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Introducción: La hipertensión arterial constituye un problema de salud pública en casi todo el mundo. Entre los factores de riesgo vinculados a ella se destaca la acumulación de grasa, que puede, a su vez, establecer los riesgos, las comorbilidades y la mortalidad asociados a esta entidad nosológica. Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones de los valores del perímetro abdominal y el índice cintura-cadera en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, según variables epidemiológicas y clínicas seleccionadas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal de 221 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, pertenecientes al Consultorio 19 del Policlínico Docente Josué País García del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio del 2019 hasta diciembre del 2020. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 65-74 años (28,5 %). Los indicadores antropométricos perímetro abdominal e índice cintura-cadera tuvieron valores que superaron los parámetros normales establecidos para ambos sexos. El cálculo del perímetro abdominal reveló un predominio de la obesidad en el sexo femenino, en tanto se clasificó como aumentado en el sexo masculino. Conclusiones: Los valores del índice cintura-cadera y del perímetro abdominal en ambos sexos estuvieron por encima de los clasificados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como de alto riesgo de presentar la enfermedad.

Introduction: Hypertension constitutes a problem of public health in almost all over the world. Among the risk factors associated with it, the accumulation of fat is notable, which can, in turn, establish risks and determine comorbidities and mortality associated with this nosological entity. Objective: To determine the variations in the values of the abdominal perimeter and waist-hip ratio in patients with hypertension, according to selected epidemiological and clinical variables. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out on 221 patients with hypertension, belonging to doctor's office 19 of Josué País García Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba municipality, from June, 2019 to December, 2020. Results: There was a prevalence of the female sex and the 65-74 age group (28.5%). The anthropometric indicators, abdominal perimeter and waist-hip ratio, had values that exceeded the established normal parameters for both sexes. The calculation of the abdominal perimeter revealed a predominance of obesity in the female sex, while it was classified as increased in the male sex. Conclusions: The values of the waist-hip ratio and abdominal perimeter exceeded those classified by the World Health Organization as high risk of presenting the disease in both sexes.

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Introduction: Shift work has been hypothesized as a potential risk factor for overweight/obesity or other metabolic changes. We examined the relationship between work shift and body mass index, waist-hip ratio, lipid profile, and glucose concentration in workers from a food manufacturing factory in Colombia. Objectives: To investigate the association between shift work and changes in physiological variables in food manufacturing industry workers in Medellín, Colombia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 763 employees from a food manufacturing factory. Information was collected from the medical records from the occupational health provider institution in charge of workers' periodic follow-up. Results: The study sample consisted of 637 (83.5%) men and 126 (16.5%) women. Mean age was 43.35 ± 9.8 years, and mean body mass index was 25.49 ± 3.23 kg/m2. After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic multivariate regression revealed a statistically significant association between shift work and higher body mass index and higher total cholesterol levels compared with dayshift (p < 0.05). Finally, the analysis of waist-hip ratio for each shift scheme and sex showed that this ratio was higher for rotating shift workers, with a significant difference for women. Conclusions: Significant associations were observed between shift work and overweight/obesity and hypercholesterolemia. However, these findings should be confirmed by longitudinal studies.

Introducción: El trabajo por turnos se ha asociado como un potencial factor de riesgo para sobrepeso/obesidad u otras alteraciones metabólicas. Examinamos la relación entre el trabajo por turnos y el índice de masa corporal, índice cintura-cadera, perfil lipídico y glicemia en trabajadores de la industria manufacturera de alimentos en Colombia. Objetivos: Conocer la asociación entre el trabajo por turnos y alteraciones en variables fisiológicos en trabajadores del sector de alimentos en Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: Este estudio transversal fue realizado con 763 trabajadores de una planta del sector de la industria alimentaria. La información fue analizada a partir de registros médicos en la base de datos de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud ocupacional encargada del seguimiento periódico de los trabajadores. Resultados: La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 637 (83,5%) hombres y 126 (16,5%) mujeres. La edad media fue de 43,35 ± 9,8 años y el índice de masa corporal medio de 25,49 ± 3,23 kg/m2. Después de ajustar los posibles factores de confusión, la regresión logística multivariada reveló una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el trabajo por turno y un mayor índice de masa corporal y nivel de colesterol total, comparado con el turno diurno (p < 0,05). Finalmente, el análisis de la relación cintura-cadera para cada esquema de turno y sexo mostro que esta medida fue mayor para los trabajadores en turno rotativo, siendo significativa la diferencia para las mujeres. Conclusiones: Se observaron asociaciones significativas entre el trabajo por turnos y el sobrepeso/obesidad e hipercolesterolemia; sin embargo, estos hallazgos deben confirmarse mediante estudios longitudinales.

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BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant syndrome with complete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. The cutaneous neurofibroma (Cnf) and plexiform neurofibroma (Pnf), café-au-lait spots, and freckle-like lesions are common in NF1, but many other manifestations can occur. We aimed to evaluate head circumference, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), head circumference-to-height ratio (HCHR) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in adult NF1 Brazilian individuals versus a paired control group and investigate their correlation with the presence of clinically visible Pnfs, and number of "skin neurofibromas" (Snf), which include both cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with 168 individuals, 84 with NF1 and 84 without NF1, paired by sex and age. Head circumference and anthropometric measurements, Snf quantification, evaluation of clinically visible Pnf and familial inheritance were accessed. RESULTS: Prevalence of macrocephaly was significantly higher in NF1 women. Height and weight were significantly lower in both males and females with NF1. HCHR was higher in the NF1 group than in the control group for both sexes. BMI was significantly lower in men with NF1. Waist and hip circumferences were significantly reduced in NF compared with the controls, but the mean WHR was significantly lower only in NF1 women. No correlation was found between the Snf and head circumference and anthropometric measurements, sex or family history. The presence and larger size of clinically visible plexiform neurofibromas were associated with normal stature (p = 0.037 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: NF1 individuals have increased prevalence of macrocephaly, short stature, low BMI, and reduced abdominal fat. There is no relation between head circumference and anthropometric data with family history, or neurofibromas.

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Resumen Introducción: La baja variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco (VRC) se ha asociado con desbalances autonómicos y riesgo cardiovascular en diversas poblaciones. Objetivo: Relacionar la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco e índices antropométricos en hombres universitarios jóvenes, físicamente activos con bajo riesgo cardiometabólico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 10 hombres de 23,15 ± 2,91 años con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 25,48 ± 2,19 kg/m2 y un índice Cintura-Cadera (IC-C) de 0,81±0,02. La VRC en reposo se midió en un período de 5 minutos. Se realizó un análisis correlacional entre el IMC e IC-C con la proporción baja/alta frecuencia (LF/HF), desviación estándar de la variación instantánea de intervalos RR (SD1) y complejidad de los intervalos RR (α-1). Además, se determinó el poder estadístico (1- β) y tamaño del efecto ("d" de Cohen). Resultados: El LF/HF sólo se relaciona significativamente con el IC-C (r=0,638; p=0,047; d=0,80), mientras que SD1 y α-1 no reportaron ninguna asociación con el IMC e IC-C. Conclusiones: Existe un predominio parasimpático que sugiere un mecanismo protector sobre el tejido adiposo intraabdominal relacionado al IC-C. Se requieren otros estudios que expliquen todas las variables moduladoras de la VRC.

Abstract Introduction: Low heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with autonomic imbalances and cardiovascular risk in various populations. Objective: To relate HRV and anthropometric indices in young, physically active university male students with low cardiometabolic risk. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 10 men aged 23.15 ± 2.91 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25.48 ± 2.19 kg/m2, and a Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) of 0.81 ± 0.02. Resting heart rate variability was measured over a 5 minute period. A correlational analysis was performed between BMI and WHR with the low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF), standard deviation of the instantaneous variation of RR intervals (SD1), and complexity of the RR intervals (α-1). In addition, statistical power (1-β) and effect size (Cohen's "d") were determined. Results: LF/HF is only significantly related to WHR (r=0.638; p=0.047; d=0.80), while SD1 and α-1 did not show any association with BMI and WHR. Conclusions: There is a parasympathetic predominance that suggests a protective mechanism on intra-abdominal adipose tissue related to WHR. Further studies are required to explain all the modulating variables of the heart rate variability.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to correlate a higher Pelvic-Trochanteric Index (PTI) with an increased varus of the femoral neck with greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS). The secondary objective was to check whether the pelvic width changes with age. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to compare female patients diagnosed with GTPS (case group) with asymptomatic female participants (control group) from March 2011 to June 2017. On an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph, lines were drawn by two radiologists, and the PTI (ratio of the distance between the greater trochanters and distance between the iliac crests) was defined and the femoral neck-shaft angle was measured. RESULTS: Data collected based on radiographs of 182 female patients (cases) and 150 female participants (controls) showed that the mean PTI was 1.09 (SD=0.01) in the case group and 1.07 (SD=0.01) in the control group (p<0.05), regardless of age. The distance between iliac crests increased with age (p<0.05) in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. It was also found that the mean femoral neck-shaft angle was 130.6° (SD=0.59) and progression of the varus angulation occurred with age in both groups, with a significance level of 5%. CONCLUSIONS: The PTI was higher in patients with GTPS. The femoral neck-shaft angle does not differ between individuals with and without GTPS; however, it does decrease with age. The pelvic width tends to increase with aging in symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals; therefore, the increase in the pelvic width and decrease in the femoral neck-shaft angle can be interpreted as normal in aging women, which could alter the biomechanics of the hips and pelvis.

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a população vem se tornando mais inativa, improdutiva e ociosa. Esses maus hábitos acumulados durante muito tempo se tornam prejudiciais à saúde, podendo ocasionar várias doen ças cardiovasculares e dislipidemias. Para prevenir e tratar essas disfunções recomenda-se a prática regular de exercícios físicos aeróbios (EFA) aliado a um fortalecimento muscular. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de quatro semanas do treinamento combinado de corrida de rua e treinamento em circuito funcio nal ( TCF) sobre variáveis relacionadas à saúde e desempenho físico de corredores de rua recreacionais. 32 indivíduos foram divididos, de acordo com a relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), em grupo de risco baixo (GRB; 22,0 ± 1,33 anos; 168,3 ± 3,18 cm; 65,4 ± 3,39 kg), grupo de risco moderado (GRM; 27,7 ± 2 ,04 anos; 167,7 ± 2,03 cm; 71,4 ± 4,66 kg), grupo de risco alto (GRA; 26,8 ± 3,16 anos; 1 63 ,0 ± 3 ,02 cm; 71,80 ± 5,9 kg). Realizaram avaliações físicas de composição corporal, testes das cap acidades físicas (cooper, RAST, flexibilidade, impulsão horizontal e vertical), foram submet idos a quat ro sem anas de treinamento aeróbio e TCF. Foram feitos os testes ANOVA two-way para verificar as diferenças entre o s grupos, e um pós-teste tukey, adotou-se o valor de p < 0,05. Resultados apontaram melho ra n a a ptidão cardiorrespiratória (p=0,0006), aumento na massa magra (p=0,039 1), redução da RCQ (p =0 ,011 6), aumentou a força dos membros inferiores (p=0,0315) e melhora na flexibilidade (p=0,0326). Portanto tais alterações são clinicamente importantes, mostrando assim um progresso na qualidade de v ida de fo rm a ampla e aperfeiçoando também o desempenho físico desse público...(AU)

the population has become more inactive, unproductive and idle. These bad habits accumulated for a long time can become harmful to health, causing various cardiovascular diseases an d dyslipidemias. To prevent and treat these dysfunctions it is recommended to p ractice regular aerobic physical exercises together with a muscular strengthening. The aim of this st udy was t o ev aluate t he effects of four weeks of the combined training of running and training in functional circuit o n v ariabl es related to health and physical performance of recreational street runners. 32 in dividuals were div ided according to waist/hip ratio, in low risk group (22,0 ± 1,33 years old; 168,3 ± 3,18 cm; 6 5,4 ± 3 ,3 9 k g) moderate risk group (27,7 ± 2,04 years old; 167,7 ± 2,03 cm; 71,4 ± 4,66 kg) high risk group (26,8 ± 3,1 6 years old; 163,0 ± 3,02 cm; 71,80 ± 5,9 kg). Physical evaluations of body composition were p erformed and also physical ability tests, they were submitted to four weeks of aerobic training and functional circuit training. The ANOVA two-way test was performed to verify the differences between t he gro up s and a tukey post-test. The p value adopted was p < 0,05. The results indicated an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0,0006). Therefore, such improvements are clinically significant, sh o win g a broad progress in the quality of life and also improving the physical performance of this public...(AU)

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RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, no existe consenso acerca de qué valor del índice cintura/cadera debe ser considerado de riesgo para identificar disglucemias. Objetivos: Determinar el punto de corte del índice cintura/cadera como predictor de disglucemias para ambos sexos, en personas con sospecha de padecer diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con 975 personas, de ellas 523 mujeres y 452 hombres. La muestra no fue obtenida de población general y no fue aleatoria. A los sujetos se les realizó interrogatorio, examen físico y estudios complementarios. Se determinaron distribuciones de frecuencia de las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se utilizó para el procesamiento estadístico el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, análisis de regresión logística y el análisis de curvas Receiver Operator Characteristic. Se empleó la prueba Chi Cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística. Resultados: En ambos sexos observamos una correlación directamente proporcional y significativa entre el índice cintura/cadera y las diferentes variables estudiadas, entre ellas: glucemia en ayunas y a las 2h, insulinemia en ayunas, triglicéridos, ácido úrico y el índice de resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR). El colesterol se comportó de la misma forma en los hombres, pero en las mujeres se verificó una correlación débil y no significativa. El punto de corte óptimo del índice cintura/cadera, como predictor independiente de disglucemias, fue de 0,85 en las mujeres y 0,93 en los hombres. El índice cintura/cadera presentó un buen poder predictivo para identificar a sujetos con y sin disglucemias para ambos sexos y superior al de la edad. Conclusiones: El punto de corte óptimo del índice cintura/cadera, como predictor independiente de disglucemias, es de 0,85 en las mujeres y 0,93 en los hombres. Su poder predictor de disglucemias fue bueno(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, there is no consensus about what value of the waist-hip ratio must be considered as a risk to identify dysglycemia. Objectives: To determine the cut-off point of the waist-hip ratio as a predictor of dysglycemias for both sexes, in people suspected of suffering from diabetes mellitus. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 975 people, including 523 women and 452 men. The sample was not obtained from general population and it was not random. The subjects underwent interrogation, physical examination and complementary studies. There were identified frequency distributions of qualitative and quantitative variables. It was used for the statistical processing the Pearson's correlation coefficient, logistic regression analysis and the curves analysis called Receiver Operator Characteristic. It was used the chi-square test to assess the statistical significance. Results: In both sexes, it was observed a directly proportional and significant correlation between the waist-hip ratio and the different variables studied, including: fasting and after 2 hours glycemia, fasting insulinemia, triglycerides, uric acid and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Cholesterol behaved the same way in men, but in women there was a weak and not significant correlation. The optimal cut-point of the waist-hip ratio, as an independent predictor of dysglycemia, was 0.85 in women and 0.93 in men. The waist-hip ratio presented a good predictive power to identify subjects with and without dysglycemia for both sexes and it was higher than that of the age. Conclusions: The optimal cut-point of the waist-hip ratio, as an independent predictor of dysglycemia, was 0.85 in women and 0.93 in men. Its power as predictor of dysglycemia was good(AU)

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Introducción. La obesidad está asociada a un descenso acelerado de la función ventilatoria. Las formas más frecuentes de evaluar el estado nutricional y medir la grasa abdominal y las caderas son el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el índice cintura-cadera (ICC). Existe escasa evidencia que sugiera su relación con la capacidad residual funcional (CRF). Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el IMC, el ICC y la CRF en niños obesos de la ciudad de Talca, Chile. Población y métodos. Se reclutaron niños de ambos sexos (6-12 años). Se evaluaron peso, talla, IMC, ICC y función pulmonar a través de pletismografía corporal. Dependiendo de la distribución de los datos, se utilizó la prueba t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes y, la prueba r de Pearson o Spearman para establecer la correlación entre ICC y CRF. Resultados. Los niños se dividieron en normopeso (n= 18) y obesos (n= 18). Se reportó una disminución significativa de la CRF (p= 0,025) en niños obesos y una relación inversa entre ICC y CRF, la cual fue moderada en niños normopeso (s= -0,489; p= 0,03) y alta en obesos (r= -0,681; p= 0,001). Conclusiones. Los niños obesos mostraron una menor CRF respecto de los normopeso, que, a su vez, se relacionó con el ICC. Estos resultados indican efectos sistémicos que produce la obesidad en la función ventilatoria en niños y la necesidad de incorporar indicadores de distribución de grasa corporal a temprana edad.

Introduction. Obesity is associated with a rapid decrease in ventilatory function. The most common way of assessing nutritional status and measuring abdominal fat and hips are the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-hip ratio (WHR). There is scarce evidence suggesting their relation to functional residual capacity (FRC). Our objective was to determine the relation among BMI, WHR, and FRC in obese children in the city of Talca, Chile. Population and methods. Male and female children were recruited (6-12 years). Weight, height, BMI, WHR, and pulmonary function were assessed; the latter with body plethysmography. Depending on data distribution, Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test were used for independent samples, while Pearson's or Spearman's r test was used to establish the correlation between WHR and FRC. Results. Children were divided into normal weight (n = 18) and obese (n = 18). A significant reduction in FRC (p = 0.025) was reported in obese children, while a reverse association was observed between WHR and FRC, which was moderate in normal weight children (s = -0.489; p = 0.03) and high in obese children (r = -0.681; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Obese children showed a lower FRC compared to normal weight children, which, in turn, was associated with WHR. These results are indicative of the systemic effects caused by obesity on children's ventilatory function and the need to use body fat distribution indicators at an early age.

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INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with a rapid decrease in ventilatory function. The most common way of assessing nutritional status and measuring abdominal fat and hips are the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-hip ratio (WHR). There is scarce evidence suggesting their relation to functional residual capacity (FRC). Our objective was to determine the relation among BMI, WHR, and FRC in obese children in the city of Talca, Chile. POPULATION AND METHODS: Male and female children were recruited (6-12 years). Weight, height, BMI, WHR, and pulmonary function were assessed; the latter with body plethysmography. Depending on data distribution, Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test were used for independent samples, while Pearson's or Spearman's r test was used to establish the correlation between WHR and FRC. RESULTS: Children were divided into normal weight (n = 18) and obese (n = 18). A significant reduction in FRC (p = 0.025) was reported in obese children, while a reverse association was observed between WHR and FRC, which was moderate in normal weight children (s = -0.489; p = 0.03) and high in obese children (r = -0.681; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Obese children showed a lower FRC compared to normal weight children, which, in turn, was associated with WHR. These results are indicative of the systemic effects caused by obesity on children's ventilatory function and the need to use body fat distribution indicators at an early age.

Introducción. La obesidad está asociada a un descenso acelerado de la función ventilatoria. Las formas más frecuentes de evaluar el estado nutricional y medir la grasa abdominal y las caderas son el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el índice cintura-cadera (ICC). Existe escasa evidencia que sugiera su relación con la capacidad residual funcional (CRF). Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el IMC, el ICC y la CRF en niños obesos de la ciudad de Talca, Chile. Población y métodos. Se reclutaron niños de ambos sexos (6-12 años). Se evaluaron peso, talla, IMC, ICC y función pulmonar a través de pletismografía corporal. Dependiendo de la distribución de los datos, se utilizó la prueba t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes y, la prueba r de Pearson o Spearman para establecer la correlación entre ICC y CRF. Resultados. Los niños se dividieron en normopeso (n= 18) y obesos (n= 18). Se reportó una disminución significativa de la CRF (p= 0,025) en niños obesos y una relación inversa entre ICC y CRF, la cual fue moderada en niños normopeso (s= -0,489; p= 0,03) y alta en obesos (r= -0,681; p= 0,001). Conclusiones. Los niños obesos mostraron una menor CRF respecto de los normopeso, que, a su vez, se relacionó con el ICC. Estos resultados indican efectos sistémicos que produce la obesidad en la función ventilatoria en niños y la necesidad de incorporar indicadores de distribución de grasa corporal a temprana edad.

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Oxidative stress is present in early postmenopause. Antioxidants, present in food, avoid or limit the damage caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the consumption of vitamin A, vitamin C, and Selenium was adequate in postmenopausal women and its relationship with levels of malondialdehyde. A descriptive, cross-sectional prospective clinical study was carried out with 132 women (45⁻55 years old) in postmenopause. The body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The participants were surveyed about their food consumption for seven days. The plasmatic concentration of malondialdehyde was quantified by the methyl-phenyl-indole method. The women were grouped according to their BMI. All groups showed similar consumption of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, which exceeded the daily recommended level. According to the WHR, 87% had android fat distribution. Selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin A intake were below the daily recommended/suggested levels. The greater the BMI, the higher the plasmatic concentration of malondialdehyde in the patients. It was observed an elevated caloric intake, android fat distribution, and a greater BMI was accompanied by a lower consumption of antioxidants and an increased level of malondialdehyde.

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SUMMARY: This study presents a cross-board comparison of the morphological characteristic of students of the Hungarian Language teacher training faculty in Subotica, Serbia based on their nutritional status estimate of their nourishment state. The sample was composed by 146 young adults from all four study years of the faculty, ranging from age 19 to 23. The following anthropometric measurements were carried out: body weight, height, skin fold thickness (skin folds measured at the scapula, triceps, biceps, ilium, hip, thigh and abdomen) and circumferences (waist, hip). The authors calculated and analyzed the data, including: the BMI (body mass index) with the formula, skin fold thickness and with 4-Site Skin fold Equation and waist hip ratio. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the morphological characteristics. Independent T-test and ANOVA analysis was performed to compare the students according to sex and age. The main results of the present study are: (1) no significant difference is found between the age groups in the case of either height or body weight, not for the young men or the young women in the study; (2) the differences between height and weight in the case of the male and female as characteristic for this age group can be observed; (3) the female students are more often found to be overweight or obese than the male students; (4) the majority of participant students can be classified into the normal nutritional status' category, which holds true for both the young men and women of the study; (5) the fat percentages calculated based on skin fold values show that in terms of weight, the majority of the female students fall under the 'acceptable' category, while the majority of the young men are classed as 'thin'; (6) in the case of abdominal overweight 20.0 % of men and 19.48 % of women belong to the category 'obese'. This information about the students of the teacher training program is vital, as these young men and women will play an important role as future teachers and thereby, as role models helping to prevent childhood obesity and guiding children throughout their education towards a healthy life style.

RESUMEN: Este estudio presenta una comparación transversal de la característica morfológica de estudiantes de lengua húngara pertenecientes a la Facultad de Formación de Docentes en Subotica, Serbia, en función de su estado nutricional estimado con el estado de alimentación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 146 adultos jóvenes, cursando los cuatro años en la Facultad, con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 23 años. Se realizaron las siguientes mediciones antropométricas: peso corporal, altura, grosor de la piel (pliegues cutáneos medidos en la escápula, tríceps, bíceps, ilion, cadera, muslo y abdomen) y circunferencias (cintura, cadera). Los autores calcularon y analizaron los datos, incluidos: el IMC (índice de masa corporal) con la fórmula, el grosor del pliegue cutáneo y con la ecuación del pliegue cutáneo de 4 sitios y la relación cintura-cadera. La estadística descriptiva se usó para describir las características morfológicas. Se realizaron análisis independientes de T-test y ANOVA para comparar los estudiantes de acuerdo al sexo y la edad. Los principales resultados del presente estudio son: (1) no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad en el caso de la altura o el peso corporal, para los hombres jóvenes o las mujeres jóvenes; (2) se pudieron observar diferencias entre la altura y el peso en el caso del hombre y la mujer como características para este grupo etario; (3) las estudiantes, tienen con mayor frecuencia sobrepeso u obesidad, en relación a los estudiantes varones; (4) la mayoría de los estudiantes participantes pueden clasificarse en la categoría de un estado nutricional normal, lo cual es válido tanto para los hombres como para las mujeres jóvenes del estudio; (5) los porcentajes de grasa calculados basados en los valores del pliegue de la piel muestran que, en términos de peso, la mayoría de las alumnas se clasifican en la categoría "aceptable", mientras que la mayoría de los hombres jóvenes se clasifican como "delgados"; (6) en el caso del sobrepeso abdominal, el 20,0 % de los hombres y el 19,48 % de las mujeres pertenecen a la categoría 'obeso'. Esta información de los alumnos de la Facultad es vital, ya que estos jóvenes desempeñarán un papel importante como futuros docentes y como un modelo de conducta, ayudando de esta forma, a evitar la obesidad infantil y guiando a los niños a lo largo de su educación hacia un estilo de vida saludable.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To investigate how stressful life events and social support relate to central adiposity in Southern Brazil. METHODS: Data included information from 802 participants in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort that was collect in 2004-2005 and 2006. Stratifying by sex, we studied self-reported stressful life events during the year before 2004-2005 in relation to change in waist circumference between 2004-2005 and 2006 and waist-to-hip ratio in 2006, using both bivariate and multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: In adjusted models, the experience of stressful life events during the year before 2004-2005 predicted a change in waist circumference in 2006 in men and a change in both waist-to-hip ratio in 2006 and waist circumference between 2004-2005 and 2006 in women. Men who experienced two or more stressful events had on average a one centimeter increase in their waist circumference between 2004-2005 and 2006 (β = 0.97, 95%CI 0.02-1.92), compared to those reporting no stressful events. For women, those who had one and those who had two or more stressful life events had over a 1 cm increase in their waist circumference from 2004-2005 to 2006 (β = 1.37, 95%CI 0.17-2.54; β = 1.26, 95%CI 0.11-2.40, respectively), compared to those who did not experience any stressful event. For both sexes, social support level was not significantly related to either waist-to-hip ratio or change in waist circumference, and it did not modify the association between stress and central adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of more than one stressful life event was associated with distinct indicators of central adiposity for men versus women.

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Body mass index (BMI) is considered a good predictor of overall adiposity, with significant sensitivities in identifying overweight children. Recently, it has been suggested that other anthropometric measures may also be employed as adequate surrogates for imaging techniques and BMI. However, it is well known that differences exist in body fat distribution among different ethnicities. The present study aims at assessing the relationship between anthropometric measures in children from different geographical regions. The OBEY-AD is an international study enrolling 2720 children (3-11 years of age), balanced by gender. Children underwent anthropometric assessment. The association between these anthropometric measures was estimated using linear mixed models. South-American children had a higher BMI and waist and hip circumference compared to European and Indian ones. Conversely, Indian children were found to be taller and to have a higher waisthip ratio than those of European and South-American kids, suggesting a different body composition of Indian children compared to those of the other ethnic groups. Overall, this data provides further evidence on the differences in anthropometric measures between the Indian, South American and European child populations(AU)

El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es considerado un buen indicador de adiposidad general, con una capacidad significativa para la identificación de niños con sobrepeso. Recientemente, se ha sugerido que también es posible utilizar otras medidas antropométricas como sustitutos adecuados de las técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen y del IMC. Sin embargo, es bien sabido que existen diferencias en la distribución de la grasa corporal entre diferentes grupos étnicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la relación entre las medidas antropométricas en niños de diferentes regiones geográficas. El OBEYAD es un estudio internacional que incluyó a 2720 niños (de entre 3 y 11 años de edad), equilibrados por sexo. A los niños se les realizó una evaluación antropométrica. Se realizó la estimación de la asociación entre estas medidas antropométricas por medio de modelos lineales mixtos. Los niños de América del Sur tuvieron valores más altos de IMC, circunferencia de cintura y cadera, en comparación con los resultados de los niños europeos e hindúes. Por el contrario, se encontró que los niños de la India tenían una mayor estatura y una relación cintura-cadera mayor que la de los niños europeos y sudamericanos, lo que sugiere la existencia de una composición corporal diferente en los niños hindúes respecto de los de los otros grupos étnicos. Este hallazgo fue confirmado asimismo en el modelo lineal. En general, estos datos proporcionan evidencia adicional sobre las diferencias en las medidas antropométricas entre la población infantil de la India, de América del Sur y de Europa(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Maternal stature and body mass indices (BMI) of non-pregnant women (NPW) of child bearing age are relevant to maternal and offspring health. The objective was to compare anthropometric indices of NPW in four rural communities in low- to low-middle income countries (LMIC). METHODS: Anthropometry and maternal characteristics/household wealth questionnaires were obtained for NPW enrolled in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated. Z-scores were determined using WHO reference data. RESULTS: A total of 7268 NPW participated in Equateur, DRC (n = 1741); Chimaltenango, Guatemala (n = 1695); North Karnataka, India (n = 1823); and Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan (n = 2009). Mean age was 23 y and mean parity 1.5. Median (P25-P75) height (cm) ranged from 145.5 (142.2-148.9) in Guatemala to 156.0 (152.0-160.0) in DRC. Median weight (kg) ranged from 44.7 (39.9-50.3) in India to 52.7 (46.9-59.8) in Guatemala. Median BMI ranged from 19.4 (17.6-21.9) in India to 24.9 (22.3-28.0) in Guatemala. Percent stunted (<-2SD height for age z-score) ranged from 13.9% in DRC to 80.5% in Guatemala; % underweight (BMI <18.5) ranged from 1.2% in Guatemala to 37.1% in India; % overweight/obese (OW, BMI ≥25.0) ranged from 5.7% in DRC to 49.3% in Guatemala. For all sites, indicators for higher SES and higher age were associated with BMI. Lower SES women were underweight more frequently and higher SES women were OW more frequently at all sites. Younger women tended to be underweight, while older women tended to be OW. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric data for NPW varied widely among low-income rural populations in four countries located on three different continents. Global comparisons of anthropometric measurements across sites using standard reference data serve to highlight major differences among populations of low-income rural NPW and assist in evaluating the rationale for and the design of optimal intervention trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01883193 (18 June 2013, retrospectively registered).

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BACKGROUND: The body adiposity index (BAI) comprises a simple method for estimating body fat (BF) that needs to be validated in patients with severe obesity. The present study aimed to determine BAI accuracy with respect to the determination BF in patients with severe obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study comparing two methods for BF estimation was conducted in 433 patients with severe obesity between August 2012 to December 2014. BF was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with specific equations developed for BF estimation in patients with severe obesity and BAI. The BF estimation in 240 patients with severe obesity (Group 1: G1) was used to evaluate BAI limitations and to develop a specific equation in this population. The new equation proposed was validated in another 158 patients with severe obesity (Group 2: G2). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between BF determination by BIA and BAI (P = 0.039). The mean (SD) BF in G1 was 52.3% (6.1%) determined by BIA and 51.6% (8.1%) determined by BAI. Sex, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and obesity grade determined significant errors on BF estimation by BAI. A new equation (modified body adiposity index; MBAI) was developed by linear regression to minimise these errors [MBAI% = 23.6 + 0.5 × (BAI); add 2.2 if body mass index ≥ 50 kg m-2 and 2.4 if WHR ≥ 1.05]. The new equation reduced the difference [1.2% (5.9%), P < 0.001 to 0.4% (4.12%), P = 0.315] and improved the correlation (0.6-0.7) between methods. CONCLUSIONS: BAI present significant limitations in severe obesity and MBAI was effective for BF estimation in this population.

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BACKGROUND: Radical prostatectomy is associated with perioperative bleeding and multiple transfusions. Abdominal obesity is a perioperative risk factor. We suggest that the adipocytes have a protective effect in oncological patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. The aim was to evaluate the effect of waist-hip ratio (WHR) on the amount of bleeding and perioperative transfusion requirements in oncological patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. METHODS: We performed a cohort study in 156 patients. We had two groups: the control group (WHR<0.95) and the problem group (WHR≥0.95). Blood loss and fractions transfused during surgery and in the postoperative period were recorded. In the analysis of variables, for descriptive statistics we used measures of central tendency and dispersion. Inferential statistics was obtained by chi square, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U and ANOVA. A p<0.05 was significant. RESULTS: We found significant differences in weight, body mass index, waist, WHR, perioperative bleeding, fractions transfused, permanence of the catheter, and hospital days. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with a WHR≥0.95 had a magnitude of perioperative bleeding and transfusion requirements with a WHR<0.95.

Introducción: la prostatectomía radical se asocia con sangrado perioperatorio y múltiples transfusiones. La obesidad abdominal representa un factor de riesgo perioperatorio. Sugerimos un efecto protector del adipocito en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a prostatectomía radical. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del índice cintura-cadera (ICC) sobre la magnitud del sangrado y los requerimientos perioperatorios de transfusiones en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a prostatectomía radical. Métodos: estudio de cohorte en 156 pacientes. Se integraron dos grupos: el control (ICC < 0.95) y el problema (ICC > 0.95); se registraron la magnitud del sangrado y las fracciones transfundidas durante la cirugía y en el postoperatorio. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, así como chi cuadrada, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney y ANOVA. Una p < 0.05 fue significativa. Resultados: encontramos diferencias significativas en el peso, índice de masa corporal, cintura, índice cintura-cadera, sangrado perioperatorio, fracciones transfundidas, permanencia de la sonda y días de hospitalización. Conclusión: los pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical con ICC ≥ 0.95 tuvieron un sangrado y requerimientos transfusionales perioperatorios menores que aquellos con un ICC < 0.95.

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Anthropometric reference data for older adults, particularly for the oldest old, are still limited, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to describe sex- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and body composition in Mexican older adults. The methods included in the present study were assessment of height, weight, BMI, calf circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) as well as knee height in a sample of 8883 Mexican adults aged 60 years and above and the estimation of sex- and age-specific differences in these measures. Results of the study (n 7865, 54% women) showed that men are taller, have higher BMI, and larger WC than women, whereas women presented higher prevalence of obesity and adiposity. Overall prevalence of underweight was 2·3% in men and 4·0% in women, with increasing prevalence with advancing age. Significant differences were found by age group for weight, height, WC, HC, CC, BMI and knee height (P<0·001), but no significant differences in waist-hip circumference were observed. Significant differences between men and women were found in height, weight, circumferences, BMI and knee height (P<0·001). These results, which are consistent with studies of older adults in other countries, can be used for comparison with other Mexican samples including populations living in the USA and other countries with similar developmental and socio-economic conditions. This information can also be used as reference in clinical settings as a tool for detection of individuals at risk of either underweight or overweight and obesity.

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The aim of the study is to determine the association. between abdominal obesity and periodontal disease by means of multivariate analysis. Materials and method: A cross -sectional observational study was carried out. From March to April 2014, patients admitted to the Dental SciencesBuilding at Universidad Austral de Chile were subjected to a clinical periodontalexamination. Periodontitis was defined by a probing pocket depth equal to orgreater than 4mm in at least one site of the teeth in two different quadrants,along with active bleeding within 30 seconds after probing. Abdominal obesity was defined by waist-hip ratio with values equal to or greater than 0.90 for men and 0.88 for women. Oral hygiene was assessed by Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Smoker status was determined after undergoing an interview. Results: The sample comprised 136 participants (51 males and 85 females), with a mean age of 40.6+/-15.1 years. Prevalence of periodontal disease was 49.2 percent and obesity was 50.7 percent. A 62.3 percent of the patients showed both, periodontal disease and obesity. A statistically significant association between abdominal obesity (Odds ratio (OR)=2.4, 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 5.1), cigarette comsumption(OR=4.0, 95 percent CI: 1.0, 16.5), poor oral hygiene (OR=2.8, 95 percent CI: 1.3, 5.9) and periodontal disease was established. Conclusion: There is a statically significant association between abdominal obesity and periodontal disease...

El objetivo es determinar la asociación de la obesidad abdominal y la enfermedad periodontal por medio de un análisis multivariado. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal en donde se evaluaron pacientes ingresados al Edificio de las Ciencias Odontológicas de la Universidad Austral de Chile en los meses de marzo y abril del año 2014. Fueron sometidos a un examen clínico – periodontal. La periodontitis se determinó con una profundidad al sondaje igual o superior a 4 mm. en al menos un sitio del diente en dos cuadrantes diferentes con sangrado activo hasta 30 segundos luego del sondaje; y la obesidad abdominal mediante el Índice cintura/cadera con valores igual o mayores a 0.9 en hombres y 0.88 en mujeres. Se evaluó la higiene oral mediante el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado; y la condición de fumador mediante un interrogatorio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 136 participantes (51 hombres y 85 mujeres) con una edad media de 40.6 años +/- 15.1 DE. La prevalencia de periodontitis fue 49.2 por ciento y de obesidad 50.7 por ciento. Un 62.3 por ciento presentó periodontitis y obesidad abdominal. Se estableció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre obesidad abdominal (Odds ratio = 2.4, 95 por ciento Intervalo de confianza: 1.1, 5.1], consumo de tabaco (Odds ratio = 4.0, 95 por ciento Intervalo de confianza: 1.0, 16.5), higiene oral pobre (Odds ratio = 2.8, 95 por ciento Intervalo de confianza: 1.3, 5.9) y enfermedad periodontal. Conclusión: Existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la obesidad abdominal y la enfermedad periodontal...

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This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and assess their association with abdominal fat. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Central West Region of Brazil with a probabilistic sample of 208 adults of both sexes. Data on food intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis (principal components) was conducted to identify dietary patterns. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used to assess abdominal fat. The association between dietary patterns and body fat distribution was examined using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for confounders. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, regional traditional, and prudent. A positive association was found between the Western pattern and WC (p = 0.04) and WHR (p = 0.001) and between the regional traditional pattern and WHR (p = 0.05) among women. A slight association was also found between the latter pattern and WC (p = 0.07) also among women. An association was found between the Western and regional traditional dietary patterns and a larger concentration of abdominal fat among women.

Este estudo teve o objetivo identificar padrões alimentares e analisar a associação com a adiposidade abdominal. Estudo transversal, realizado na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, com amostra probabilística de 208 adultos, de ambos os sexos. O consumo alimentar foi obtido por questionário de frequência alimentar e aplicada análise fatorial (componentes principais) para identificar padrões alimentares. A circunferência da cintura (CC) e a relação cintura quadril (RCQ) foram indicadores de adiposidade abdominal. A associação dos padrões alimentares com adiposidade abdominal foi analisada em modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados por fatores de confusão. Identificaram-se três padrões alimentares: ocidental, tradicional regional e prudente. O padrão ocidental associou-se positivamente com CC (p = 0,04) e RCQ (p = 0,001) e o padrão tradicional regional associou-se também com RCQ (p = 0,05), e marginal a associação com a CC (p = 0,07) somente em mulheres. Os padrões ocidental e tradicional regional associaram à maior adiposidade abdominal em mulheres.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los patrones alimentarios y analizar su asociación con la adiposidad abdominal. Estudio transversal, realizado en la región centro-oeste de Brasil, con una muestra probabilística de 208 adultos de ambos sexos. El consumo alimentario se obtuvo en un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y para determinar los patrones alimentarios se utilizó un análisis factorial (componentes principales). El perímetro de cintura (PC) y la relación cintura/cadera (RCC) indicaron adiposidad abdominal. La asociación de patrones alimentarios y adiposidad abdominal se analizó en modelos de regresión lineal múltiple, ajustados por factores de confusión. Se identificaron tres patrones alimentarios: occidental, tradicional regional y prudente. El occidental se asoció positivamente al PC (p = 0,04) y RCC (p = 0,001), el tradicional regional se asoció también a RCC (p = 0,05) y marginal la asociación al PC (p = 0,07), sólo en mujeres. Los patrones occidental y tradicional regional se asociaron a una mayor adiposidad abdominal en mujeres.

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