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The fluvial transport of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Herein, we assessed the dynamics of DIC and the C stable isotopic composition (δ13CDIC) in a watershed with diversified land use in São Paulo State (Brazil), more specifically in the Sorocaba River basin (SRB) and considered the temporal and spatial scales. For this purpose, twelve fluvial samples at each sampling point (e.g., S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) were collected in the SRB, from June 2009 to May 2010, which represented one complete hydrological cycle that included the extremes of the rainfall and discharge regimes. In addition, the δ13CDIC values were also characterized in the wet and dry season at all sampling points to verify their seasonal variability. The results reflected the seasonal variation in discharges, water temperatures, and electrical conductivities. Most of the DIC was transported in the wet season at all sampling points, where the less negative δ13CDIC values were characterized. The natural sources of DIC are associated with atmospheric/soil CO2 consumption. The anthropogenic impacts on both [DIC] and δ13CDIC are linked to untreated urban sewage that is discharged directly into the Sorocaba River, as well as to aquatic photosynthesis in the Itupararanga Reservoir. From 1970 to 2020, the modeling proposed in this study indicated that the annual flux of DIC (Friver) varied from 9.0 to 78.7 t km-2 a-1, confirming that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) controlled Friver in the SRB, with higher and lower Friver values occurring during strong El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) years. The average Friver value was 20 t km-2 a-1, which is higher than those obtained in natural several temperate and tropical watersheds due to the influences of urban areas on [DIC] in the SRB.

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Due to the anthropogenic pressures of expansion areas for livestock and agricultural production in the Brazilian Cerrado, it is of paramount importance to understand the dynamics of land use/land cover (LULC) changes in this region. Thus, we investigated LULC changes in two sub-basins of the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin from 1997 to 2015 and consequently projected future changes for the timespan between 2030 and 2050. The Formoso sub-basin experienced significant expansion of agricultural and pasture areas, whereas the Sono sub-basin limited farmland expansion (more stable native vegetation) due to substantial protected areas, trends that were also observed for future projections (2030 and 2050). Pastureland in the Formoso sub-basin increased by 5.8%, while the Sono sub-basin saw significant gains in cultivated land, according to change detection analyses during the 1997-2015 period. High stability probabilities of no change (> 70%) for grassland areas in the Sono River sub-basin and pasturelands in the Formoso River sub-basin were computed. The CA-Markov model demonstrated a high consistency level with actual LULC classes for both sub-basins, as indicated by an overall Kappa coefficient above 0.8. Future projections for 2030 and 2050 show a substantial expansion of agriculture and pasture in both sub-basins, driven by specific factors such as soil organic carbon stocks, distance from rural settlements, and proximity to rivers. Short- and mid-term simulations indicate substantial expansion of agriculture and pasture in both basins, with potential adverse impacts on water erosion. Consequently, developing policies for soil management and sustainable land use planning is essential for agroecosystem sustainability, promoting a balanced approach to economic development while addressing climate change and anthropogenic challenges.

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Human actions can damage the ecosystems and affect the services depending on them, with ample detrimental consequences. In earlier studies, the Conservation Use Potential (PCU) framework proved useful in assessing the capacity for aquifer recharge, suitable land uses and resistance to erosion at the river basin scale. On the other hand, the joint analysis of PCU and land uses allowed identifying the adequacy of current uses in relation to suitability (natural uses) in various basins. This was especially useful from the management perspective in basins with environmental conflicts, where current uses differed from suitability, because the PCU indicated how and where the conflicts should be mitigated. Besides the use as management tool, the PCU has potential to shed light over environmental issues such as ecosystem services, but that was not tempted so far. The aim of this work was therefore to bridge that knowledge gap and frame the PCU's application from the standpoint of Ecosystem Services (ES) assessment. We demonstrated how the PCU could be used to improve provision (recharge), support (sustainable agriculture) and regulation (resistance to erosion) services in a specific basin with land use conflicts (the Upper Rio das Velhas basin, located in Minas Gerais, Brazil), through the planning of suitable uses. It was noted that the studied basin is mostly composed of Very Low, Low and Medium potentials. These classes occur because steep slopes, fragile soils and lithologies with high denudation potential and low nutrient supply dominate in the basin. On the other hand, urban sprawl has a negative impact on all ES, while maintaining agricultural areas with appropriate management can effectively regulate erosion. As per the current results, the premise of using the PCU as joint management-environmental tool was fully accomplished, and is recommended a basis for public policy design and implementation in Brazil and elsewhere.

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We tested the effects of ruralization and urbanization on the functional diversity indices and the composition of functional traits of Neotropical stream fish communities. The study was carried out in 24 streams of the Pirapó, Piquiri, Paraná III and Iguassu river basins. Land use in the watershed was categorized as percentages of native vegetation, rural occupation and urban occupation. Statistical tests revealed negative bivariate correlations between functional dispersion and the proportion of native vegetation in the watershed. The results indicate that a higher percentage of rural or urban occupation is associated with increased functional dispersion. In the analyzes of trait composition, significant alterations were observed in response to urbanization while only the increase in herbivory responded to ruralization. As the area of native vegetation is reduced by urbanization, the trait composition changes, with reduced proportions of species with intolerance to hypoxia, migratory reproductive behavior, external fertilization, and subterminal mouth, and increased proportions of species with parental care, detritivory, internal fertilization, and an upper mouth. Therefore, fish species that have these specific characteristics are more likely to disappear from streams as urbanization progresses. In summary, urbanization was related to a greater change in the composition of functional traits than ruralization.(AU)

Nós testamos os efeitos da ruralização e da urbanização sobre os índices de diversidade funcional e da composição de traços funcionais em assembleias de peixes de riachos Neotropicais. Amostras foram feitas em 24 riachos distribuídos nas bacias dos rios Pirapó, Piquiri, Paraná III e Iguaçu. O uso do solo foi categorizado por meio das porcentagens de vegetação, ocupação rural e urbana. Testes estatísticos revelaram correlações negativas bivariadas entre a dispersão funcional e a proporção de vegetação. Os resultados indicaram que maior percentual de ocupação rural ou urbana está associado ao aumento da dispersão funcional. Nas análises de composição de traços foram observadas alterações significativas em resposta à urbanização, enquanto apenas o aumento de herbívoros respondeu à ruralização. À medida que a área de vegetação é reduzida, a composição de traços muda, com redução nas proporções de espécies com intolerância à hipóxia, comportamento reprodutivo migratório, fertilização externa e boca subterminal, e aumento da proporção daquelas com cuidado parental, detritivoria, fertilização interna e boca superior. Portanto, espécies que apresentam essas características têm maior probabilidade de desaparecer dos riachos à medida que a urbanização avança. Em resumo, a urbanização foi relacionada a maior alteração na composição de traços funcionais do que a ruralização.(AU)

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We tested the effects of ruralization and urbanization on the functional diversity indices and the composition of functional traits of Neotropical stream fish communities. The study was carried out in 24 streams of the Pirapó, Piquiri, Paraná III and Iguassu river basins. Land use in the watershed was categorized as percentages of native vegetation, rural occupation and urban occupation. Statistical tests revealed negative bivariate correlations between functional dispersion and the proportion of native vegetation in the watershed. The results indicate that a higher percentage of rural or urban occupation is associated with increased functional dispersion. In the analyzes of trait composition, significant alterations were observed in response to urbanization while only the increase in herbivory responded to ruralization. As the area of native vegetation is reduced by urbanization, the trait composition changes, with reduced proportions of species with intolerance to hypoxia, migratory reproductive behavior, external fertilization, and subterminal mouth, and increased proportions of species with parental care, detritivory, internal fertilization, and an upper mouth. Therefore, fish species that have these specific characteristics are more likely to disappear from streams as urbanization progresses. In summary, urbanization was related to a greater change in the composition of functional traits than ruralization.(AU)

Nós testamos os efeitos da ruralização e da urbanização sobre os índices de diversidade funcional e da composição de traços funcionais em assembleias de peixes de riachos Neotropicais. Amostras foram feitas em 24 riachos distribuídos nas bacias dos rios Pirapó, Piquiri, Paraná III e Iguaçu. O uso do solo foi categorizado por meio das porcentagens de vegetação, ocupação rural e urbana. Testes estatísticos revelaram correlações negativas bivariadas entre a dispersão funcional e a proporção de vegetação. Os resultados indicaram que maior percentual de ocupação rural ou urbana está associado ao aumento da dispersão funcional. Nas análises de composição de traços foram observadas alterações significativas em resposta à urbanização, enquanto apenas o aumento de herbívoros respondeu à ruralização. À medida que a área de vegetação é reduzida, a composição de traços muda, com redução nas proporções de espécies com intolerância à hipóxia, comportamento reprodutivo migratório, fertilização externa e boca subterminal, e aumento da proporção daquelas com cuidado parental, detritivoria, fertilização interna e boca superior. Portanto, espécies que apresentam essas características têm maior probabilidade de desaparecer dos riachos à medida que a urbanização avança. Em resumo, a urbanização foi relacionada a maior alteração na composição de traços funcionais do que a ruralização.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Studies with integrative approaches (based on different lines of evidence) are fundamental for understanding the diversity of organisms. Different data sources can improve the understanding of the taxonomy and evolution of snakes. We used this integrative approach to verify the taxonomic status of Hydrodynastes gigas (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854), given its wide distribution throughout South America, including the validity of the recently described Hydrodynastes melanogigas Franco, Fernandes & Bentim, 2007. METHODS: We performed a phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian Inference with mtDNA 16S and Cytb, and nuDNA Cmos and NT3 concatenated (1,902 bp). In addition, we performed traditional morphometric analyses, meristic, hemipenis morphology and coloration pattern of H. gigas and H. melanogigas. RESULTS: According to molecular and morphological characters, H. gigas is widely distributed throughout South America. We found no evidence to support that H. gigas and H. melanogigas species are distinct lineages, therefore, H. melanogigas is a junior synonym of H. gigas. Thus, the melanic pattern of H. melanogigas is the result of a polymorphism of H. gigas. Melanic populations of H. gigas can be found in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin.

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Una de las campañas más reconocidas en el mundo es la lucha contra el cáncer, siendo el sistema renal uno de los más afectados por esta patología. El carcinoma de células renales (CCR), el más común de cáncer renal en los adultos, representa la sexta causa de muerte por cáncer. Debido al aumento en el uso de las técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen, las lesiones renales pueden ser diagnosticadas en forma incidental aproximadamente en 50% de los casos. Cuba apuesta por el uso de la tecnología en la salud y en la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) se ha desarrollado un sistema para el almacenamiento, transmisión y visualización de imágenes médicas (XAVIA PACS), el cual se encuentra implantado en varios hospitales del país, pero no cuenta con alternativas para realizar la detección del CCR en imágenes tomográficas, haciendo más lento el diagnóstico, lo que se traduce en menos posibilidades para el paciente. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis sobre las principales técnicas de segmentación y procesamiento para la detección de carcinomas renales en imágenes de tomografías abdominal, que propicie a los equipos de desarrollo contar con la base teórica necesaria para enfrentar el problema en cuestión. Para ello se realizó un análisis documental sobre trabajos relacionados con la temática y que propician soluciones al problema. Se estudiaron algoritmos y técnicas computacionales efectivas para la segmentación y procesamiento de imágenes abdominales. Como resultado de la investigación se obtuvieron los algoritmos más acordes para el sistema XAVIA PACS y el contexto médico cubano(AU)

One of the most recognized campaigns in the world is the fight against cancer, the kidney system being one of the most affected by this pathology. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer in adults, represents the sixth leading cause of cancer death. Due to the increased use of diagnostic imaging techniques, kidney injuries can be diagnosed incidentally in approximately 50% of cases. Cuba is committed to the use of technology in health and a system for the storage, transmission and display of medical images (XAVIA PACS) has been developed at the University of Computer Sciences (UCI), which is implanted in several hospitals of the country, but it does not have alternatives to detect RCC in tomographic images, slowing down the diagnosis, which translates into fewer possibilities for the patient. The objective of this research is to carry out an analysis on the main segmentation and processing techniques for the detection of renal carcinomas in abdominal tomography images, which provides development teams with the theoretical basis necessary to face the problem in question. For this, a documentary analysis was carried out on works related to the subject and that provide solutions to the problem. Algorithms and effective computational techniques for the segmentation and processing of abdominal images were studied. As a result of the research, the most suitable algorithms for the XAVIA PACS system and the Cuban medical context were obtained(AU)

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Glyphosate is the main herbicide used in soybean crops, and Brazil is one of the major soybean producers around the world. GLY and AMPA were evaluated in 124 surface waters samples of twenty one micro basins in Paraná Basin 3 (State of Parana, Brazil) over six subsequent weeks. A simple and economical routine methodology was established, based on lyophilization as a pre-concentration method. The validated method showed a limit of detection of 0.0125 and 0.025 µg L-1 for GLY and AMPA, respectively. In general, water samples presented concentrations ranging from 0.31 to 1.65 µg L-1 for GLY. Those values are below the maximum allowed amounts in Brazilian Law (65 µg L-1). The AMPA values were found in the range from 0.50 to 1.40 µg L-1. In summary, GLY was detected in 19.3% and it was quantified in 17.7% of the samples. AMPA was detected in 21.8% and it was quantified in 1.6% of the samples. Although samples did not present values higher than the established by Brazilian Law, GLY and AMPA appear constantly in the samples, which highlight the importance of monitoring studies in watersheds.

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RESUMO Diante do crescimento mundial do gerenciamento participativo de bacias hidrográficas e das diversas dificuldades que o modelo de gestão hídrica brasileiro tem enfrentado para se consolidar na prática, este estudo objetivou discutir o modelo colaborativo de gestão de bacias hidrográficas utilizado nos Estados Unidos da América, especialmente o do estado de Ohio, que tem se destacado na promoção da gestão colaborativa no país, a partir da literatura internacional e de um estudo de caso realizado junto a um dos grupos mais atuantes na gestão de bacias hidrográficas. Salienta-se que a experiência americana proporcionou identificar elementos que, se bem utilizados, podem fortalecer a atuação dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas no Brasil e, consequentemente, na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos Brasileira.

ABSTRACT Faced with the growing of global participatory watershed management and the various difficulties that the Brazilian water management model has faced to consolidate itself in practice, this study aims to discuss the collaborative model of watershed management used in the United States, especially in the state of Ohio, which has excelled in promoting collaborative management in the country, based on international literature and a case study carried out with one of the most active groups in watershed management. It should be noted that the American experience has identified elements that, if well used, can strengthen the performance of watershed committees in Brazil and, consequently, in the Brazilian Water Resources National Policy.

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In Guadeloupe, the use between 1972 and 1993 of chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide, has permanently contaminated the island's soil, thus contaminating the food chain at its very beginning. There is today a strong societal requirement for an improved mapping of the contaminated zones. Given the extent of the areas to be covered, carrying out soil tests on each plot of the territory would be a long and expensive process. In this article, we explore a method of demarcating polluted areas. The approach adopted consists in carrying out, using surface water analyses, a hydrological delimitation that makes it possible to distinguish contaminated watersheds from uncontaminated ones. The selection of sampling points was based on the spatial analysis of the actual and potential contamination data existing at the beginning of the study. The approach was validated by soil analyses, after having compared the contamination data of the watersheds with the soil contamination data of the plots within them. The study thus made it possible to highlight new contaminated areas and also those at risk of contamination and to identify the plots to be targeted as a priority during future analysis campaigns by State services.

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Land use/Land cover (LULC) associated with Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. quantification and distribution can provide identification of the environmental circulation patterns of these parasites. The aim of this research was to relate the occurrence and circulation of these parasites to the LULC watershed with poor sanitation infrastructure and livestock as important economic activity. The study involved 11 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, located in southeastern Brazil. Sampling was carried out at the catchment sites of each water supply on a monthly basis, starting in December 2014 and lasting until November 2015, totalizing 128 samples. Protozoans were quantified according to the 1623.1 US. EPA Method. For watershed delimitation, the hydrographic network was extracted from the hydrology tool of ArcGIS 10.1. The frequency of occurrence of these pathogens and the high concentrations were evidenced in the municipality with the largest urban area (16.2%) and intense livestock activity (39%) near the catchment site. The municipality that showed the lowest frequency of occurrence presented the smallest urban area (0.87%) and absence of livestock activity near the catchment site. The high concentration of pathogens suggests a correlation between the impact on water supply networks and river basin degradation caused by urban activity and livestock.

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RESUMEN Este artículo analiza el enfoque conceptual de los sistemas socioecológicos en las ciencias ambientales. En este se incorporan conceptos y metodologías analíticas de múltiples disciplinas, las cuales permiten ser aplicadas en el concepto de sistemas socioecológicos, y generar así un enfoque holístico e integrador. Dentro de este marco teórico-conceptual, se busca integrar conceptos como resiliencia, adaptabilidad, sistemas complejos y servicios ecosistémicos, y su relación con el sistema social. En este abordaje se muestra la gestión de los ecosistemas, en atención a las múltiples interacciones y fenómenos que rigen su dinámica, que permite, en última instancia, avanzar en una perspectiva interdisciplinaria en la gestión de los ecosistemas y posibilitar la integración de las nuevas condiciones de una sociedad evolutiva, adaptativa y cambiante, que responda a la necesidad de preservar los ecosistemas de los cuales depende el equilibrio social y económico.

ABSTRACT The review analyzes the conceptual approach of Socioecological Systems (SSEs) in the environmental sciences. It incorporates analytical concepts and methodologies of multiple disciplines, which can be applied in the concept of SSEs, to generate a holistic and integral approach. Within this theoretical-conceptual framework, we seek for integrate concepts such resilience, adaptability, complex systems, ecosystem services and their relationship with the social system. This approach shows the management of ecosystems, considering the multiple interactions and phenomena that govern their dynamics. This discussion ultimately allows to advance in an interdisciplinary perspective in the management of ecosystems, enabling an integration of the new conditions within an evolutionary, adaptive and changing society, with the need to preserve the ecosystems on which the social and economic equilibrium depends.

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In steep dry-tropical islands, rural and urban development can lead to accelerated soil erosion and the delivery of land-based materials into marine ecosystems. The objective of this paper was to compare stream water composition, clay minerology, and sediment yield between a partially urbanized (Coral Bay) and an undisturbed (Lameshur) coastal watersheds in St. John, US Virgin Islands (USVI). The saturation index of streamflow water samples was calculated using "The Geochemist's Workbench" software and most likely precipitated minerals from observed storm events was then compared with X-ray diffraction on soil clay mineralogy. The spatial distribution on both annual mean (2010) erosion rates and storm event-wise (Hurricane Otto) sediment yield among the two study watersheds were modeled using the revised and modified universal soil loss equations (RUSLE; MUSLE), respectively. Cations concentration in stream flow water samples and sediment yield were higher for the partially urbanized (Coral Bay) compared to the undisturbed (Lameshur) watershed. Our findings suggest that rural/urban development may increase stream water cations concentration and inputs of sediment to downstream ecosystems. Future studies evaluating the effect of management practices such as pavement or other stabilization of dirt roads and their impact on stream water quality and quantity and sediment yield are crucial for the proper sediment management in the study watersheds and potentially in other rural-urbanizing tropical watersheds.

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BACKGROUND: The importance of water to life is unquestionable. Most of the fresh water we use for daily activities comes from the aquifers, which in many cases due to misuse are overexploited and at risk. This article studies the aquifer that appeared in Laguna de Santiaguillo basin; it should be noted that the most important economic activity in the basin is agriculture. METHODS: By analyzing vector and demographic information, using GIS and with some field trips, the impact and risk on the level of disposition in every micro-basin that forms the basin were determined. RESULTS: The different modeling scenarios demonstrate that the basin and sub-basins that conform Santiaguillo are overexploited. DISCUSSION: The volumes concessioned are of such magnitude that they generate a condition of vulnerability to the activities of the basin and sustain the overexploitation conditions of the aquifer.

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia are associated with cases of water and foodborne outbreaks in the world. This study included 50 samples of surface raw water collected from two watersheds in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The isolation of (oo)cysts was performed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's methods 1623 and genotypic characterization and quantification were carried out by Nested PCR and qPCR assays based on 18S rRNA and gdh genes, respectively. U.S. EPA 1623 method showed the presence of (oo)cysts in 40% ([Formula: see text] = 0.10 oocysts/L) and 100% ([Formula: see text] = 7.6 cysts/L) of samples from São Lourenço River, respectively, and 24% ([Formula: see text] = 0.8 oocysts/L) and 60% ([Formula: see text] = 1.64 cysts/L) of Guarapiranga Reservoir, respectively. The qPCR assay detected C. hominis/parvum in 52% (0.06 to 1.85 oocysts/L) of São Lourenço River and 64% (0.09 to 1.4 oocysts/L) of Guarapiranga Reservoir samples. Presence/absence test for Giardia intestinalis was positive in 92% of São Lourenço River and 8% of Guarapiranga Reservoir samples. The assemblage A was detected in 16% (0.58 to 2.67 cysts/L) in São Lourenço River and no positive samples were obtained for assemblage B in both water bodies. The characterization of anthroponotic species C. parvum/hominis, G. intestinalis, and assemblage A was valuable in the investigation of possible sources of contamination in the watersheds studied confirming the need of expanding environmental monitoring measures for protection of these water sources in our country.

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Water quality monitoring is a complex issue that requires support tools in order to provide information for water resource management. Budget constraints as well as an inadequate water quality network design call for the development of evaluation tools to provide efficient water quality monitoring. For this purpose, a nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) based on an autoassociative neural network was performed to assess the redundancy of the parameters and monitoring locations of the water quality network in the Piabanha River watershed. Oftentimes, a small number of variables contain the most relevant information, while the others add little or no interpretation to the variability of water quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for this purpose. However, conventional PCA is not able to capture the nonlinearities of water quality data, while neural networks can represent those nonlinear relationships. The results presented in this work demonstrate that NLPCA performs better than PCA in the reconstruction of the water quality data of Piabanha watershed, explaining most of data variance. From the results of NLPCA, the most relevant water quality parameter is fecal coliforms (FCs) and the least relevant is chemical oxygen demand (COD). Regarding the monitoring locations, the most relevant is Poço Tarzan (PT) and the least is Parque Petrópolis (PP).

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Abstract The Environmental Impact Assessment of reservoir construction can be viewed as a new strategic perspective for the economic development of a region. Based on the principles of a watershed approach a interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary systemic view including biogeophysiographical, economic and socio environmental studies the new vision of a EIA provides a basic substratum for the restoration economy and an advanced model for the true development much well ahead of the modernization aspects of the project of a reservoir construction.

Resumo A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de reservatórios em construção deve ser considerada como uma nova perspectiva estratégica para o desenvolvimento regional muito mais avançada do que a modernização produzida pela infraestrutura. Baseada no princípio de abordagem sistêmica, interdisciplinar e multidisciplinar incluindo a base biogeofisiográfica, e estudo sócio ambientais, a nova visão da AIA promove um substrato básico para a economia da restauração e para um nível avançado de desenvolvimento muito além do mero processo de modernização produzido pela construção do reservatório. Estas mudanças de paradigma conceitual em governança, economia e sustentabilidade são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento avançado do país.

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Abstract The Environmental Impact Assessment of reservoir construction can be viewed as a new strategic perspective for the economic development of a region. Based on the principles of a watershed approach a interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary systemic view including biogeophysiographical, economic and socio environmental studies the new vision of a EIA provides a basic substratum for the restoration economy and an advanced model for the true development much well ahead of the modernization aspects of the project of a reservoir construction.

Resumo A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de reservatórios em construção deve ser considerada como uma nova perspectiva estratégica para o desenvolvimento regional muito mais avançada do que a modernização produzida pela infraestrutura. Baseada no princípio de abordagem sistêmica, interdisciplinar e multidisciplinar incluindo a base biogeofisiográfica, e estudo sócio ambientais, a nova visão da AIA promove um substrato básico para a economia da restauração e para um nível avançado de desenvolvimento muito além do mero processo de modernização produzido pela construção do reservatório. Estas mudanças de paradigma conceitual em governança, economia e sustentabilidade são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento avançado do país.

RESUMO

The Environmental Impact Assessment of reservoir construction can be viewed as a new strategic perspective for the economic development of a region. Based on the principles of a watershed approach a interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary systemic view including biogeophysiographical, economic and socio environmental studies the new vision of a EIA provides a basic substratum for the restoration economy and an advanced model for the true development much well ahead of the modernization aspects of the project of a reservoir construction.

A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de reservatórios em construção deve ser considerada como uma nova perspectiva estratégica para o desenvolvimento regional muito mais avançada do que a modernização produzida pela infraestrutura. Baseada no princípio de abordagem sistêmica, interdisciplinar e multidisciplinar incluindo a base biogeofisiográfica, e estudo sócio ambientais, a nova visão da AIA promove um substrato básico para a economia da restauração e para um nível avançado de desenvolvimento muito além do mero processo de modernização produzido pela construção do reservatório. Estas mudanças de paradigma conceitual em governança, economia e sustentabilidade são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento avançado do país.

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The Environmental Impact Assessment of reservoir construction can be viewed as a new strategic perspective for the economic development of a region. Based on the principles of a watershed approach a interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary systemic view including biogeophysiographical, economic and socio environmental studies the new vision of a EIA provides a basic substratum for the restoration economy and an advanced model for the true development much well ahead of the modernization aspects of the project of a reservoir construction.(AU)

A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de reservatórios em construção deve ser considerada como uma nova perspectiva estratégica para o desenvolvimento regional muito mais avançada do que a modernização produzida pela infraestrutura. Baseada no princípio de abordagem sistêmica, interdisciplinar e multidisciplinar incluindo a base biogeofisiográfica, e estudo sócio ambientais, a nova visão da AIA promove um substrato básico para a economia da restauração e para um nível avançado de desenvolvimento muito além do mero processo de modernização produzido pela construção do reservatório. Estas mudanças de paradigma conceitual em governança, economia e sustentabilidade são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento avançado do país.(AU)

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