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The Tunuyán and Mendoza River Basins (Province of Mendoza, Argentina) have been selected as a representative semiarid region to test the applicability of an integrated water quality evaluation. To detect spatio-temporal variations of anthropic contamination, physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, as well as three ecotoxicological assays, were assessed in reference sites for 3 years. Bioassays based on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the vascular plant Lactuca sativa, and the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were performed and toxicological categories were established. Our results showed that water quality, as well as water toxicity, deteriorates as both river systems run through urban areas. Interestingly, monitoring sites with good physicochemical and bacteriological qualities but with toxicity were identified, illustrating that traditional water quality studies do not predict potential toxic effects on living organisms. In addition, a multivariate statistical analysis was performed to detect clusters of monitoring sites according to the water quality status. In the context of climate change, this study provides information to support that integrated water monitoring is an essential tool to ensure sustainable water management and to guarantee economic growth, human health, food security, and environmental protection.

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This study investigates the application of the Gaussian Radial Basis Function Neural Network (GRNN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Multilayer Perceptron Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (MLP-PSO) models in analyzing the relationship between rainfall and runoff and in predicting runoff discharge. These models utilize autoregressive input vectors based on daily-observed TRMM rainfall and TMR inflow data. The performance evaluation of each model is conducted using statistical measures to compare their effectiveness in capturing the complex relationships between input and output variables. The results consistently demonstrate that the MLP-PSO model outperforms the GRNN and GPR models, achieving the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) across multiple input combinations. Furthermore, the study explores the application of the Empirical Mode Decomposition-Hilbert-Huang Transform (EMD-HHT) in conjunction with the GPR and MLP-PSO models. This combination yields promising results in streamflow prediction, with the MLP-PSO-EMD model exhibiting superior accuracy compared to the GPR-EMD model. The incorporation of different components into the MLP-PSO-EMD model significantly improves its accuracy. Among the presented scenarios, Model M4, which incorporates the simplest components, emerges as the most favorable choice due to its lowest RMSE values. Comparisons with other models reported in the literature further underscore the effectiveness of the MLP-PSO-EMD model in streamflow prediction. This study offers valuable insights into the selection and performance of different models for rainfall-runoff analysis and prediction.

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The strategy of considering a model that is comparable to the Soil Conservation Service Curve-Number (SCS-CN) method that employs land use maps to estimate the effects of land use on the water quality has considerable potential for application. This paper presents the LUPC (Land Use Pollutant Contribution) Model to estimate water pollution from the watershed land use obtained by satellite image classification (Sentinel-2). It defines that each land use produces a specific pollutant load per unit area, called Pollutant Standard Index (PSI), which undergoes degradation and/or retention until it reaches the river. This decay estimate is based on a Kernel Function. Organic matter (OM) was the pollutant chosen for the definition of the LUPC model and fractions of labile and refractory organic matter (LOM, ROM). The model was applied to the Barigüi River basin, and five samples were collected at 12 points along the river. Water quality parameters such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV-Visible absorbance in addition to chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and nitrogen and phosphorus fractions were the reference for modeling purposes. The results indicate that organic loads can be estimated from watershed characteristics, despite influence from seasonal influences captured by the PSI values and the basin shape parameter. Considering its versatile response, the LUPC model can be used for integrated water resources and land use planning and management and be indicator of the potential pollution of rivers by OM.

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Knowledge and understanding of the functioning of watersheds is essential for constructing future scenarios that aim to minimize instability. However, new approaches including variables, methods, and techniques into traditional methodologies contribute to environmental planning and management of such territorial units. This study aims to propose a model based on a multicriterion spatial approach for the analysis of the geomorphometric environmental fragility of watersheds. This study was conducted in the Murundú-Paiol watershed, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Morphometric, geological, pedological, hypsometric, slope, land use, and land cover data were evaluated and integrated using geotechnologies for processing and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) considering a weighted linear combination for an integrated spatial analysis of the watershed. The study area shows a greater predisposition to fragility in areas of flat and smooth reliefs, especially around the main river, where there is a greater presence of anthropic areas. The methodology proposed here, which uses a multicriterion spatial approach and AHP, combined with technical and scientific data, allows replicating the model to another watersheds. Modeling was validated in a cooperative way using an in-field, traditional method. The watershed evaluated showed that 49.13% and 26.83% of lands have medium and low fragility, respectively, while about 17% of lands have a high fragility and their management should be a priority. Modeling correlates strongly and positively with fragility class detailing, and field areas corroborate the model proposed here. This evidenced a robust analysis of factors that affect the geomorphometric environmental fragility of watersheds. The method is efficient in contributing to environmental planning and management of this territorial unit.

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Climate change and the intensification of anthropogenic activities in watersheds have been substantially changing the streamflow regime, which is a problem for water resource managers. This study assesses the influence of the changes in land use and land cover and rainfall on the streamflow regime. This study also models the pattern of these streamflows according to the rainfall and land use and land cover in the Santo Antônio River watershed, located in the transitioning region of the Brazilian Biomes Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. To assess the dynamic relationship between land use and land cover and the streamflow regime, five classes of land use and land cover were used. To characterize the hydrological pattern, data from six streamflow gauges and 24 rainfall gauges that influence the study area were used. Multiple regression models were adjusted to estimate streamflow using the explanatory variables rainfall and land use and land cover. As result, a direct relationship was found, as the decrease in streamflow in some drainage areas was influenced by the decrease in rainfall over the base period. The relationship between land use and land cover and streamflow was not significant. The reductions in the streamflow regimes over the years in the watershed were influenced by reductions in annual rainfall, which reduced about 19% while the water withdrawals from 2003 to 2014 increased 2350%. The results found in this study are useful to the water managers since they can estimate streamflow in any part of the studied river through rainfall and land use and land cover data. This helps to reduce the risks associated with the water allocation process.

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Abstract Lake Laguna Santa Elena, a freshwater body, located in mid-south of Chile, is an environmental asset used as a water resource by the agricultural and touristic sector and is the habitat for a wide variety of endemic avifauna. The objective of this study was to assign a monetary value to this lacustrine body, using the methodology of AMUVAM (Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental Active Values). The information was collected through the application of surveys to a panel of experts involved in the use of the environmental resource. The result obtained with the AMUVAM method corresponds to the US $ 17,780,686, a figure that represents an estimated value of the TEV (Total Economic Value) of the environmental asset. This study, a pioneer in the Region, will support decision making, allowing an adequate management of this critical water resource.

Resumo A Laguna Santa Elena, um corpo de água doce localizado no centro-sul do Chile, é um ativo ambiental usado como recurso hídrico pelos setores agrícola e turístico e é o habitat de uma ampla variedade de avifauna endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi atribuir um valor monetário a esse corpo lacustre, utilizando a metodologia da AMUVAM (Análise Multicritério de Valores Ambientais Ativos). As informações foram coletadas por meio da aplicação de pesquisas a um painel de especialistas envolvidos no uso do recurso ambiental. O resultado obtido com o método AMUVAM corresponde a US$ 17.780.686, que representam um valor estimado do valor econômico total (VT) do ativo ambiental. Este estudo, pioneiro na região, apoiará a tomada de decisões, permitindo um gerenciamento adequado desse recurso hídrico crítico.

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Resumen Se presenta la caracterización del ambiente acuático, el ecosistema ribereño y las comunidades de macroinvertebrados en siete cuencas del flanco oeste del Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén (PNYCh). Se aplicó el protocolo CERA que incluye el Índice Biótico Andino (IBA), el Índice de Hábitat Fluvial (IHF), el Índice de quebrada Andina (Qbr-And) y la combinación de los tres índices para determinar el Índice de Estado Ecológico de Ríos Andinos (ECOSTRIAND) en cada punto de muestreo. Asimismo, se estimaron los índices FBI y BMWP-Col para comparar la calidad de agua. Los muestreos se realizaron en las siete cuencas, entre los 1800 y los 2500 m de altitud, en la parte alta dentro del PNYCh, y en las cuencas media y baja, ambas en la zona de amortiguamiento del PNYCh. En las cuencas evaluadas se colectaron 179 taxa, 66 familias y 14 órdenes. Dentro del PNYCh los valores de IHF y Qbr-And fueron óptimos y en general fueron disminuyendo en calidad al alejarse del PNYCh. El IBA fue muy bueno en todas las cuencas y en todos los puntos de muestreo. Sin embargo, al combinar los 3 índices se observó una disminución del estado ecológico (ECOSTRIAND) de Muy bueno a Bueno y Regular. Los resultados finales muestran que el índice de estado ecológico disminuye al alejarse del PNYCh y esto coincide con un mayor disturbio de los bosques ribereños. Por último, se discute la protección legal de este tipo de ecosistemas ribereños en varios países de América y específicamente en Perú.

Abstract We present the characterization of the aquatic environment, riparian ecosystem and macroinvertebrate communities in 7 basins of the west slope of the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park (PNYCh). The CERA protocol, including the Andean Biotic Index (ABI), the Fluvial Habitat Index (IHF), the Andean Creek Index (Qbr-And) were estimated and the combination of these 3 indexes allowed to calculate the Ecological Status Index of Andean Rivers (ECOSTRIAND) at each sampling point. Additionally the FBI and BMWP-Col indexes were calculated. Sampling was carried out in the 7 basins, between 1800 and 2500 meters of altitude, including the upper basins inside the PNYCh, in the middle and lower basins, both in the buffer zone of the park. We found 179 taxa, 66 families and 14 orders in all basins evaluated. Within the PNYCh, the values of IHF and Qbr-And were optimal, but to go down basins, the indexes generally were decreasing in quality. The IBA was very good in all basins and all sampling points. However, when the 3 indexes were combining, the ECOSTRIAND index decreased, changed from very good to good and regular in some basins. The final results show that the ecological status index decreased as it moves away from PNYCh, this is associated with a greater riparian forests disturbance. Finally, we discussed the legal protection of this type of forest in several countries of America and specifically in Peru

RESUMO

Lake Laguna Santa Elena, a freshwater body, located in mid-south of Chile, is an environmental asset used as a water resource by the agricultural and touristic sector and is the habitat for a wide variety of endemic avifauna. The objective of this study was to assign a monetary value to this lacustrine body, using the methodology of AMUVAM (Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental Active Values). The information was collected through the application of surveys to a panel of experts involved in the use of the environmental resource. The result obtained with the AMUVAM method corresponds to the US $ 17,780,686, a figure that represents an estimated value of the TEV (Total Economic Value) of the environmental asset. This study, a pioneer in the Region, will support decision making, allowing an adequate management of this critical water resource.(AU)

A Laguna Santa Elena, um corpo de água doce localizado no centro-sul do Chile, é um ativo ambiental usado como recurso hídrico pelos setores agrícola e turístico e é o habitat de uma ampla variedade de avifauna endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi atribuir um valor monetário a esse corpo lacustre, utilizando a metodologia da AMUVAM (Análise Multicritério de Valores Ambientais Ativos). As informações foram coletadas por meio da aplicação de pesquisas a um painel de especialistas envolvidos no uso do recurso ambiental. O resultado obtido com o método AMUVAM corresponde a US$ 17.780.686, que representam um valor estimado do valor econômico total (VT) do ativo ambiental. Este estudo, pioneiro na região, apoiará a tomada de decisões, permitindo um gerenciamento adequado desse recurso hídrico crítico.(AU)

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A presente pesquisa focou o estudo de um sistema de tratamento alternativo de esgoto instalado próximo ao ribeirão Capanema, localizado no município de Itirapuã, estado de São Paulo (Brasil). O sistema de tratamento utilizado é realizado por um conjunto de três lagoas facultativas que tem como intuito minimizar as concentrações de compostos contaminantes presentes no rejeito liquido do Capanema, entre eles o fósforo (P) oriundo da atividade agrícola na região. O processo de depuração dos rejeitos da água ocorre a partir da ação anaeróbica e aeróbica caracterizada pelo processo anóxico e por aeração, além da reação ultravioleta da radiação solar ocorrida no interior do conjunto de lagoas facultativas. As mesmas são formadas por uma lagoa inicial denominada anaeróbica de volume 5.580 m3, sendo seguida por uma lagoa primária de3.830 m3 e uma secundária de 4.960 m3. Somente após a água derivada do rio Capanema passar pelo conjunto de lagoa facultativa é que o efluente tratado volta ao curso normal do ribeirão já com uma qualidade melhor das águas. A qualidade é verificada pelo aumento da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido(OD) nas águas em torno de 70%. Na pesquisa foi monitorado coletas de amostras de entrada e saída do sistema de lagoas durante três meses no ano de 2018, onde as amostras acondicionadas em garrafas PET de 500 ml foram congeladas à -5oC para posterior preparo em laboratório para analise de presença de fósforo total pelo método oficial 973.55 da AOAC. Após o preparo das amostras e analise pelo processo de espectrofotométria das amostras de entrada e saída o valor percentual médio de remoção de fósforo total das águas ficou em 22,58%, com concentração de fósforo em torno de 10,76 mg.L-1. Tal diminuição gera uma menor carga difusa que promove uma melhor preservação do corpo hídrico, uma vez que impacta menos a via aquática do ribeirão Capanema. Haja vista que por tal ...(AU)

This research focused on the study of an alternative sewage treatment system installed near the Capanema stream, located in the municipality of Itirapuã, state of São Paulo (Brazil). The treatment system used is performed by a set of three optional lagoons that aims to minimize the concentrations of contaminating compounds present in Capanema liquid tailings, among them the phosphorus (P) from the agricultural activity in the region. The purification process of water tailings occurs from the anaerobic and aerobic action characterized by the anoxic and aeration process, as well as the ultraviolet reaction of solar radiation that occurred inside the facultative ponds. They are formed by an initial anaerobic lagoon of 5,580 m3 volume, followed by a primary lagoon of 3,830 m3 and a secondary lagoon of 4,960 m3. Only after the water derived from the Capanema River passes through the facultative lagoon pool does the treated effluent return to the normal course of the stream with betterwater quality. The quality is verified by the increase of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the waters around 70%. In the research, samples were collected from inlets and outlets of the lagoon system during three months in2018, where the samples packed in 500 ml PET bottles were frozen at -5oC for subsequent preparation in laboratory for total phosphorus presence analysis AOAC official method 973.55. After sample preparation and analysis by the spectrophotometric process of the inlet and outlet samples the mean percentage value of total phosphorus removal from the waters was 22.58%, with phosphorus concentration around 10.76 mg.L-1. This decrease generates a less diffuse charge that promotes better preservation of the water body, since it impacts less the waterway of the Capanema stream. Considering that by this process the creek itself has an improvement in its classification of water body...(AU)

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RESUMO

A presente pesquisa focou o estudo de um sistema de tratamento alternativo de esgoto instalado próximo ao ribeirão Capanema, localizado no município de Itirapuã, estado de São Paulo (Brasil). O sistema de tratamento utilizado é realizado por um conjunto de três lagoas facultativas que tem como intuito minimizar as concentrações de compostos contaminantes presentes no rejeito liquido do Capanema, entre eles o fósforo (P) oriundo da atividade agrícola na região. O processo de depuração dos rejeitos da água ocorre a partir da ação anaeróbica e aeróbica caracterizada pelo processo anóxico e por aeração, além da reação ultravioleta da radiação solar ocorrida no interior do conjunto de lagoas facultativas. As mesmas são formadas por uma lagoa inicial denominada anaeróbica de volume 5.580 m3, sendo seguida por uma lagoa primária de3.830 m3 e uma secundária de 4.960 m3. Somente após a água derivada do rio Capanema passar pelo conjunto de lagoa facultativa é que o efluente tratado volta ao curso normal do ribeirão já com uma qualidade melhor das águas. A qualidade é verificada pelo aumento da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido(OD) nas águas em torno de 70%. Na pesquisa foi monitorado coletas de amostras de entrada e saída do sistema de lagoas durante três meses no ano de 2018, onde as amostras acondicionadas em garrafas PET de 500 ml foram congeladas à -5oC para posterior preparo em laboratório para analise de presença de fósforo total pelo método oficial 973.55 da AOAC. Após o preparo das amostras e analise pelo processo de espectrofotométria das amostras de entrada e saída o valor percentual médio de remoção de fósforo total das águas ficou em 22,58%, com concentração de fósforo em torno de 10,76 mg.L-1. Tal diminuição gera uma menor carga difusa que promove uma melhor preservação do corpo hídrico, uma vez que impacta menos a via aquática do ribeirão Capanema. Haja vista que por tal ...

This research focused on the study of an alternative sewage treatment system installed near the Capanema stream, located in the municipality of Itirapuã, state of São Paulo (Brazil). The treatment system used is performed by a set of three optional lagoons that aims to minimize the concentrations of contaminating compounds present in Capanema liquid tailings, among them the phosphorus (P) from the agricultural activity in the region. The purification process of water tailings occurs from the anaerobic and aerobic action characterized by the anoxic and aeration process, as well as the ultraviolet reaction of solar radiation that occurred inside the facultative ponds. They are formed by an initial anaerobic lagoon of 5,580 m3 volume, followed by a primary lagoon of 3,830 m3 and a secondary lagoon of 4,960 m3. Only after the water derived from the Capanema River passes through the facultative lagoon pool does the treated effluent return to the normal course of the stream with betterwater quality. The quality is verified by the increase of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the waters around 70%. In the research, samples were collected from inlets and outlets of the lagoon system during three months in2018, where the samples packed in 500 ml PET bottles were frozen at -5oC for subsequent preparation in laboratory for total phosphorus presence analysis AOAC official method 973.55. After sample preparation and analysis by the spectrophotometric process of the inlet and outlet samples the mean percentage value of total phosphorus removal from the waters was 22.58%, with phosphorus concentration around 10.76 mg.L-1. This decrease generates a less diffuse charge that promotes better preservation of the water body, since it impacts less the waterway of the Capanema stream. Considering that by this process the creek itself has an improvement in its classification of water body...

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The upper Teles Pires River basin is located in the Brazilian agriculture frontier in the north of Mato Grosso state and has experienced significant changes in land use and cover, which can cause major changes in its hydrological dynamics. Climatic and hydrologic data are scarce in the region, which poses uncertainties in the decision-making process aiming at the sustainable management of water resources in this strategic area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Large-Scale Distributed Hydrological Model (MGB-IPH) to assess water availability of the upper Teles Pires basin and support water resource management in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone. The MGB-IPH model was calibrated and validated using data from three streamflow stations available in the basin. In order to verify the model performance, the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) and the PBIAS statistical parameters were applied. Our results show that, by using the MGB-IPH model with generally available data, the maximum and minimum flow regimes can be successfully assessed in the upper Teles Pires basin. The continuity curves of daily flow simulated by the model showed a good fit with the observed flow. Overall, the results demonstrated the applicability of the MGB-IPH model for water resource assessment and management in the basin.(AU)

A bacia do alto Rio Teles Pires está localizada na região de fronteira agrícola no norte de Mato Grosso, onde significativas mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo vem ocorrendo, o que, por sua vez, pode resultar em alterações importantes na dinâmica hidrológica da bacia. Dados climáticos e hidrológicos são escassos na bacia, o que gera dificuldades para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos nesta região estratégica. No presente trabalho, avaliamos o desempenho do Modelo de Grandes Bacias (MGB-IPH) para a estimativa da disponibilidade hídrica da bacia do alto Teles Pires, visando o suporte à tomada de decisões para a gestão hídrica no ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado. O modelo MGB-IPH foi calibrado e validado utilizando séries históricas de três estações hidrométricas presentes na bacia. Para avaliação da qualidade do modelo, foram empregados os índices estatísticos de desempenho de Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) e a porcentagem BIAS (PBIAS). Com base nos resultados é possível afirmar que a utilização do modelo MGB-IPH possibilita a estimativa das vazões mínimas e máximas da bacia do alto Teles Pires de forma satisfatória. As curvas de continuidade das vazões diárias simuladas pelo modelo apresentaram um bom ajuste com os dados observados. Os resultados demonstram a aplicabilidade do modelo MGB-IPH como ferramenta de apoio à avaliação e gestão dos recursos hídricos na bacia.(AU)

RESUMO

The upper Teles Pires River basin is located in the Brazilian agriculture frontier in the north of Mato Grosso state and has experienced significant changes in land use and cover, which can cause major changes in its hydrological dynamics. Climatic and hydrologic data are scarce in the region, which poses uncertainties in the decision-making process aiming at the sustainable management of water resources in this strategic area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Large-Scale Distributed Hydrological Model (MGB-IPH) to assess water availability of the upper Teles Pires basin and support water resource management in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone. The MGB-IPH model was calibrated and validated using data from three streamflow stations available in the basin. In order to verify the model performance, the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) and the PBIAS statistical parameters were applied. Our results show that, by using the MGB-IPH model with generally available data, the maximum and minimum flow regimes can be successfully assessed in the upper Teles Pires basin. The continuity curves of daily flow simulated by the model showed a good fit with the observed flow. Overall, the results demonstrated the applicability of the MGB-IPH model for water resource assessment and management in the basin. (AU)

A bacia do alto Rio Teles Pires está localizada na região de fronteira agrícola no norte de Mato Grosso, onde significativas mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo vem ocorrendo, o que, por sua vez, pode resultar em alterações importantes na dinâmica hidrológica da bacia. Dados climáticos e hidrológicos são escassos na bacia, o que gera dificuldades para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos nesta região estratégica. No presente trabalho, avaliamos o desempenho do Modelo de Grandes Bacias (MGB-IPH) para a estimativa da disponibilidade hídrica da bacia do alto Teles Pires, visando o suporte à tomada de decisões para a gestão hídrica no ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado. O modelo MGB-IPH foi calibrado e validado utilizando séries históricas de três estações hidrométricas presentes na bacia. Para avaliação da qualidade do modelo, foram empregados os índices estatísticos de desempenho de Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) e a porcentagem BIAS (PBIAS). Com base nos resultados é possível afirmar que a utilização do modelo MGB-IPH possibilita a estimativa das vazões mínimas e máximas da bacia do alto Teles Pires de forma satisfatória. As curvas de continuidade das vazões diárias simuladas pelo modelo apresentaram um bom ajuste com os dados observados. Os resultados demonstram a aplicabilidade do modelo MGB-IPH como ferramenta de apoio à avaliação e gestão dos recursos hídricos na bacia.(AU)

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Abstract Lake Laguna Santa Elena, a freshwater body, located in mid-south of Chile, is an environmental asset used as a water resource by the agricultural and touristic sector and is the habitat for a wide variety of endemic avifauna. The objective of this study was to assign a monetary value to this lacustrine body, using the methodology of AMUVAM (Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental Active Values). The information was collected through the application of surveys to a panel of experts involved in the use of the environmental resource. The result obtained with the AMUVAM method corresponds to the US $ 17,780,686, a figure that represents an estimated value of the TEV (Total Economic Value) of the environmental asset. This study, a pioneer in the Region, will support decision making, allowing an adequate management of this critical water resource.

Resumo A Laguna Santa Elena, um corpo de água doce localizado no centro-sul do Chile, é um ativo ambiental usado como recurso hídrico pelos setores agrícola e turístico e é o habitat de uma ampla variedade de avifauna endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi atribuir um valor monetário a esse corpo lacustre, utilizando a metodologia da AMUVAM (Análise Multicritério de Valores Ambientais Ativos). As informações foram coletadas por meio da aplicação de pesquisas a um painel de especialistas envolvidos no uso do recurso ambiental. O resultado obtido com o método AMUVAM corresponde a US$ 17.780.686, que representam um valor estimado do valor econômico total (VT) do ativo ambiental. Este estudo, pioneiro na região, apoiará a tomada de decisões, permitindo um gerenciamento adequado desse recurso hídrico crítico.

RESUMO

The Tietês river source is at the county of Salesópolis and his course flows into the country of São Paulo state, characteristic which allowed its utilization as an important path for indigenous, bandeirantes and religious which needed to get to village that grown by his banks. The historic use of the river Tietê indicates since the beginning of XX century, industries used his waters, as such as the need of supplying of São Paulo capital and surroundings that also was growing up.  Nowadays, the demand for his waters is each time bigger and this brings problems related to the guarantee of water quality and availability. The river starts to get loads of pollution at the county of Mogi das Cruzes, about 15 km upstream. Since the decade of 1990, a lot of projects were implemented to rivers recovery, but, after more of two decades, the achieved results are minimal. Recent data indicates that the pollution spot at the river, part which the water quality is consider bad or terrible, get close to 137 km. The research here introduced seeks contribute as base to disscusions of projects already implemented to Tietês river recovery, as such as evaluate the possible causes to the little achieved results. A comparison with process of urban rivers recovery in another locations will also be done, with the goal of highlighting positive experience and demonstrate that urban rivers recovery is another locations will also be done, with the goal of highlighting positive experience and demonstrate that urban rivers recovery is possible and viable and should be seen as priority to society, ensuring that the premises of sustainability be reached.(AU)

O rio Tietê nasce no município paulista de Salesópolis e seu trajeto a jusante segue para o interior do Estado de São Paulo, característica que permitiu sua utilização como importante rota de indígenas, bandeirantes e religiosos, que necessitavam chegar às vilas que cresciam as suas margens. O histórico de uso do rio Tietê indica que desde início do século XX, indústrias utilizavam suas águas, assim como a necessidade de abastecimento da capital paulista e arredores também aumentava. Atualmente, a demanda por suas águas é cada vez maior e isso traz problemas relacionados a garantia da qualidade e disponibilidade da água. O rio começa a receber carga poluidora relevante no município de Mogi das Cruzes, a cerca de 15 km de sua nascente. Vários foram os projetos implantados para sua recuperação, desde a década de 1990, no entanto, após mais de duas décadas, poucos são os resultados alcançados. Dados recentes indicam que a mancha de poluição no rio, trecho com qualidade de água considerada ruim ou péssima, chega a 137 km. A pesquisa aqui apresentada busca construir uma base de discussão sobre os projetos já implantados para recuperação do rio Tietê, assim como avaliar as possíveis causas dos poucos resultados alcançados. Uma comparação com processos de recuperação de rios urbanos em outras localidades também foi realizada com objetivo de evidenciar experiências positivas e demonstrar que a recuperação de rios urbanos é possível e viável e deveria ser vista como prioridade para a sociedade, garantindo que as premissas da sustentabilidade sejam alcançadas.(AU)

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The Tietês river source is at the county of Salesópolis and his course flows into the country of São Paulo state, characteristic which allowed its utilization as an important path for indigenous, bandeirantes and religious which needed to get to village that grown by his banks. The historic use of the river Tietê indicates since the beginning of XX century, industries used his waters, as such as the need of supplying of São Paulo capital and surroundings that also was growing up.  Nowadays, the demand for his waters is each time bigger and this brings problems related to the guarantee of water quality and availability. The river starts to get loads of pollution at the county of Mogi das Cruzes, about 15 km upstream. Since the decade of 1990, a lot of projects were implemented to rivers recovery, but, after more of two decades, the achieved results are minimal. Recent data indicates that the pollution spot at the river, part which the water quality is consider bad or terrible, get close to 137 km. The research here introduced seeks contribute as base to disscusions of projects already implemented to Tietês river recovery, as such as evaluate the possible causes to the little achieved results. A comparison with process of urban rivers recovery in another locations will also be done, with the goal of highlighting positive experience and demonstrate that urban rivers recovery is another locations will also be done, with the goal of highlighting positive experience and demonstrate that urban rivers recovery is possible and viable and should be seen as priority to society, ensuring that the premises of sustainability be reached.

O rio Tietê nasce no município paulista de Salesópolis e seu trajeto a jusante segue para o interior do Estado de São Paulo, característica que permitiu sua utilização como importante rota de indígenas, bandeirantes e religiosos, que necessitavam chegar às vilas que cresciam as suas margens. O histórico de uso do rio Tietê indica que desde início do século XX, indústrias utilizavam suas águas, assim como a necessidade de abastecimento da capital paulista e arredores também aumentava. Atualmente, a demanda por suas águas é cada vez maior e isso traz problemas relacionados a garantia da qualidade e disponibilidade da água. O rio começa a receber carga poluidora relevante no município de Mogi das Cruzes, a cerca de 15 km de sua nascente. Vários foram os projetos implantados para sua recuperação, desde a década de 1990, no entanto, após mais de duas décadas, poucos são os resultados alcançados. Dados recentes indicam que a mancha de poluição no rio, trecho com qualidade de água considerada ruim ou péssima, chega a 137 km. A pesquisa aqui apresentada busca construir uma base de discussão sobre os projetos já implantados para recuperação do rio Tietê, assim como avaliar as possíveis causas dos poucos resultados alcançados. Uma comparação com processos de recuperação de rios urbanos em outras localidades também foi realizada com objetivo de evidenciar experiências positivas e demonstrar que a recuperação de rios urbanos é possível e viável e deveria ser vista como prioridade para a sociedade, garantindo que as premissas da sustentabilidade sejam alcançadas.

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Abstract Lake Laguna Santa Elena, a freshwater body, located in mid-south of Chile, is an environmental asset used as a water resource by the agricultural and touristic sector and is the habitat for a wide variety of endemic avifauna. The objective of this study was to assign a monetary value to this lacustrine body, using the methodology of AMUVAM (Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental Active Values). The information was collected through the application of surveys to a panel of experts involved in the use of the environmental resource. The result obtained with the AMUVAM method corresponds to the US $ 17,780,686, a figure that represents an estimated value of the TEV (Total Economic Value) of the environmental asset. This study, a pioneer in the Region, will support decision making, allowing an adequate management of this critical water resource.

Resumo A Laguna Santa Elena, um corpo de água doce localizado no centro-sul do Chile, é um ativo ambiental usado como recurso hídrico pelos setores agrícola e turístico e é o habitat de uma ampla variedade de avifauna endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi atribuir um valor monetário a esse corpo lacustre, utilizando a metodologia da AMUVAM (Análise Multicritério de Valores Ambientais Ativos). As informações foram coletadas por meio da aplicação de pesquisas a um painel de especialistas envolvidos no uso do recurso ambiental. O resultado obtido com o método AMUVAM corresponde a US$ 17.780.686, que representam um valor estimado do valor econômico total (VT) do ativo ambiental. Este estudo, pioneiro na região, apoiará a tomada de decisões, permitindo um gerenciamento adequado desse recurso hídrico crítico.

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Este artículo, comparte el abordaje metodológico desarrollado por el programa “Experiencias Pedagógicas Itinerantes Museo del Agua EPM” apoyado por Colciencias y desarrollado por la Fundación Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM) y la Universidad EAFIT en Colombia, el cual implementó una estrategia de participación comunitaria centrada en procesos de co-creación, para llevar a comunidades alejadas del territorio antioqueño, opciones paradesarrollar procesos de conocimiento, comprensión y relacionamiento con el recurso agua, basados en información científica y experiencias del Museo del Agua EPM en Colombia.

This article shares the methodological approach developed by the program “Experiences Teaching Travelling Public Enterprises of Medellin Water Museum” supported by Colciencias and developed by the Public Enterprises of Medellin (EPM) Foundation and EAFIT University in Colombia, which implemented a strategy of focusing on processes of cocreation community participation, in order to take distant communities from the Antioquia territory, options to develop processes of knowledge, understanding, and relationship withwater resource, based on scientific information and experiences of the Public Enterprises of Medellin Water Museum in Colombia.

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This paper presents an overview of water resource management in Brazil, in particular the state of Rio de Janeiro, and in the European Union, with an emphasis on member country Portugal. The study examines the primary laws, governing bodies and water resource plans. The paper describes the concerns and interests of the scientific community and other sectors of society with regard to water resource management. The paper also draws attention to challenges and opportunities concerning the main objective of water resource management, which is to ensure the availability of water of high quality and sustainable quantity. Additionally, it also mentions good and poor management practices. Among the concerns highlighted are integrated water resource management and water resource monitoring. The objective of this study was to contribute to water resource management processes. The primary reasons for this study are the growing scarcity of freshwater in the world, recurrent problems in managing this resource and a desire to contribute to the improvement of the current situation. The study of water management in different contexts allows for a greater understanding of the subject, thereby assisting the decision-making of managers and society in general with regard to environmental quality and ecological and human health. There is an increasing interest in efficient water resource management, which creates a demand for information on the subject. Both Brazil and the European Union are facing problems related to quantity and quality of water. Problems like scarcity of freshwater, contamination, salinization, and floods. This makes the realities of them quite close, despite the physical distance between them. In general, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, the European Union and Portugal have similar water resource management requirements. If these regions are to supply a consistent quantity of high-quality water to present and future generations, then they need effective laws and plans, efficient managing agencies, political interest and economic resources. Investments in research and developing water resource management plans are inefficient measures if they are not implemented with special emphasis on monitoring and inspection.

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Amoxicillin is a synthetic penicillin used in the hospital, residential and veterinary surroundings. The indiscriminate use of such medication may cause social and environmental damages. This study aims at determining the amoxicillin contents in water of two rivers located in State of Bahia, the Água Fria and Verruga rivers. An analytical method was developed, optimized and validated for determining the amoxicillin residue, by using the high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV-Visible detector (HPLC-UV). The study was performed according to the chromatographic parameters validation. Considering that the maximum acceptable values of amoxicillin for drinking water were nonexistent, the found results might be considered as an indicator of contamination by this substance. The occurrence of this antibiotic in the two rivers analyzed in this study indicated a heavy contamination in the urban areas where the increased surface water runoffs occur; and their concentrations were higher than 11 mg.L-1. The validation parameters indicated that the method showed the capacity for detecting low values of quantification limits (2.7 mg.L-1) and of detection (0.7 mg.L-1), good precision (DSR 7 %) and accuracy (96.75 %), thus it turned to be an important tool for assessing amoxicillin contents.(AU)

A amoxicilina é penicilina sintética de uso em ambiente hospitalar, residencial e veterinário. O uso indiscriminado deste medicamento pode acarretar prejuízos sociais e ambientais. O presente trabalho determinou os níveis de amoxicilina em dois rios localizados no sudoeste do estado da Bahia, rios Água Fria e Verruga. Uma metodologia analítica foi desenvolvida, otimizada e validada para efetuar a determinação de resíduos de amoxicilina, empregando-se a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada ao detector UV-visível (CLAE-UV). A avaliação do mérito do método foi baseada nos parâmetros cromatográficos de validação: linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação, precisão, exatidão e seletividade. Devido à inexistência de valores máximos de amoxicilina aceitáveis para a água de consumo, os resultados obtidos podem constituir um indicativo dos níveis de contaminação dos recursos hídricos por este medicamento. As maiores concentrações, superiores a 11 mg.L-1 deste antibiótico, foram detectadas nas zonas onde recebem aportes dos deflúvios urbanos. Os parâmetros de validação demonstraram que o método apresentou capacidade de detecção de baixos valores dos limites de quantificação (2,7 mg.L-1) e de detecção (0,7 mg.L-1), boa precisão (DPR 7 %) e exatidão (96,75 %), constituindo-se em uma importante ferramenta na avaliação de teores de amoxicilina.(AU)

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