RESUMO

Environmental waters (EW) substantially lend to the transmission of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). But the increase in Hp infections and antimicrobial resistance is often attributed to socioeconomic status. The connection between socioeconomic status and Hp prevalence in EW is however yet to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the impacts of socioeconomic indices (SI: continent, world bank region (WBR), world bank income (WBI), WHO region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI quintile), Sustainable Development Index (SuDI), and Human Development Index (HDI)) on the prevalence of Hp in EW. Hp-EW data were fitted to a generalized linear mixed-effects model and SI-guided meta-regression models with a 1000-resampling test. The worldwide prevalence of Hp in EW was 21.76% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.29-40.29], which declined significantly from 59.52% [43.28-74.37] in 1990-99 to 19.36% [3.99-58.09] in 2010-19 and with increasing trend in 2020-22 (33.33%, 22.66-45.43). Hp prevalence in EW was highest in North America (45.12%, 17.07-76.66), then Europe (22.38%, 5.96-56.74), South America (22.09%, 13.76-33.49), Asia (2.98%, 0.02-85.17), and Africa (2.56%, 0.00-99.99). It was negligibly different among sampling settings, WBI, and WHO regions demonstrating highest prevalence in rural location [42.62%, 3.07-94.56], HIEs [32.82%, 13.19-61.10], and AMR [39.43%, 19.92-63.01], respectively. However, HDI, sample size, and microbiological method robustly predict Hp prevalence in EW justifying 26.08%, 21.15%, and 16.44% of the true difference, respectively. In conclusion, Hp is highly prevalence in EW across regional/socioeconomic strata and thus challenged the uses of socioeconomic status as surrogate for hygienic/sanitary practices in estimating Hp infection prevalence.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Leptospirosis is a disease endemic to both rural and urban areas of tropical countries and resource-poor communities. Little information is available on the presence of Leptospira spp. in urban water sources. A study was conducted to detect pathogenic Leptospira in ornamental water fountains in Cali, Colombia. Twenty-seven water fountains were tested for pathogenic Leptospira using a multiplex PCR assay targeting the secY and the flaB genes. Pathogenic Leptospira was confirmed in 11 (41%) ornamental water fountains. Plazas, building exteriors, and sidewalks presented the highest proportion (67%) of pathogenic Leptospira-positive water fountains. Urban ornamental water fountains might be sources of pathogenic Leptospira and might pose a risk to humans who come into close contact, although relevance from a public health perspective is yet to be established.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical compositions of three medicinal Brazilian plants leaves and bast extracts, and to determine their antibacterial activity on three foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens. Parkia platycephala, Pouteria ramiflora and Lophanthera lactescens leaves and basts were collected and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. Qualitative screening of the phytochemical extracts was performed with three replicates and in triplicate in order to identify the bioactive compounds. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericide Concentration were determined by microdilution in broth and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus growth was observed on agar plates. Phytochemical composition analysis allowed for the identification of anthraquinones, catechins, saponins, tannins, sesquiterpenlactones and other lactones in the three plants leaves and bast aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. Eighty-three percent of the plant extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and P. platycephala extracts were the only ones that inhibited E. coli and S. typhimurium growth. The present study contributes significantly to the phytochemical composition characterization of three plant species commonly used in Brazilian traditional medicine. The plant extracts in vitro antibacterial activity was demonstrated and catechins present in the extracts are, most likely, the bioactive compounds responsible for this action.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição fitoquímica dos extratos de folhas e das entrecascas de três plantas medicinais brasileiras e determinar a sua atividade antimicrobiana contra três patógenos bacterianos de alimentos. Foram elaborados extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos, por meio de folhas e de entrecascas de Parkiaplatycephala, Pouteriaramiflora e Lophantheralactescens. O estudo qualitativo dos extratos foi realizado com três réplicas, em triplicata, para permitir a identificação dos compostos bioativos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima foram determinadas por microdiluição contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium e Staphylococcus aureus. A análise da composição fitoquímica permitiu identificar antraquinonas, catequinas, saponinas, taninas, sesquiterpenlactonas e outras lactonas nos extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos das folhas e das entrecascas das três plantas. Oitenta e três porcento dos extratos das plantas apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra S. aureus. Os extratos de P. platycephala foram os únicos que inibiram o crescimento de E. coli e S. typhimurium. Este estudo contribui significativamente para a caracterização da composição fitoquímica de três espécies de plantas, frequentemente, utilizadas na medicina tradicional brasileira. A atividade antibacteriana, in vitro, dos extratos das plantas foi demonstrada, e as catequinas são, provavelmente, o composto bioativo responsável por essa atividade.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical compositions of three medicinal Brazilian plants’ leaves and bast extracts, and to determine their antibacterial activity on three foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens. Parkia platycephala, Pouteria ramiflora and Lophanthera lactescens leaves and basts were collected and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. Qualitative screening of the phytochemical extracts was performed with three replicates and in triplicate in order to identify the bioactive compounds. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericide Concentration were determined by microdilution in broth and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus growth was observed on agar plates. Phytochemical composition analysis allowed for the identification of anthraquinones, catechins, saponins, tannins, sesquiterpenlactones and other lactones in the three plants’ leaves and bast aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. Eighty-three percent of the plant extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and P. platycephala extracts were the only ones that inhibited E. coli and S. typhimurium growth. The present study contributes significantly to the phytochemical composition characterization of three plant species commonly used in Brazilian traditional medicine. The plant extracts’ in vitro antibacterial activity was demonstrated and catechins present in the extracts are, most likely, the bioactive compounds responsible for this action.

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição fitoquímica dos extratos de folhas e das entrecascas de três plantas medicinais brasileiras e determinar a sua atividade antimicrobiana contra três patógenos bacterianos de alimentos. Foram elaborados extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos, por meio de folhas e de entrecascas de Parkiaplatycephala, Pouteriaramiflora e Lophantheralactescens. O estudo qualitativo dos extratos foi realizado com três réplicas, em triplicata, para permitir a identificação dos compostos bioativos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima foram determinadas por microdiluição contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium e Staphylococcus aureus. A análise da composição fitoquímica permitiu identificar antraquinonas, catequinas, saponinas, taninas, sesquiterpenlactonas e outras lactonas nos extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos das folhas e das entrecascas das três plantas. Oitenta e três porcento dos extratos das plantas apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra S. aureus. Os extratos de P. platycephala foram os únicos que inibiram o crescimento de E. coli e S. typhimurium. Este estudo contribui significativamente para a caracterização da composição fitoquímica de três espécies de plantas, frequentemente, utilizadas na medicina tradicional brasileira. A atividade antibacteriana, in vitro, dos extratos das plantas foi demonstrada, e as catequinas são, provavelmente, o composto bioativo responsável por essa atividade.

Assuntos