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La revolución digital que se produjo con la llegada de la web 2.0 y el advenimiento de las redes sociales, ha cambiado la forma de comunicación entre los seres humanos, y la relación médico-paciente no escapa a este nuevo ecosistema. La génesis de una identidad digital es fundamental para poder participar como comunicadores en las redes sociales, pero el profesionalismo digital debe enmarcarse en las recomendaciones de buena práctica con marcos ético-legales bien definidos. El objetivo de este documento es brindar herramientas para el buen uso de las redes sociales y la presencia digital, considerando el cuidado de la imagen personal y de la información que se difunde.

The digital revolution resulting from the emergence of the Web 2.0 and the arrival of social media have changed how humanbeings communicate, and the physician patient relationship is not an exception to this new environment. The origin of a digital identity is critical for our participation in social media as social communicators, but digital professionalism should be framed within good practice recommendations with well-defined legal and ethical outlines. The objective of this article is to provide tools for the adequate use of social media and digital presence, taking the protection of personalimage and disseminated information into consideration.

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The digital revolution resulting from the emergence of the Web 2.0 and the arrival of social media have changed how human beings communicate, and the physicianpatient relationship is not an exception to this new environment. The origin of a digital identity is critical for our participation in social media as social communicators, but digital professionalism should be framed within good practice recommendations with well-defined legal and ethical outlines. The objective of this article is to provide tools for the adequate use of social media and digital presence, taking the protection of personal image and disseminated information into consideration.

La revolución digital que se produjo con la llegada de la web 2.0 y el advenimiento de las redes sociales, ha cambiado la forma de comunicación entre los seres humanos, y la relación médico-paciente no escapa a este nuevo ecosistema. La génesis de una identidad digital es fundamental para poder participar como comunicadores en las redes sociales, pero el profesionalismo digital debe enmarcarse en las recomendaciones de buena práctica con marcos ético-legales bien definidos. El objetivo de este documento es brindar herramientas para el buen uso de las redes sociales y la presencia digital, considerando el cuidado de la imagen personal y de la información que se difunde.

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Introducción: En la actualidad se está asistiendo a acelerados cambios determinados por las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, que también han encontrado reflejo en el contexto educacional. Los docentes de la esfera de la salud se hallan en la obligación de emplearlas para potenciar el aprendizaje de sus estudiantes y contribuir a formar profesionales capaces de utilizarlas en su futura labor. Objetivo: Identificar el impacto de una estrategia didáctica basada en recursos de la web 2.0, para favorecer la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la electrocardiografía. Métodos: Se tuvo como eje central la investigación-acción. El universo consistió en 60 estudiantes de cardiología básica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa del curso 2017-2018. Para recabar información se utilizaron la observación del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, las entrevistas y un grupo de discusión; en estos dos últimos casos se empleó una muestra intencional conformada por 6 estudiantes. El análisis bibliográfico posibilitó establecer los aspectos básicos de la estrategia puesta en práctica. Resultados: Se identificaron las potencialidades y las limitaciones en la práctica de la estrategia didáctica, lo que permitió trazar un procedimiento para superarla. Conclusiones: La estrategia didáctica diseñada impactó positivamente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la electrocardiografía y contribuyó a preparar a los estudiantes para el aprendizaje continuo, la actividad profesional y para actuar como futuros investigadores(AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, we are experiencing rapid changes determined by the new information and communication technologies, which have also been reflected in the educational setting. Professors in the field of health should use them, to enhance learning of their students and contribute to training professionals capable of using them in their future work. Objective: To identify the impact of a didactic strategy based on web 2.0 resources and which favors the teaching and learning of electrocardiography. Methods: We obtained action-research as central focus. The study population was made up of 60 students of basic cardiology at the Medical School of Sinaloa Autonomous University in the academic year 2017-18. To gather the information, we used observation of the teaching-learning process, interviews, and a discussion group. For the interviews and the discussion group, we used an intentional sample made up of six students. The literature analysis allowed establishing the basic aspects of the strategy that was implemented. Results: We identified the potentials and limitations in the implementation of the didactic strategy, which allowed designing a procedure to overcome it. Conclusions: The didactic strategy designed impacted the teaching-learning process of electrocardiography positively and helped prepare students for continuous learning, professional activity, and to act as future researchers(AU)

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Introducción: Las redes sociales son el mejor exponente de la llamada Web 2.0. donde personas o entidades se relacionan a través de plataformas, mediante las que pueden comunicarse de forma rápida y simultánea, así como compartir recursos de información y documentación de cualquier tipo. En el momento actual investigadores e instituciones hacen uso de todo tipo de redes para establecer vínculos. Objetivos: Caracterizar los objetivos y elementos que definen las redes académicas, las ventajas y desventajas que presentan y el modo de uso, entre otros aspectos. Material y Método: Se efectuó una extensa búsqueda bibliográfica sobre esta temática que abarcó Sitios Web, libros y revistas, durante los últimos cinco años. Los documentos obtenidos fueron clasificados y evaluados de acuerdo a su pertinencia y calidad. Desarrollo: Se comienza por caracterizar los objetivos y particularidades de la Web 2.0 y algunas formas de obtener información científico técnica para posteriormente introducir las peculiaridades de las Redes Sociales y las Redes Sociales Académicas realizando una particular distinción con las Redes Académicas de investigación que existen en nuestra área, se presentan y discuten las técnicas que se utilizan actualmente para evaluar la calidad de la producción científica de los investigadores. Conclusiones: considerando la novedad y utilidad que representan estas herramientas se considera que este informe puede resultar de interés para investigadores y público en general por el lenguaje asequible conque ha sido redactado(AU)

Introduction: Social networks are the best exponent of the so-called Web 2.0, where people or entities related through platforms can communicate quickly and simultaneously, to share information and documentation resources of any kind. Currently researchers and institutions use networks to establish links. Objective: Characterize the objectives and elements of academic networks, the advantages and disadvantage they present and the way of use, among other aspects. Method: We made an extensive literature search on this subject that included Web sites, books and magazines during the past five years. The documents obtained were classified and evaluated according to their relevance and quality. Development: The objectives and particularities of Web 2.0 are stated, as well as some ways of obtaining scientific and technical information to later introduce the peculiarities of Social Networks and Academic Social Networks, making a particular distinction with the Academic Research Networks that exist in our area. Techniques currently used to assess the quality of the scientific output of researchers are presented and discussed. Conclusions: Considering the novelty and usefulness of these tools, it is considered that this report may be of interest to researchers and the general public due to the affordable language with which it has been written(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has increased in various sectors, among which the healthcare service is no exception. However, studies have mostly focused on the use of ICTs among patients with chronic diseases, with few reports on the advantages and barriers of these technologies among physicians, particularly in Latin America. We designed this study to fill in the gap, as an objective assessment of the frequency of use, perceptions, and barriers of ICTs among physicians remains crucial for a successful implementation of these technologies into the mainstream medical practice. METHODS: We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey-based study in 640 Ecuadorian physicians. The survey used consisted of 13 items and evaluated the frequency of use, perceptions, and barriers of ICTs among physicians. Chi-square tests for goodness of fit and independence were performed, whilst Phi coefficient was interpreted to assess the strength of associations. Fisher exact test was performed when required. RESULTS: Over 90% of physicians reported the use of ICTs to message other colleagues and patients (p=0.000). While 89.5% of physicians used social media to interact with other colleagues, only 58.1% used them to interact with patients (p=0.000). Most participants reported the use of ICTs to search for academic information (p=0.000). Moreover, more than 80.0% agree that ICTs may be used to promote health and medical services, search new job opportunities, get involved in research projects and promote teamwork with colleagues. However, 83.6% of physicians expressed concerns about privacy and patient confidentiality, while 53.8% stated that they lacked the time to use ICTs. CONCLUSION: High usage of ICTs was found among Ecuadorian physicians. Younger physicians, with less postgraduate years, and non-specialists were more likely to have a positive perception toward ICTs. Privacy and patient confidentiality, followed by time management, were the most reported barriers in our study.

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No central online repository exists for the collection of animal images; hence it remains unclear how extensively species have been illustrated in the published literature or online. Here we compiled a list of more than 8000 reptile species (out of 11,341) that have photos in one of six popular online repositories, namely iNaturalist (6,349 species), the Reptile Database (5,144), Flickr (4,386), CalPhotos (3,071), Wikimedia (2,952), and Herpmapper (2,571). These sites have compiled over one million reptile photos, with some species represented by tens of thousands of images. Despite the number of images, many species have only one or a few images. This suggests that a considerable fraction of morphological and geographic variation is under documented or difficult to access. We highlight prominent gaps in amphisbaenians, lizards, and snakes, with geographic hotspots for species without images in Central Africa, Pacific Islands, and the Andes Mountains. We present a list of ~3,000 species without photos in any of the six databases and ask the community to fill the gaps by depositing images on one of these sites (preferably with minimal copyright restrictions).

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El objetivo de este artículo es el diseño de un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica soportado en un observatorio que integre tecnologías de la Web 2.0. La investigación se realizó bajo la perspectiva metodológica cuantitativa, no experimental (transversal), de alcance descriptivo. Para el diagnóstico se aplicó una encuesta utilizando como apoyo tecnológico la herramienta Limesurvey. La muestra estuvo compuesta por profesionales que forman parte de un centro de desarrollo de software en una universidad cubana. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó la herramienta Minitab. Metodológicamente la investigación se apoyó en la Norma Española UNE - 2011 de vigilancia tecnológica y el modelo cubano asociado a factores críticos de vigilancia. Como principales resultados se obtuvo un Sistema de Vigilancia Tecnológica donde se incluyeron, en la gestión de trabajo del núcleo de vigilancia, tecnologías de la Web 2.0 tales como: un foro, wiki y sindicación de contenidos; y como plataforma que integra los elementos y acciones de los procesos de vigilancia, un observatorio tecnológico que permite el intercambio colaborativo entre el equipo de trabajo y los usuarios del centro objeto de estudio(AU)

The objective of the present study was to design a Technological Surveillance System supported in an observatory integrating Web 2.0 technologies. A quantitative non-experimental (cross-sectional) descriptive study was conducted. Diagnosis was based on a survey using the Limesurvey tool as technological support. The sample was composed of professionals from a software development center in a Cuban university. The Minitab tool was used for statistical processing. Methodologically, the study was based on the Spanish standard for technological surveillance UNE - 2011 and the Cuban model associated to critical surveillance factors. The main results obtained were a Technological Surveillance System including work management of the surveillance core, Web 2.0 technologies such as a forum, wiki and content syndication, and as a platform integrating the elements and actions of the surveillance processes, a technological observatory allowing collaborative exchange between the work team and users of the center under study(AU)

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BACKGROUND: The instantaneous spread of information, low costs, and broad availability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) make them an attractive platform for managing care, patient communication, and medical interventions in cancer treatment. There is little information available in Latin America about the level of usage of ICTs for and by cancer patients. Our study attempts to fill this gap. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the level of ICT use and patterns of preferences among cancer patients. METHODS: We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey study in 500 Ecuadorian cancer patients. This questionnaire consisted of 22 items about demographic and clinical data, together with the preferences of people who use ICTs. Chi-square, crude, and adjusted logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS: Of the total, 43.2% (216/500) of participants reported that they had access to the Internet, and 25.4% (127/500) reported that they neither owned a cell phone nor did they have access to the Internet. The Internet constituted the highest usage rate as a source of information about malignant diseases (74.3%, 162/218) regardless of age (P<.001). With regard to the preferences on how patients would like to use ICTs to receive information about diseases, WhatsApp (66.5%, 145/218) and short message service (SMS) text messaging (61.0%, 133/218) were widely reported as interesting communication channels. Similarly, WhatsApp (72.0%, 157/218) followed by SMS (63.8%, 139/218) were reported as the preferred ICTs through which patients would like to ask physicians about diseases. Adjusted regression analysis showed that patients aged between 40 and 64 years were more likely to be interested in receiving information through SMS (odds ratio, OR 5.09, 95% CI 1.92-13.32), as well as for asking questions to physicians through this same media (OR 9.78, CI 3.45-27.67) than the oldest group. CONCLUSIONS: WhatsApp, SMS, and email are effective and widely used ICTs that can promote communication between cancer patients and physicians. According to age range, new ICTs such as Facebook are still emerging. Future studies should investigate how to develop and promote ICT-based resources more effectively to engage the outcomes of cancer patients. The widespread use of ICTs narrows the gap between cancer patients with restricted socioeconomic conditions and those with wealth and easily available technological means, thereby opening up new possibilities in low-income countries.

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The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of uses and preferences of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among Latin American chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey study on Latin American COPD patients. The adapted version of the Michigan questionnaire was employed in eligible outpatients in different cities of Latin America. We categorized age and educational levels into three groups. The time passed since COPD diagnosis was categorized as ≤5 years and >5 years. χ2 and crude and adjusted logistic regressions were performed. A total of 256 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 68.7 years old. The most recurrently used ICTs were short message service (SMS; 47.1%) and WhatsApp (30.7%) for receiving COPD information. Moreover, SMS (85.8%) and Facebook (36.1%) were rated as useful for asking physicians information about COPD. Regression analysis showed that the best predictor for patients using ICTs, for any purpose, was higher education (undergraduate or graduate school). Understanding the preferences of ICTs among COPD patients could help improve patient's outcomes through developing applications in response to specific requirements of each patient.

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Introducción. Las herramientas tecnológicas aplicadas a los ámbitos educativos constituyen uno de los avances más notorios en los últimos años, en todos los niveles de formación. Su importancia se ha potenciado, y su vigencia es cada vez mayor. Por ello, indagar sobre su impacto es un tema de interés para todos los actores de los ámbitos académicos. Objetivos. El propósito del presente artículo es evaluar qué tanto acceso a la web 2.0 tienen los docentes y cómo vienen usando esta herramienta esencial en los centros etnoeducativos de la ciudad Riohacha. Materiales y métodos. El tipo de investigación realizada fue de corte descriptivo, con enfoque no experimental / transaccional. De una población total de 64 docentes en los centros de etnoeducación, se tomó una muestra de 45 educadores, para participar en la aplicación de un instrumento bajo la escala de Likert, que tuvo por objeto identificar su nivel de interacción con las aplicaciones y demás características de la web 2.0. Los resultados se analizaron en el programa Excel, lo que generó información de soporte para su reflexión. Resultados. Los hallazgos permiten aseverar que gran parte de los profesores tiene acceso y pone en práctica la herramienta en su actividad cotidiana. Conclusiones. Luego de analizar las diferentes etapas de la investigación se puede concluir que el docente, en la actualidad, tiene acceso y pone en uso las herramientas web 2.0; asimismo, que guarda una orientación especial por capacitarse y adelantar la gestión académica con apoyo de diversas aplicaciones.

Introduction. Technological tools applied to educative environments constitute one of the most notorious advancements in the last years, in all formation levels. Its importance has strengthened and its validity is larger every day. Therefore, to inquire about its impact is a topic of interest for all agents of academic environments. Objectives. The purpose of this article is to evaluate if teachers have access to WEB 2.0 and how have they been using this essential tool in ethno-educative centers of Riohacha city. Materials and Methods. The type of research performed was the descriptive kind, with a non-experimental/transactional approach. From a population of 64 teachers in the ethno-education centers, a sample of 45 teachers was taken; they should participate in the application of the instrument under the Likert scale, which object was to identify its interaction level with applications and other web 2.0 features. The results were analyzed in Excel software, which generated supporting information to reflection. Results. The findings allow assuring that a large amount of the teachers has access and put in practice the tools in their daily duties. Conclusions. After analyzing the different stages of the research, it can be concluded that the teacher, at present, has access and put into use the Web 2.0 tools; likewise, they maintain a special orientation to be trained and carry on the academic management supported in several applications.

Introdução. As ferramentas tecnológicas aplicadas nos âmbitos educativos constituem num dos avances mais notórios nos últimos anos, em todos os níveis de formação. Sua importância se há potenciado, e sua vigência é cada vez maior. Por isto, indagar sobre seu impacto é um assunto de interesse para todos os atores dos âmbitos acadêmicos. Objetivos. O propósito do presente artigo é avaliar que tanto acesso à web 2.0 tem os professores e como vem usando esta ferramenta essencial nos centros etno-educativos da cidade de Riohacha. Materiais e métodos. O tipo de investigação realizada foi de corte descritivo, com enfoque não experimental / transacional. De uma população total de 64 professores nos centros de etno-educação, se tomou uma amostra de 45 educadores, para participar na aplicação de um instrumento sob a escala de Likert, que teve por objeto identificar seu nível de interação com as aplicações e demais características da web 2.0. Os resultados se analisaram no programa Excel, o que gerou informação de suporte para sua reflexão. Resultados. Os descobrimentos permitem asseverar que grande parte dos professores têm acesso e coloca em prática a ferramenta na sua atividade cotidiana. Conclusões. Logo de analisar as diferentes etapas da investigação se pode concluir que o professor, na atualidade, tem acesso e coloca em uso as ferramentas web 2.0; assim mesmo, que guarda uma orientação especial por capacitar-se e adiantar a gestão acadêmica com apoio de diversas aplicações.

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En esta investigación se explora y describe la adopción de la web social para la alfabetización informacional por parte de las bibliotecas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico (UPR). Los objetivos de este estudio son: identificar las tecnologías de la web social utilizadas por los bibliotecarios para la alfabetización informacional; identificar y examinar la extensión en el uso de las tecnologías; evaluar las actitudes de los bibliotecarios hacia la aplicación de la web social; y la conexión que establecen con los estándares de la Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). El enfoque metodológico del estudio es cualitativo y se utiliza el cuestionario y la entrevista como técnicas para la recogida de datos. Los resultados muestran que el 82% de los participantes de este estudio utilizan la web social para la alfabetización informacional de los usuarios. Las tecnologías de mayor uso son: blogs, redes sociales, media sharing y mashup. El media sharing (Flickr, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest), blog y redes sociales obtuvieron mayor frecuencia de uso por parte de los bibliotecarios. Los participantes presentaron una actitud de aceptación hacia la aplicación de la web social para la alfabetización informacional. En su mayoría, expresaron la conexión que establecen entre las normas de ACRL y el uso de la web social a través de la enseñanza. A partir de los resultados de este estudio, se presentan recomendaciones respecto a la aplicación actual de las herramientas de la web social para la alfabetización en información.

This research explores and describes the adoption of the social web for information literacy by the libraries of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). The objectives of this study are to: identify the social web technologies used by librarians for information literacy; identify the technologies and the extent of use; evaluate the librarian's attitudes towards the application of the social web; identify the technology connection with the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) standards. The methodological approach of the study is qualitative, and the data collection techniques are the questionnaire and the interview. The results show that 82% of the participants of this study use the social web for information literacy. The preferred technologies by librarians are: blogs, social networks, media sharing, and mashup. While the technologies most frequently use are: media sharing (Flickr, YouTube, Instagram, and Pinterest), blog and social networks. The participants presented an attitude of acceptance towards the application of the social web for information literacy and they expressed the connection between the ACRL standards and the use of the social web through teaching. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are presented regarding the current application of social web tools for information literacy.

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O objetivo do trabalho é analisar como ocorre o uso do Facebook como plataforma de relacionamento com o cidadão (Citizen Relationship Management) e suas implicações nos âmbitos do Governo Eletrônico 2.0. Estudos correlatos aos temas de e-gov 2.0, e-participação, e-democracia, Gestão do Conhecimento na esfera pública e do Marketing de Relacionamento (CRM) foram utilizados para subsidiar a construção de um modelo conceitual com níveis de relacionamento virtual entre o cidadão e o Governo. A metodologia de pesquisa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, compreendeu a análise documental da regulamentação estadual correlata ao e-gov e de material gráfico produzido pela Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, análise dos questionários respondidos por gestores públicos e internautas identificados como influentes bem como análise do conteúdo da mídia social por meio de indicadores gerados pela ferramenta FanPage Karma. A pesquisa concluiu que há uma subutilização dos aspectos colaborativos da rede social no que diz respeito às possibilidades potenciais de estímulo à participação do cidadão, prevalecendo um fluxo unidirecional de informação do Governo para o cidadão, que é característico do estágio inicial de Governo Eletrônico.

The main objective of this work is to analyze how the Facebook has been used as a CitizenRelationship Management (CiRM) platform and its implications on the electronic government (e-gov 2.0) context. The analysis unit was the Facebook Fan Page of the State Office of Health from Minas Gerais, Brazil.Correlated studies from e-gov 2.0, e-participation, e-democracy, public sector Knowledge Management (KM) and Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) were analyzed to support the development of a multi-level conceptual model for citizen and Government relationship. The research methodology had a descriptive and exploratory perspective and comprised document analysis of local e-gov regulations, analysis of folders produced by State Office of Health from Minas Gerais to health campaigns, analysis of questionnaires answered by public managers and influent Facebook users and also social media content analysis using indexes provided by FanPage Karma software. The research concluded that there is an underuse of collaborative features of the social network concerning its potential possibilities to stimulate citizen participation, resulting in the prevalence of unidirectional information flow from Government to citizen, which is typical of the initial stage of e-gov.

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Introducción: las páginas web, sitios web, blogs u otras formas de publicación digital permiten promover la construcción colectiva del conocimiento, la generación de oportunidades de aprendizaje y la toma de decisiones más acertadas. La actualización en inmunología, su relación con la fisiología humana y las enfermedades que la afectan, son de competencia para todas las especialidades médicas. Objetivo: crear un sitio web para reunir toda la variedad posible de recursos de información en esta disciplina. Métodos: el sitio web de inmunología fue creado con herramientas digitales destinadas por Infomed e Infomed 2.0 para tales fines: WordPress, AdminPor y la plataforma de blogs. Se mantiene actualizado por medio de la búsqueda activa y diseminación de información relevante y pertinente. Como novedad, los términos que describen las enfermedades, genes y cromosomas mencionados en las notas publicadas, son enlazados por medio de hipervínculos a bases de datos internacionales, de referencia para el conocimiento de los términos en cuestión: OMIM, Gene y Ensembl, respectivamente. Resultados: entre los recursos disponibles por medio de enlaces en el sitio están 11 guías de práctica clínica, 53 revistas científicas, 70 libros o capítulos, 20 sociedades científicas y un repositorio de artículos con 405 trabajos de revisión a texto completo. Se aportan elementos de la historia de la especialidad y se presentan instituciones que laboran en ese campo en Cuba. Conclusiones: se proporciona de este modo una amplia colección de recursos para elevar la competencia y el desempeño profesionales en esta especialidad(AU)

Introduction: Webpages, websites, blogs or other variants of digital publication allow to promote the collective construction of knowledge, the generation of new opportunities for learning and more appropriate decision making. Updating on immunology, its relation to human physiology and the diseases affecting human health, are a competence for all medical specialties. Objective: to create a website in order to collect the increasing variety of information resources of such discipline. Methods: The website on Immunology specialty was created with the digital tools available for such purposes from Infomed and Infomed 2.0: WordPress, AdminPor and the blogs platform. It is updated by an active search and dissemination of relevant and pertinent information. As a novelty, terms describing diseases, genes and chromosomes that are mentioned in the published posts, are linked to international databases of reference for the knowledge of the respective expressions: OMIM, Gene and Ensembl. Results: Among the available resources through hypertext in the website are 11 clinical practice guidelines, 53 scientific journals, 70 books or chapters, 20 scientific societies and a repository of articles containing 405 free full text review papers. Elements about the history of the speciality and the institutions working on the field in Cuba are also covered. Conclusions: A wide collection of resources is offered in order to increase the professional abilities and skills in this speciality(AU)

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Con la introducción de las tecnologías de la información en las bibliotecas, se han producido enormes cambios en la forma de gestionar, comunicar y acceder a la información. Cambios que generan nuevas formas de utilizar los servicios bibliotecarios. El presente trabajo expone la confección de un servicio de referencia virtual, con el objetivo de proporcionar a los usuarios de la biblioteca del Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey el acceso a los diferentes recursos informativos que le permitan su desarrollo técnico profesional. Se utilizó el blogs, que es un servicio de uno a muchos y que tiene dentro de sus fines el proporcionar información a través de la Web(AU)

Great changes in the way of managing, communicating and gaining access to information have been made with the introduction of information technologies in libraries. These changes create new ways of using library services. This work presents the production of a virtual reference service with the objective of providing the users of the library of the Provincial Information Center of the University of Medical Sciences with the access to the different information resources that make available their professional technical development. Blogs, a service from one to many that has among its objectives supplying information through the Web, was used(AU)

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El presente trabajo consiste, por un lado, en una revisión y análisis de la literatura científica referente a los conceptos de inteligencia emergente, inteligencia colectiva e inteligencia colaborativa. Además, en un esbozo de marco teórico, se encamina a dar cuenta de la problemática de los referidos conceptos en el ámbito de la denominada Web 2.0 o Web Colaborativa. En un primer apartado, se realiza una conceptualización y diferenciación de los referidos constructos para, posteriormente, contextualizarlos en el marco de las mencionadas tecnologías. Fuentes pertinentes han sido seleccionadas a través de las bases de datos EBSCO y PsycINFO, así como de Conferencias Online o Journals de publicación digital. Si bien se destacan resultados a favor de la productividad del trabajo colectivo y colaborativo suscitado por estas tecnologías, se señala la ausencia de suicientes estudios exhaustivos que evalúen los alcances de este fenómeno y den cuenta de sus múltiples áreas de aplicación.

This article consists, in the one hand, in a review and analysis of the scientific literature concerning Emergent Intelligence, Collective Intelligence and Collaborative Intelligence concepts. On the other hand, in order to promote a conceptual framework, is routed to give an account of the problem concerning the referred concepts in the scope of the Web 2.0. In the irst section, these constructs are conceptualized and differentiated in order to then contextualize them to the framework of these technologies. Relevant sources have been selected through EBSCO and PsycINFO databases, as well as Online Conferences and digital publication journals. Although some results recorded show the productivity of collective and collaborative work reached through these technologies, this paper reports the lack of enough systematic and exhaustive studies assessing the scopes of this phenomenon and showing its multiple implementation areas.

RESUMO

El presente trabajo consiste, por un lado, en una revisión y análisis de la literatura científica referente a los conceptos de inteligencia emergente, inteligencia colectiva e inteligencia colaborativa. Además, en un esbozo de marco teórico, se encamina a dar cuenta de la problemática de los referidos conceptos en el ámbito de la denominada Web 2.0 o Web Colaborativa. En un primer apartado, se realiza una conceptualización y diferenciación de los referidos constructos para, posteriormente, contextualizarlos en el marco de las mencionadas tecnologías. Fuentes pertinentes han sido seleccionadas a través de las bases de datos EBSCO y PsycINFO, así como de Conferencias Online o Journals de publicación digital. Si bien se destacan resultados a favor de la productividad del trabajo colectivo y colaborativo suscitado por estas tecnologías, se señala la ausencia de suicientes estudios exhaustivos que evalúen los alcances de este fenómeno y den cuenta de sus múltiples áreas de aplicación.(AU)

This article consists, in the one hand, in a review and analysis of the scientific literature concerning Emergent Intelligence, Collective Intelligence and Collaborative Intelligence concepts. On the other hand, in order to promote a conceptual framework, is routed to give an account of the problem concerning the referred concepts in the scope of the Web 2.0. In the irst section, these constructs are conceptualized and differentiated in order to then contextualize them to the framework of these technologies. Relevant sources have been selected through EBSCO and PsycINFO databases, as well as Online Conferences and digital publication journals. Although some results recorded show the productivity of collective and collaborative work reached through these technologies, this paper reports the lack of enough systematic and exhaustive studies assessing the scopes of this phenomenon and showing its multiple implementation areas.(AU)

RESUMO

Con el advenimiento de las tecnologías de información y comunicación se favoreció el desarrollo de experiencias académicas con e-learning en medicina. Con las herramientas tecnológicas de la web 2.0 y en la nube se promovió una participación más activa de los estudiantes y los profesionales médicos en los procesos de formación a través de diversos escenarios educativos bajo esta modalidad. A través de la integración de contenidos interactivos, realidad virtual, videoconferencias, contenidos digitales, recursos web combinados, la sincronía y asincronía y el acceso a los recursos y materiales mediante software multiplataforma se superan las barreras de la distancia y el tiempo en una formación profesional, continua y para toda la vida. Diversas han sido las experiencias de su uso en medicina tanto en el pregrado como en el posgrado, y se cuenta con casos de éxito en su implementación. El propósito del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre las implicaciones del uso del e-learning en la educación médica considerando los pros y contras de su aplicación.

The advent of Information and Communication Technologies favored the development of e-learning academic experiences in medicine. Web 2.0 and Cloud technological tools have spurred a more active participation from students and medical professionals in the education processes by enabling different educational settings. Through the integration of interactive contents, virtual reality, video conferencing, digital contents, combined web resources, synchrony and asynchrony, and the access to material resources through cross-platform software, the boundaries of distance and time in professional education are surmounted, making it continuous and permanent. The experiences of the use of e-learning in medicine in both undergraduate and graduate education have been numerous, and there have been several success cases in its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the implications of the use of e-learning in medical education, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of its application.

RESUMO

Por su alta interactividad, la Web 2.0 promueve una mayor participación del usuario en el manejo de los contenidos, lo cual lleva a nuevos usos de colaboración en Internet; perspectiva que podría transformar significativamente las prácticas educativas. Los elementos dominantes del Web 2.0 incluyen: Blogs, wikis, editores de textos en la Web; agregadores RSS, marcadores sociales, podcasts, sitios en la red para compartirdocumentos, fotografías, presentaciones, microblogging, etc. La comunidad educativa necesita estar enterada de estas tecnologías y de su papel potencial en los procesos de aprendizaje/enseñanza en el campo de la medicina. Con este artículo revisamos las herramientas más comunes de la Web 2.0, las experiencias sobre su uso en la educación médica y algunas recomendaciones para utilizarlas en ambientes educativos virtuales.

Because of its high interactivity the Web 2.0 promotes greater participation in the management of content, leading to new collaborative applications on the Internet; a perspective that could significantly transform educational practices. Key elements of Web 2.0 include: Blogs, wikis, text editors on the Web, RSS aggregators, social bookmarking, podcasts, Web sites to share photos, presentations, microblogging, etc. The educational community needs to be aware of these technologies and their potential role in the processes of learning / teaching in the field of medicine. In this paper, we review the most common tools of Web 2.0, experiences on their use in medical education and some recommendations for use in virtual learning environments.

RESUMO

La aparición de la Web 2.0 ha traído múltiples herramientas muy útiles para la labor diaria del médico, herramientas que nos permiten publicar nuestras experiencias y relacionarnos más directamente con nuestros pacientes y con otros colegas. Muchos de estos instrumentos ya están siendo utilizados por instituciones de salud con mucho provecho. Una de estas herramientas son los WIKIS, una especie de páginas web que nos permiten editar y publicar en grupo desde un simple comunicado hasta productos complejos como un libro. Utilizando las wikis los 70 alumnos del curso de informática médica han logado publicar los códigos internacionales de las enfermedades y los códigos topográficos y morfológicos de las enfermedades oncológicas. (AU)

The emergence of Web 2.0 has brought many useful tools for the physician's daily work, tools that allow us to publish our experiences and engage more directly with our patients and colleagues. Many of these instruments are already being used by health institutions with much profit.One of these tools are wikis, a kind of websites that allow you to edit and post to group from a simple statement to complex products such as a book. Using wikis the 70 students in the course of medical informatics have achieved to publish international codes of diseases and topographical and morphological codes of oncological diseases.(AU)

RESUMO

Un principio básico para cualquier institución de información que desee implementar ofertas en el espacio virtual debe ser considerar los retos que imponen las tecnologías de la información y particularmente la filosofía 2, 0. El servicio de referencia virtual no es ajeno a esta problemática; por eso este artículo describe los riesgos y oportunidades que representan para esta oferta estos cambios tecnológicos, fundamentalmente por la irrupción de la llamada Referencia Social. De igual forma el trabajo aborda algunos ejemplos de servicios basados en referencia social, nacidos fuera del marco de las tradicionales instituciones de información y las premisas que han de observar los de referencia virtual para que se renueven y puedan continuar siendo una de las vías para la satisfacción de las demandas formativas e informativas de la comunidad usuaria

To take into account the challenges imposed by the information technologies and particularly, the philosophy 2, 0, must to be a basic principle for any offer that information institutions want to implement in the virtual space. Reference service has to do with this problem, thus present communication describes the risks and chances representing for this offer the technological changes, mainly due to the invasion of the so called social reference. Likewise, the communication approach some examples of services on the base of social reference born outside of the frame of the traditional information institutions and the premises that must to be observed those of virtual reference for its renewal and may to continue being one of the routes for meeting of formative and informative demands of users

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