RESUMO
The identity and institutional image of universities are presented to the world through their websites. On their websites, universities publish their academic offerings, their mission, their vision, their academic objectives, their achievements, their regulations, their news and all their university work. Hence, the importance of university websites is accessible. The accessibility of university websites has been evaluated several times in the past, but there is no work that has summarized all the evaluations performed to provide a general overview of the situation. Therefore, in this research we have performed a systematic literature review (SLR) to consolidate, analyze, synthesize and interpret the accessibility results of university websites published in 42 papers that have been selected for this study. The methodology used in this SLR was that proposed in Kitchenham's guidelines, which includes three stages: planning the review, conducting the review and reporting the review. The results present the analysis and synthesis of the evaluations of 9,140 universities in 67 countries. Of these, 38,416 web pages, 91,421 YouTube videos and 28,395 PDF documents were evaluated. Manual methods, methods with automatic tools and the combination of both methods were used for the evaluation. Most websites were evaluated using the ISO/IEC 40500:2012 and Section 508 standards. The accessibility guidelines most commonly violated in the evaluations were: adaptable, compatible, distinguishable, input assistance, keyboard accessible, navigable, predictable, readable and text alternatives. In conclusion, the university websites, YouTube videos and PDF documents analyzed in the 42 papers present important accessibility problems. The main contribution of this SLR is the consolidation of the results of the 42 studies selected to determine the findings and trends in the accessibility of university websites around the world.
RESUMO
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, communication technology has demonstrated its usefulness in sharing and receiving health data and communicating with the public. This study evaluated the accessibility of 199 websites containing official COVID-19 information related to medical schools, governments, ministries, and medical associations, obtained from the Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research website. We used the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 to evaluate web accessibility, using a six-phase process with an automatic review tool. The study results reveal that the highest number of barriers encountered are concentrated in the perceivable principle with 6388 errors (77.8%), followed by operability with 1457 (17.7%), then robustness with 291 (3.5%), and finally understandability with 78 errors (0.9%). This study concludes that most COVID-19-related websites that provide information on the context of the pandemic do not have an adequate level of accessibility. This study can contribute as a guide for designing inclusive websites; web accessibility should be reviewed periodically due to technological advances and the need to adapt to these changes.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Governo , Humanos , Internet , PandemiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a growing literature on the potential medical uses of Cannabis sativa and cannabinoid compounds. Although these have only been approved by regulatory agencies for a few indications, there is a hype about their possible benefits in a variety of conditions and a large market in the wellness industry. As in many cases patients search for information on cannabis products online, we have analyzed the information on medical cannabis available on the Internet. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the quality of the information available online on medical cannabis. METHODS: We searched "medical cannabis" on June 2019 using google.com and downloaded the first 243 websites. After excluding dead links or websites with no information about cannabis, 176 websites were included. They were then classified for their typology (e.g., commercial, government, news outlets). As an indicator of trustworthiness, we used the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) score, which assesses the indication of date, author, ownership of the website, and the presence of references. We also considered if a website is certified by Health-On-the-Net (HON), an independent organization, by displaying a HONCode symbol. Subsequently, we performed a content analysis to assess both the medical cannabis indications mentioned by webpages and the completeness of the information provided (whether they mentioned potential side effects and legal/regulatory issues or not). RESULTS: Analyzing 176 webpages returned by a search engine, we found that 52% of them were news websites. Pain, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis were the most frequently mentioned therapeutic areas (cited in 92, 84 and 80 webpages, respectively), which did not always match those for which there is regulatory approval. Information was also incomplete, with only 22% of the webpages mentioning potential side effects. Health portal websites provided the most complete information, with all of them (n = 7) reporting side effects. On average, 80% of webpages had a neutral stance on the potential benefits of medical cannabis, with commercial websites having more frequently a positive stance (67%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the information that can be found online is not always aligned in terms of the therapeutic areas for which science-based evidence is often still weak.
RESUMO
Today, there are many e-commerce websites, but not all of them are accessible. Accessibility is a crucial element that can make a difference and determine the success or failure of a digital business. The study was applied to 50 e-commerce sites in the top rankings according to the classification proposed by ecommerceDB. In evaluating the web accessibility of e-commerce sites, we applied an automatic review method based on a modification of Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM) 1.0. To evaluate accessibility, we used Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool (WAVE) with the extension for Google Chrome, which helps verify password-protected, locally stored, or highly dynamic pages. The study found that the correlation between the ranking of e-commerce websites and accessibility barriers is 0.329, indicating that the correlation is low positive according to Spearman's Rho. According to the WAVE analysis, the research results reveal that the top 10 most accessible websites are Sainsbury's Supermarkets, Walmart, Target Corporation, Macy's, IKEA, H&M Hennes, Chewy, Kroger, QVC, and Nike. The most significant number of accessibility barriers relate to contrast errors that must be corrected for e-commerce websites to reach an acceptable level of accessibility. The most neglected accessibility principle is perceivable, representing 83.1%, followed by operable with 13.7%, in third place is robust with 1.7% and finally understandable with 1.5%. Future work suggests constructing a software tool that includes artificial intelligence algorithms that help the software identify accessibility barriers.
RESUMO
Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una evaluación heurística de usabilidad aplicada a 17 sitios web de bibliotecas de universidades públicas chilenas, a través del método SIRIUS, "Sistema de Evaluación de la Usabilidad Web Orientado al Usuario y Basado en la Determinación de Tareas Críticas". Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la pauta fija de SIRIUS que contiene 10 heurísticas subdivididas en un total de 83 sub-heurísticas evaluadas por cinco personas expertas con conocimiento en sitios web de bibliotecas y usabilidad. Los resultados indican que las bibliotecas universitarias mejor evaluadas presentan buenos mecanismos de rotulado, layout (diseño) y facilidad de interacción, mientras que, en su conjunto, los sitios web carecen de ayudas de navegación para las personas usuarias. Finalmente, se concluye que la evaluación heurística es un método válido, rápido, fácil y aplicable en sitios web de bibliotecas universitarias, siempre y cuando se definan adecuadamente las personas expertas y las heurísticas. Asimismo, SIRIUS resulta una herramienta adecuada al contar con una pauta fija que permite obtener evaluaciones con rapidez y facilitar la comparación de sus resultados.
Abstract This article presents the results of a heuristic usability evaluation applied to 17 websites of libraries of public chilean universities, using the SIRIUS method "System of Web Usability Evaluation, User Oriented and Based on the Determination of Critical Tasks" For data collection, SIRIUS fixed guideline was used, which contains 10 heuristics that are subdivided into a total of 83 sub-heuristics evaluated by 5 experts with knowledge about libraries and usability websites. The results indicate that the best evaluated university libraries have good labeling mechanisms, layout and ease of interaction, while, as a whole, the websites lack navigation aids for their users. Finally, it is concluded that heuristic evaluation is a valid, fast, easy and applicable method in university library websites, as long as experts and heuristics are properly defined. Likewise, SIRIUS is an adequate tool since it has a fixed guideline that allows evaluations to be obtained quickly and to facilitate the comparison of its results.
Assuntos
Universidades , Redes de Comunicação de Computadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Bibliotecas , Chile , Heurística ComputacionalRESUMO
Internet permitió expandir la promoción de alimentos/bebidas a diferentes medios. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las estrategias de marketing en sitios web de marcas de alimentos y bebidas consumidos por niños/as y adolescentes, y clasificarlos según las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina.Se seleccionaron los alimentos/bebidas más consumidos por la población infantojuvenil según la Encuesta Alimentaria Nutricional de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se identificaron las páginas web de las marcas; se analizaron las estrategias de marketing y se clasificaron los alimentos/bebidas promocionados según las Guías.Se encontraron 80 páginas web, donde las estrategias más frecuentes fueron identificación de la marca, beneficios y declaraciones, y vínculos a páginas web y/o redes sociales. El 30 % de los sitios estaban dirigidos a niños/as/adolescentes, donde el 75 % de los alimentos/bebidas promocionados correspondieron al grupo de dulces y grasas, que incluye aquellos de bajo valor nutricional.
The Internet has allowed the expansion of food and beverage advertising in different media. The objective of this study was to identify the marketing strategies used in brand websites of foods and beverages consumed by children and adolescents, and classify them based on the Food Guidelines for the Argentinean Population.The foods and beverages most commonly consumed by the child and adolescent population as per the Survey on Nutritional Food Intake of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires were selected. Brand websites were identified; marketing strategies were analyzed and marketed foods and beverages were classified based on the Guidelines.A total of 80 websites were found; the most common strategies were brand identity, benefits and claims, and links to websites and/or social media. Also, 30 % of sites were aimed at children and adolescents, and 75 % of marketed foods and beverages corresponded to the group of sweets and fats, including those of low nutritional value
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Publicidade/métodos , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Marketing/métodos , Comunicação Persuasiva , Argentina , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Alimentos e Bebidas , Internet , Preferências Alimentares/psicologiaRESUMO
The Internet has allowed the expansion of food and beverage advertising in different media. The objective of this study was to identify the marketing strategies used in brand websites of foods and beverages consumed by children and adolescents, and classify them based on the Food Guidelines for the Argentinean Population. The foods and beverages most commonly consumed by the child and adolescent population as per the Survey on Nutritional Food Intake of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires were selected. Brand websites were identified; marketing strategies were analyzed and marketed foods and beverages were classified based on the Guidelines. A total of 80 websites were found; the most common strategies were brand identity, benefits and claims, and links to websites and/or social media. Also, 30 % of sites were aimed at children and adolescents, and 75 % of marketed foods and beverages corresponded to the group of sweets and fats, including those of low nutritional value.
Internet permitió expandir la promoción de alimentos/bebidas a diferentes medios. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las estrategias de marketing en sitios web de marcas de alimentos y bebidas consumidos por niños/as y adolescentes, y clasificarlos según las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina. Se seleccionaron los alimentos/bebidas más consumidos por la población infantojuvenil según la Encuesta Alimentaria Nutricional de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se identificaron las páginas web de las marcas; se analizaron las estrategias de marketing y se clasificaron los alimentos/bebidas promocionados según las Guías. Se encontraron 80 páginas web, donde las estrategias más frecuentes fueron identificación de la marca, beneficios y declaraciones, y vínculos a páginas web y/o redes sociales. El 30 % de los sitios estaban dirigidos a niños/as/adolescentes, donde el 75 % de los alimentos/bebidas promocionados correspondieron al grupo de dulces y grasas, que incluye aquellos de bajo valor nutricional.
Assuntos
Alimentos , Marketing , Adolescente , Publicidade , Argentina , Bebidas , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
Em busca de uma solução para compreender as razões pelas quais alguns recursos presentes em websites não são possíveis de serem arquivados pelas ferramentas de captura, surgiu o conceito de arquivabilidade da web. Apresentamos este estudo que propõe iniciar uma discussão acerca do tema, a partir do método CLEAR+ e da ferramenta ArchiveReady, e verificar sua aplicabilidade a partir da identificação de websites da área da saúde, com testes de preservação digital por meio do arquivamento da web. A pesquisa configurou-se como estudo de caso, com procedimentos envolvendo pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como o uso de software para identificar arquivabilidade dos sites. Conclui-se que tanto os testes de arquivabilidade quanto os de arquivamento da web apontam para poucas dificuldades de captura, em pequeno grau, sugerindo-se, portanto, que para atingir uma melhor qualidade de captura sejam adotados padrões de conformidade na produção dos websites, de acordo com o estabelecido pelo World Wide Web Consortium.
In search for a solution to understand the reasons why some resources present on websites are not possible to be archived by capture tools, we approach the concept of web archivability. We present this study that proposes to initiate a discussion about the evaluation of the archivability, using the CLEAR+ method and the ArchiveReady, and to verify their applicability from the identification of websites in the health studies, with digital preservation tests through the web archiving. The research was configured as a case study, with procedures involving bibliographic and documentary research, as well as the use of software to identify the archivability of the sites. It is concluded that both archivability tests and web archiving tests point to little capture difficulties, to a small degree, therefore suggesting that to achieve better capture quality, compliance standards should be adopted in the production of websites, according to what is established by the World Wide Web Consortium.
En la búsqueda de una solución para comprender las razones por las cuales las herramientas de captura no pueden archivar algunos recursos presentes en sitios web, abordamos el concepto de archivabilidad de la web. Presentamos este estudio que propone iniciar una discusión sobre la evaluación de la archivabilidad de los sitios web, utilizando el método CLEAR+ y la herramienta ArchiveReady, y verificar su aplicabilidad a partir de la identificación de sitios web en los estudios de salud, con pruebas de preservación digital a través del archivo web. La investigación se configuró como un estudio de caso, con procedimientos que implican investigación bibliográfica y documental, así como el uso de software para identificar la capacidad de archivo de los sitios. Se concluye que tanto las pruebas de archivabilidad como las pruebas de archivo web apuntan a pequeñas dificultades de captura, en un pequeño grado, lo que sugiere que para lograr una mejor calidad de captura, se deben adoptar estándares de cumplimiento en la producción de sitios web de acuerdo con lo establecido por el World Wide Consorcio Web.
Assuntos
Humanos , Software , Arquivamento , Gestão da Informação em Saúde , Metadados , e-Acessibilidade , Gestão da Informação , Competência em InformaçãoRESUMO
La rápida propagación del SARS-CoV-2 ha ocasionado grandes desafíos, algunos de ellos relacionados con la gestión y la visibilidad de la información. Los profesionales de las instituciones de información enfrentaron el reto de tener que reorganizar sus servicios en un breve tiempo, con un componente tecnológico esencial para lograr la virtualidad ante el imperativo indiscutible del distanciamiento físico. Como parte del Plan de enfrentamiento desplegado por Cuba durante esta crisis sanitaria, el Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (CNICM/Infomed) desempeña un rol fundamental, al actuar como proveedor y facilitador de las fuentes, herramientas y servicios de información científica especializada, además de garantizar la plataforma tecnológica para todo el sistema nacional de salud y la población. El presente documento se propone describir el flujo de trabajo concebido por esta institución, los espacios y modos empleados para la producción y difusión de la información científica durante la epidemia, así como los aportes realizados (elaboración de productos y desarrollo e implementación de herramientas y servicios( para apoyar las investigaciones científicas y la toma de decisiones en salud durante la pandemia de la COVID-19(AU)
The fast spread of SARS-CoV-2 has posed big challenges, some of which are related to information management and visibility. Professionals from information institutions have been faced with having to reorganize their services in a short time, with an essential technological component to achieve virtuality in face of the unavoidable imperative of physical distancing. The National Medical Sciences Information Center (CNICM/Infomed) plays a fundamental role in the response plan implemented by Cuba during this health crisis, serving as facilitator and provider of specialized scientific information services, sources and tools, and supplying the required technological platform for the entire national health system and the population. The present document is aimed at describing the workflow devised by this institution, the spaces and modes used for the production and dissemination of scientific information during the epidemic, and the contributions made to the creation of products and the development and implementation of tools and services to support health scientific research and decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gestão da Informação , Disseminação de Informação , Fluxo de Trabalho , Epidemias , Centros de Informação , Serviços de InformaçãoRESUMO
Esse estudo qualitativo teve por objetivos analisar os sites de resorts, com base na gestão da informação e na usabilidade de sites, bem como, investigar a divulgação dos programas de recreação. Por meio de pesquisa exploratória foram elencados os sites, os quais foram avaliados com base nas Teorias da Gestão da Informação e da Usabilidade de sites, criando-se categorias a priori, para análise dos dados. Os resultados indicam que as informações acerca do programa de atividades recreativas oferecidas são precárias e pouco motivam a adesão à prática. Além disso, os sites dos resorts não atendem a todos os critérios de usabilidade, dificultando a busca por informações pelo usuário, podendo gerar aos estabelecimentos o comprometimento das vendas, devido a essas falhas existentes nos sites. Sugerem-se novos estudos relacionando as temáticas envolvendo tecnologias, turismo, recreação e lazer.
This qualitative study aimed to analyzing resorts sites, based on information management and sites usability and also investigated the diffusion of the recreation program. An exploratory research was conducted aiming to investigating those sites, which were evaluated based on Information Management and Usability of sites Theories. A priori categories for data analysis were created and results indicate precariousness information about the offered recreation activities do not motivate the adherence to the practice. In addition, resorts' websites do not meet all of the usability criteria, making it difficult for users to search for information, which may lead to sales compromises due to such site failures. New studies are suggested relating to these themes involving technologies, tourism, recreation and leisure.
Assuntos
Atividades de LazerRESUMO
Los sitios web empresariales deben asegurar que sus empleados, proveedores, competidores, clientes y partes interesadas puedan encontrar información general y específica de la empresa. Este trabajo se propuso determinar los elementos necesarios para el rediseño del Sitio Web del Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BioCen) de acuerdo con las tendencias actuales en homólogos. Para esto se determinaron, mediante entrevistas a directivos y especialistas del Centro, los sitios web de empresas homólogas. Se escogieron siete para la identificación de las tendencias en la Arquitectura de la Información a partir de cinco categorías de análisis. Estas tendencias no se vieron reflejadas en el sitio web actual de BioCen. La propuesta de rediseño incluyó, según homólogos, las etiquetas; la definición de contenidos, en el formato OnePage; la estructura de la página principal con diferentes y pocos niveles informativos; el uso de imágenes, acorde con los textos; diferentes sistemas de navegación; cambios en los componentes del cabezal y pie de página(AU)
Business websites must ensure that their employees, suppliers, competitors, customers and stakeholders can find general and company-specific information. This work proposed the presentation of the necessary elements for the redesign of the Website of the National Center for Bioproducts (BioCen) according to the current tendencies in homologous. For this, through interviews with managers and specialists of the center, the websites of homologous companies were determined. Seven were chosen for the identification of trends in Information Architecture from five categories of analysis. These trends were not reflected on the current BioCen website. The redesign proposal includes, according to counterparts, the labels; the definition of content, in the OnePage format; the structure of the main page with different and few informative levels; the use of images, according to the texts; different navigation systems; changes in the head and footer components(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Biotecnologia , Redes de Comunicação de Computadores , Sistemas Computacionais , Categorias de TrabalhadoresRESUMO
A internet vem se tornando para a população uma fonte comum de busca de informações sobre temas ligados à saúde, inclusive sobre o vírus do papiloma humano (HPV). Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação da qualidade da informação sobre o tema HPV disponibilizada em websites sobre saúde e um ranking elaborado com base nos resultados obtidos. Para a avaliação foram aplicados 61 indicadores, divididos entre os critérios de conteúdo, usabilidade e legibilidade. No que se refere ao conteúdo, os websites em questão apresentaram informações sobre exames de diagnóstico, prevenção, tratamento e patologias que podem ser desenvolvidas.Quanto à usabilidade, todos os websites avaliados dispõem de um menu principal e possuem um layout agradável. Os indicadores da legibilidade foram atendidos em sua grande maioria, uma vez que todos os submetidos a essa avaliação apresentaram uso de cores, tamanho e formato de fontes aprazíveis. Observou-se um nível expressivo de qualidade das informações sobre o HPV disponibilizadas nos websites avaliados.(AU)
The internet has become for the population a common source of search for information about issues related to health, including the human papillomavirus (HPV). This article presents an evaluation of the quality ofthe information about the HPV available on health websites and a ranking based on its results. 61 indicators were used to do the evaluation, divided into content, usability and readability criteria. In regard to content,the websites under evaluation presented information about diagnostic exams, prevention, treatment and the pathologies that can be developed. All those websites have a main menu and a pleasant layout. The indicators of readability, for the most part, were satisfied, since the websites showed attractive use of colors,size and format of fonts. It can be observed a significant level of quality of information about HPV available on the websites evaluated.
La internet se ha convertido en una fuente común de búsqueda de temas relacionados con la salud,incluso sobre el virus del papiloma humano (HPV). Este artículo presenta una evaluación de la calidadde la información disponible en sitios web sobre el tema del HPV y un ranking elaborado con base en los resultados obtenidos. Para la evaluación se aplicaron 61 indicadores, divididos entre los criterios de contenido, usabilidad y legibilidad. En lo que respecta al contenido, los sitios web presentan información sobre exámenes de diagnóstico, prevención, tratamiento, y sobre las patologías que pueden ser desarrolladas.En lo que concierne a la usabilidad, todos los sitios web evaluados disponen de un menú principal y tienen un diseño gráfico agradable. Los indicadores de legibilidad fueron atendidos en su gran mayoría, en vista de todos los sitios web evaluados hayan presentado uso de colores, tamaño y formato de fuentes agradables. Se observó un nivel expresivo de calidad de la información sobre el HPV disponible en los sitios web evaluados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor/normas , Comunicação em Saúde , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Papillomaviridae , Brasil , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/tendências , Ferramenta de Busca/normasRESUMO
El estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la calidad de la información en relación con la automedicación en las páginas web de internet y estimar si se cumplen criterios de calidad. Para conseguir dicho propósitose efectuó un estudio observacional tipo transversal basado en la valoración de 15 páginas web institucionales relacionadas con la automedicación y que fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente para ser revisadas por 59 usuarios habituales de internet como herramienta fundamental en su trabajo profesional. Como instrumento de medida se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado específicamente para este trabajo de investigación. El 66 % de los usuarios del estudio confirmaron la existencia de información sobre automedicación en dichas web. De acuerdo con las observaciones realizadas por los usuarios -la mayor parte de páginas web con información sobre automedicación- en 9 (60 %) se cumplen criterios de calidad en un 70-75 %. Las variables mejor evaluadas han sido la actualización de la información, la responsabilidad y la accesibilidad. Las peor evaluadas han sido la arquitectura de la información y la existencia de acreditación o sello de calidad en la web. La calidad de las web analizadas es aceptable, pero mejorable en accesibilidad universal, acreditación y/o certificación. Las web mejor valoradas globalmente han sido la del Ministerio de Sanidad, Política Social e Igualdad de España y la de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
The study aims at analyzing the quality of information on self-medication in Internet websites and assess whether quality criteria are met. In view of this, an observational cross-sectional study was carried out as based on the assessment of 15 institutional websites related to self-medication and randomly chosen for review by 59 regular internet users as a fundamental tool in their professional work. A survey developed specifically for this research was conducted. The 66 % of this study's users confirmed the existence of information on self-medication in these websites. According to the observations made by users -most web pages with information about self-medication- in 9 (60 %), standards of quality are met in 70-75 %. The best assessed variables have been updating of information, responsibility and accessibility. The worst assessed ones have been the information architecture and the existence of accreditation or quality seal on the Web. The quality of the websites analyzed is acceptable, but improvable regarding universal accessibility, accreditation and/or certification. The Webs best rated globally have been the Ministry of Health's, Social Policy and Equality's of Spain and the World Health Organization's.
O estudo tem por objetivo analisar a qualidade da informação em relação com a automedicação nas páginas webs de internet e estimar se são cumprido critérios de qualidade. Para conseguir o referido propósito foi efetuado um estudo observacional tipo transversal baseado na valoração de 15 páginas webs institucionais relacionadas com a automedicação e que foram seleccionadas aleatoriamente para ser revistas por 59 usuários habituais de internet como ferramenta fundamental no seu trabalho profissional. Como instrumento de medida foi utilizado um inquérito elaborado especificamente para este trabalho de investigação. O 66 % dos usuários do estudo confirmaram a existência de informação sobre automedicação nas referidas webs. De acordo com as observações realizadas pelos usuários -a maior parte de páginas webs com informação sobre automedicação- em 9 (60 %) são cumpridos critérios de qualidade em um 70-75 %. As variáveis melhor avaliadas têm sido a actualização da informação, a responsabilidade a acessibilidade. As pior avaliadas têm sido a arquitetura da informação e a existência de acreditação ou selo de qualidade na web. A qualidade das webs analisadas é aceitável, mas melhorável em acessibilidade universal, acreditação e/ou certificação As webs melhor valoradas globalmente têm sido a do Ministério de Sanidade, Política Social e Igualdade (MSPS) da Espanha e a da Organização Mundial da Saúde.
RESUMO
The use of websites and GPS-based mobile applications ("apps") designed for social and sexual networking has been associated with increased HIV risk; however, little is known about Latino sexual minorities' and transgender persons' use of these websites and apps and the risk profiles of those who use them compared with those who do not. Data from 167 participants who completed the baseline survey of a community-level HIV prevention intervention, which harnesses the social networks of Latino sexual minorities and transgender persons, were analyzed. One quarter of participants (28.74%, n = 48) reported using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking, and 119 (71.26%) reported not using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking. Those who used websites or apps were younger and reported more male sex partners, a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis, and illicit drug use other than marijuana. HIV prevention interventions for those who use websites or apps should consider addressing these risks for HIV.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Aplicativos Móveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Sexualidade , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Transgênero , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , México/etnologia , Grupos Minoritários , North Carolina , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etnologia , Rede Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, ofrecen un universo ilimitado de posibilidades como recurso para el aprendizaje y socialización del conocimiento; la educación no ha escapado a ello. La revolución informática demanda nuevos retos, uno de ellos lo constituye la enseñanza de la lectura en idioma inglés. El sitio web KidsHealth, tiene potencialidades para trabajar la comprensión de textos en inglés y consolidar la formación vocacional hacia las ciencias médicas. Las filiales médicas de salud, están estrechamente vinculadas, mediante el proceso de extensión universitaria, a la consolidación de la formación vocacional. El objetivo del presente trabajo es divulgar y promocionar las ventajas y potencialidades de este sitio Web para la comprensión de textos en inglés y la formación vocacional hacia las ciencias médicas...
The information and communication technologies offer unlimited possibilities as a resource of learning and knowledge socialization, and education is not exempted from this reality. The informational revolution demands new challenges; one of them is the teaching of English reading. Website known as KidsHealth has potentialities to develop the understanding of English texts and to consolidate the vocational formation of students for the medical sciences. The universitarian medical sites are closely related to the consolidation of the vocational process through the process of university extension program. The objective of the present paper was to disseminate and to promote the advantages and the potentialities of this Website for the comprehension of English texts and the vocational formation in medical sciences...
Assuntos
Humanos , Motivação , Educação Vocacional , NavegadorRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Internet-based marketing has become an attractive option for promoting tobacco products due to its potential to avoid advertising restrictions. In Argentina, several cigarette brands have designed websites for the local market, which promote user participation. OBJECTIVE: The intent of the study was to report on the use of tobacco company-sponsored websites by medical students and recently graduated physicians. METHODS: An online self-administered survey was conducted among eligible medical students and recent graduates from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). Sampling was from lists of email addresses of students enrolled in two required courses. Eligibility criteria were ages 18-30 years and reporting on smoking status. Questions on Internet use included accessing a tobacco brand website at least once during their lifetime and any use of tobacco promotional materials. RESULTS: The response rate was 35.08% (1743/4969). The final sample included 1659 participants: 73.06% (1212/1659) were women and mean age was 26.6 years (SD 1.9). The majority were current medical students (55.70%, 924/1659) and 27.31% (453/1659) were current smokers. Men were more likely to report having seen a tobacco advertisement on the Internet (P=.001), to have received a tobacco promotion personally addressed to them (P=.03), to have used that promotion (P=.02), and to have accessed a tobacco-sponsored website (P=.01). Among respondents, 19.35% (321/1659) reported having accessed a tobacco-sponsored website at least once in their lifetime and almost all of them (93.8%, 301/321) accessed these sites only when it was necessary for participating in a marketing promotion. Most people logging on for promotions reported entering once a month or less (58.9%, 189/321), while 25.5% (82/321) reported accessing the tobacco industry Internet sites once a week or more. In adjusted logistic regression models, participants were more likely to have accessed a tobacco brand website if they were former smokers (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.42-4.22) or current (OR 8.12, 95% CI 4.66-14.16), if they reported having seen a tobacco advertisement on the Internet (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.77-3.37), received a tobacco promotion personally addressed to them (OR 5.62; 95% CI 4.19-7.55), or used one of these promotions (OR 14.05, 95% CI 9.21-21.43). Respondents were more likely to be current smokers if they received a tobacco promotion (OR 2.64, 95% CI 2.02-3.45) or if they used one of these promotions (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.31-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that tobacco industry websites reach medical students and young physicians in a middle-income country with their marketing promotions. Current or proposed legislation to ban tobacco advertising needs to include Internet sites and related social media.
Assuntos
Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Marketing , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Indústria do Tabaco , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The information on health available, is increasing in the Internet and the number of people with access to the web and patients is growing. In general, celiac patients seek information on the web regularly. Objective: To assess the content of the web pages that our celiac patients check, when looking for information Material and Method: In 3 search engines (Google, Yahoo and Bing) 12 terms were entered that are related to celiac disease, such as Celiac disease symptoms, Celiac disease treatment, Gluten free diet, among others. From the first page of every search engine the first 10 websites are considered, with a total of 360 websites. From these, 56 are repeated and 53 appear only once, resulting in 109 sites eligible for this evaluation. The authors applied a commonly agreed scale assigning 0 to 2 points to the following items: general information on the disease, symptoms, diagnostic, treatment and up-to-date information. The minimum would then be 0 points and the maximum 10. Results: 22 of 109 pages were ruled out because they were videos, research studies, clinical guidelines, Twitter and Facebook. The remaining 87 pages were evaluated: 7 (8 percent) are not recommendable due to conceptual errors; 44 (50.6 percent) had less than 8 points or lacked a full item; and 36 (41.3 percent) got high score, thus were recommendable for celiac patients. Conclusions: This is the first national-level research on the assessment of websites on a specific disease. Results show that only 4 out of 10 websites are recommendable for celiac patients. We consider that the treating doctors must advise their patients, for them to get good quality information.
La oferta de información sobre salud se multiplica a diario en Internet y el número de personas con acceso y, por ende, los pacientes, es cada día mayor. Los enfermos celíacos en general consultan con frecuencia en la red. Objetivo: evaluar el contenido de las páginas web a las que consultan nuestros pacientes celíacos. Material y Método: en 3 buscadores (Google, Yahoo y Bing) se usaron 12 términos relacionados con enfermedad celíaca tales como Celiac disease symptoms, Celiac disease treatment, Gluten free diet entre otros. De la primera página de cada buscador se obtienen los 10 primeros sitios web, sumando en total 360 direcciones. De ellas, se repiten 56 y 53 aparecen sólo una vez, quedando finalmente 109 sitios para evaluar. A cada sitio se le aplicó una tabla de evaluación consensuada por los autores que asigna de 0 a 2 puntos a cada ítem: generalidades de la enfermedad, sintomatología, diagnóstico, tratamiento y grado de actualización. El mínimo será por lo tanto de 0 y el máximo de 10 puntos. Resultados: 22 de las 109 páginas se descartaron por ser videos, trabajos de investigación, guías clínicas, Twitter y Facebook. Las 87 páginas web restantes fueron evaluadas: 7 (8 por ciento) no son recomendables debido a errores conceptuales; 44 (50,6 por ciento) sumaron menos de 8 puntos o les faltaba algún ítem completo y 36 (41,3 por ciento) obtuvieron puntaje alto, considerándose recomendables para los pacientes celíacos. Conclusiones: Este es el primer trabajo nacional en abordar el tema de evaluación de sitios web de una patología determinada. Los resultados nos indican que sólo 4 de cada 10 sitios son recomendables para los pacientes celíacos. Consideramos que los médicos tratantes deben orientar a los pacientes, con el fin de que obtengan una buena calidad en la información que buscan.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Celíaca , InternetRESUMO
Introducción La creación de una revista electrónica de salud dirigida al público no especializado requiere de conocer los antecedentes del tratamiento de la temática en las publicaciones digitales nacionales. Objetivo Caracterizar la divulgación sobre salud en documentos seleccionados de siete web periodísticas cubanas: Granma, Juventud Rebelde, Trabajadores, Bohemia, Mujeres, Alma Mater y Somos Jóvenes, publicados en abril de 2009. Métodos Estudio descriptivo de casos múltiples con técnicas de investigación documental y de análisis de contenido bajo una perspectiva cualitativa. Resultados El enfoque de divulgación no fue sustancial, los contenidos no respaldaron las estrategias para la promoción de la salud y en su mayoría no guardaron relación con las prioridades sanitarias del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano. Dentro de la minoría que abordó contenidos priorizados, no se encontraron temas relacionados con el agua, saneamiento ambiental y control de vectores; el consumo de drogas, trastornos mentales, enfermedades bucodentales, discapacidad, salud escolar y del trabajador, atención al adulto mayor, entre otros. Solo el 5,8 % de estos artículos se refirió a políticas de salud, pero abordadas de forma implícita y no explicada desde una perspectiva científica. Predominó el enfoque curativo. Conclusiones La temática sobre salud en los documetnos estudiados no se enfoca con profundidad hacia la divulgación de salud, no respalda a las estrategias para la promoción de la salud ni las prioridades del MINSAP.
Introduction The creation of an electronic health journal aimed at the general non-specialized audience requires knowing the previous history of this topic in the national electronic publications. Objective to characterize the dissemination of health information in selected documentes from seven Cuban press websites: Gramma, Juventud Rebelde, Trabajadores , Bohemia, Mujeres, Alma Mater and Somos Jóvenes, all published in April 2009. Methods Descriptive study of multiple cases using documentary research and content analysis techniques under a qualitative perspective. Results The approach to health dissemination was not significant, the contents did not support health promotion strategies and most of them did not relate with the health priorities of the Ministry of Public Health in Cuba. Among those that dealt with priority contents, there were no topics about water, environmental protection and vector control, drug addiction, mental disorders, oral and dental diseases, disability, health at school, occupational health, care of the older adult and others. Just 5.8% of these articles reflected health policies but they were addressed implicitly rather than explicitly from a scientific perspective. The curative approach was predominant. Conclusions Health topics in the studied documentes neither focused on health dissemination nor backed the health promotion strategies and priorities of the Ministry of Public Health.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine health-related effects of viewing pro-eating disorder (Pro-ED) websites. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out addressing: 1. The effect of viewing pro-ED websites on 'eating disorder behaviour', 2. The effect of viewing pro-ED websites on viewers' negative and positive affect. RESULTS: Seven studies were included. Pro-ED viewers compared with controls showed higher levels of dieting and exercise (3 studies, 2 suggesting causation); higher levels of drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and perfectionism (2 studies, both associative); a reduced likelihood of binging/purging (one study); increased negative affect (two studies); and a positive correlation between viewing pro-ED websites, disease duration and hospitalisations (one study). CONCLUSION: Viewing pro-ED websites may increase eating disorder behaviour but might not cause it. It may cause increased negative affect after a single short website exposure. For those with eating disorders, viewing is positively correlated with disease duration and hospitalisations. Professionals should be aware ofthese sites and their potential damage for health.
OBJETIVO: Determinar los efectos para la salud a consecuencia de ver páginas web a favor del desorden alimentario. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio sistemático que abordó los siguientes asuntos: 1. El efecto de ver páginas web sobre "comportamientos de desorden alimentario "; 2. El efecto que ver páginas web a favor del desorden alimentario, tiene sobre el afecto negativo y positivo de los usuarios en cuestión. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron siete estudios. Los usuarios que ven páginas pro-desorden alimentario mostraron niveles más altos de dieta y ejercicio, en comparación con los controles (3 estudios, 2 que sugieren causalidad); niveles más altos de compulsión a la delgadez, insatisfacción corporal y perfeccionismo (2 estudios, ambos asociativos); una probabilidad reducida de atracones/purga (un estudio); aumento del afecto negativo (dos estudios); y una correlación positiva entre ver páginas web prodesorden alimentario, duración de la enfermedad y hospitalización (un estudio). CONCLUSIÓN: Ver páginas Web pro-desorden alimentario puede aumentar los comportamientos de desorden alimentario pero podría no ser la causa. Puede producirse un aumento del afecto negativo luego de una sola exposición breve a la página Web. Para aquellas personas con desordenes alimentarios, el ver las páginas Web guarda una correlación positiva con la duración de la enfermedad y las hospitalizaciones. Los profesionales deben tener conciencia de estos sitios y su daño potencial para la salud.
Assuntos
Humanos , Imagem Corporal , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Internet , FotografaçãoRESUMO
El propósito de este estudio cualitativo es caracterizar los textos consultados por los alumnos cuando buscan información en Internet mediante un buscador en situaciones didácticas de estudio, e identificar las prácticas de lectura que realizan. La población está constituida por 25 alumnos de 5º grado de escuela primaria. Los datos son recolectados mediante observaciones de aula. Los hallazgos evidencian que los alumnos se enfrentan con una lista de resultados que contiene textos generados y seleccionados por un motor automático y luego ingresan a textos escasamente contextualizados y visualizados fragmentariamente. Las lecturas exploratorias de reconocimiento y localización propuestas en la situación didáctica generan una diversidad de propósitos en los alumnos que los orientan a hipotetizar y verificar pertinencia y confiabilidad, identificar formas de organización del texto, comprender progresivamente el contenido, seleccionarlo provisoriamente y conservarlo para futuras revisiones de significado.
The purpose of this qualitative study is to characterize texts consulted by pupils when searching for information on the internet through a search engine in didactic situations, and to identify the reading practices that pupils carry on. The population is composed by 25 fifth grade pupils from elementary school. Data is collected by classroom observations. Findings show that pupils face a results list that contains texts generated and selected by an automatic engine and then they enter barely contextualized and fragmentarily visualized texts. Exploratory readings for recognition and location which are proposed in the didactic situation bring up a variety of purposes on pupils that lead them to hypothesize and to check relevance and reliability, to identify kinds of text layout, to progressively understand contents, to provisionaly select information and to keep it for later verification of its meaning.