RESUMO
PURPOSE: Little is known about how behaviors to control weight are associated with diet quality among youth from low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine associations between efforts to control weight (ECW) and diet quality among Brazilian adolescents and young adults. METHODS: Data from 731 participants (17.89 ± 4.92 years, 51.1% female) of the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo were used for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall and diet quality was calculated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R). Participants reported their ECW, weight satisfaction, and socio-demographics. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were calculated to investigate associations between ECW and diet quality. RESULTS: Approximately 47.7% of participants were dissatisfied with their current weight, and 41.0% reported ECW. Reported strategies to control weight included increased physical activity, taking care of what they eat, and dieting (8.2, 3.1, and 2.5%, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, reporting at least one ECW (ß = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02, 0.13), taking care of what to eat (ß = 0.15; 0.08, 0.22) and being satisfied with their weight (0.08; 0.02, 0.13) were all associated with a higher overall BHEI-R score. CONCLUSION: Overall diet quality score showed a small increase in participants reporting ECW. Further studies should be conducted to provide strategies used by adolescents from low- and middle-income countries to control their weight. Thus, developing public health policies, and behavioral-change strategies. LEVEL V: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Assuntos
Dieta , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Unhealthy eating and weight control behaviors are important but modifiable factors that contribute to obesity in majority and minority populations. Studies suggest that these behaviors are common in Mexican American women, but most studies completed to date have focused on college enrolled Mexican American women. Little is known about body weight concerns, eating and weight control behaviors in low acculturated immigrant Mexican women. This qualitative descriptive study utilized two focus groups with 15 women to identify and describe body weight and shape perceptions, and thoughts and behaviors related to eating and weight control of low acculturated Mexican American living in disadvantaged economic situations. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze data and three main themes were identified: (1) body weight values and concerns, (2) eating and food, and (3) weight loss strategies and consequences. The first two themes shared five subthemes including emotion, health, age, family, and culture. Results suggest Mexican American women experience weight concerns that are in conflict with food/eating values and experiences. This conflict is influenced by cultural, family, and inter/intrapersonal factors and contributes to unhealthy eating and weight control behavior. The transition and assimilation to the United States is complex and dynamic. Thus understanding how the conflict regarding body weight and food influence Mexican American women's health behaviors is important and provides valuable knowledge essential to guide further research and intervention development.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etnologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Aculturação , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Fazendas , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New York , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio comparativo para analizar las diferencias entre adolescentes españolas e inmigrantes latinoamericanas en diferentes componentes de la imagen corporal y conductas de control del peso que suponen un riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Asimismo, se determinó cuáles variables tienen un mayor valor predictivo para la realización de dieta en las adolescentes. La muestra estaba compuesta por 403 mujeres de 13 a 17 años, 191 españolas y 212 inmigrantes latinoamericanas. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, imagen corporal (estado nutricional, autopercepción, insatisfacción y miedo a ganar peso), hábitos de alimentación y conductas de control del peso (dieta, vómitos autoinducidos y toma de laxantes). Los resultados mostraron que no había diferencias entre las adolescentes españolas y las latinoamericanas en el estado nutricional, en la forma de autopercepción, en sus expectativas de imagen, ni en el nivel de insatisfacción corporal. Sin embargo, había diferencias en la autopercepción del atractivo físico, en el miedo a ganar peso, en los hábitos de alimentación y en la realización de dieta. Un porcentaje significativamente mayor de adolescentes latinoamericanas se percibía atractiva, tenía más miedo a ganar peso, presentaba peores hábitos alimenticios y había realizado dieta.
A comparative study was done to analyze the differences between Spanish adolescent and Latin American immigrants at the same age in various components of body image and weight control behaviors related to development of eating disorders (ED). Likewise the study analysed what variables had a major predictive value of dieting among the adolescents. The sample group was formed by 403 females from 13 to 17 years old, 191 Spanish and 212 Latin American immigrants. Certain variables were collected such as socio-demographic, body image (nutritional state, self-perception, dissatisfaction and fear about gain weight), eating habits and weight control behaviors (diet, self-induce vomiting and taking laxatives). The results showed there were not differences between the Spanish and Latin American adolescent girls in the nutritional state, in how they perceived their body image, in their desired figure, nor in the level of body dissatisfaction. However, there were differences in their self-perception of physical attractiveness, in their fear of gaining weight, in their eating habits and dieting. A significant percentage of the Latin American adolescents perceived themselves as attractive, they were more fearful of gaining weight; they had worse eating habits and dieted more.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Adolescente , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Este estudio transversal analizó la asociación de la percepción del peso corporal y el comportamiento alimentario de control de peso con la calidad de vida (CV) por género, en 563 estudiantes de secundaria (edad x‾ = 13.3, DE = 0.94) de todos los grados de nueve secundarias de la región del sur de Jalisco realizado en 2010. Eran 51.9% varones, 19.8% del total trabajaban. Se auto-administró en línea un cuestionario de CV (YQOL-R) módulo perceptual, y cinco ítems acerca del peso adaptados del 2009 Middle School YRBS. Estadística: chi cuadrada, t de Student, p de Spearman y ANOVA, T2 de Tamhane. Resultados: CV más alta para peso percibido cercano al correcto, respecto a bajo peso y sobrepeso; correlación negativa entre CV y percepción del peso (sobrepeso r s = -.22; bajo peso r s = -.16); CV más baja en quienes trataban de mantenerse en su peso en muestra total y en mujeres respecto a las que querían mantenerlo. Concluimos que el comportamiento alimentario está asociado de manera importante a la percepción del peso y ambos a la calidad de vida, y el género es fundamental para comprender las variables estudiadas.
This cross-sectional study analyzed by gender the association between body weight perception and weight control behavior with quality of life (QL) in 563 middle school students (age x‾ = 13.3, SD = 0.94), from all grades of nine middle schools of South region of Jalisco state realized in 2010. There were 51.9% boys and 19.8% worked. A self-administered questionnaire on line was used (YQOL-R), perceptual module, and five items of body weight adapted from 2009 Middle School YRBS. Statistical analysis included chi squared, Student t test, Spearman correlation, ANOVA and Tamhane's T2. Results: QOL was higher in normal weight perception category than low weight or overweight perception categories; a negative correlation between QOL and weight perception was observed (overweight r s = -.22; low weight r s = -.16); QOL was lower in those who tried to maintain weight in total sample and in girls in relation to those who tried to maintained it. We concluded that weight control behavior is associated with weight perception and both are associated with quality of life. Gender was important to understand the variables studied.