verdes e cascas frescas de Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis e Salix smithiana, distribuídas separadamente sobre sementes de rabanete em caixas de Gerbox. A testemunha foi constituída por sementes de rabanete e água destilada. As caixas com os respectivos tratamentos foram transferidas para câmara de germinação 25ºC e UR 70%. Em intervalos de 24 horas, a partir do segundo dia após o início do experimento até o décimo dia foram avaliados o número de sementes germinadas, a velocidade de germinação, o comprimento e a massa fresca e seca de radículas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de comparação de médias e análise de contrastes lineares. Das variáveis analisadas, o comprimento de radícula foi o único que diferiu estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. A análise de contraste entre os tratamentos folhas verdes e cascas frescas de S. viminalis e S. smithiana mostrou signifi cância estatística no comprimento de radícula e massa fresca de raízes, mostrando efeito alelopático negativo sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de raízes de rabanete. Folhas verdes e cascas frescas de Salix rubens, S. smithiana e S. viminalis não exercem efeito alelopático negativo sobre a massa fresca, massa seca, percentual de germinação e velocidade de germinação em rabanete. As cascas de S. rubens podem reduzir o crescimento de radículas de rabanete enquanto que folhas de S. viminalis podem estimular o crescimento das radículas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of green fresh leaves and crushed fresh barks of three willow species on the seed germination and seed development of radish (Raphanus sativus). The experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV in 2009. Bioassays were carried out in a complete randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of pieces of green fresh leaves and bark of Salix x rubens, Salix viminalis and Salix Smithiana, separately distributed on radish seeds in Gerbox boxes. The control treatment consisted of radish seeds and distilled water. The boxes containing the treatments were transferred into a germinator chamber maintained at constant temperature (25°C) and Relative Humidity (70%). At 24-hour intervals, from the second day after the bioassay start, until the tenth day the number of germinated seeds, speed of germination, length, fresh and dry mass of rootlets were evaluated. Data was subjected to variance analysis, mean comparison and analysis of linear contrasts. The radicle length was the only parameter which differed between the treatments. The contrast analyses between the treatments with green leaves and fresh barks of S. viminalis and S. smithiana showed statistical signifi cance in the radicle length and the roots fresh weight, showing negative allelopathic effects on the growth and development of radish roots. Green leaves and fresh bark of Salix rubens, S. Smithiana and S. viminalis do not present a negative allelopathic effects on fresh mass, dry mass, germination percentage and speed of germination in radish. The S. rubens fresh bark can reduce the growth of radish radicle whereas the fresh S. viminalis leaves can stimulate the radicle growth.

Assuntos