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A síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) é caracterizada por sintomas de febre alta, tosse e dispneia, e, na maioria dos casos, relacionada a uma quantidade reduzida de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência dos vírus respiratórios Influenza A (FluA), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em pacientes com internação hospitalar por SRAG. Estudo transversal, com pacientes em internação hospitalar com SRAG entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e amostras da nasofaringe foram coletados/as, as quais foram submetidas à extração de RNA e testadas quanto à positividade para Influenza A, RSV e SARS-CoV-2 por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real pelo método SYBR Green. Foram incluídos 42 pacientes, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino, 57,1% idosos, 54,8% com ensino fundamental. A maior parte dos pacientes reportou hábito tabagista prévio ou atual (54,8%), não etilista (73,8%) e 83,3% deles apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 as mais prevalentes. Um total de 10,5% dos pacientes testou positivo para FluA, nenhuma amostra positiva para RSV e 76,3% positivos para SARS-CoV-2. Na população estudada, SRAG com agravo hospitalar foi observado em maior proporção, em mulheres, idosos e pessoas com comorbidades, embora sem significância estatística, sendo o novo coronavírus o agente etiológico mais relacionado, o que evidencia a patogenicidade desse agente e suas consequências ainda são evidentes após quase 2 anos de período pandêmico.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by symptoms of high fever, cough and dyspnea, and is in most cases related to a reduced amount of infectious agents. The objective was to assess the prevalence of respiratory viruses Influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients hospitalized for SARS. Cross-sectional study, with patients hospitalized with SARS between November 2021 and May 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples were collected, which were subjected to RNA extraction and tested for positivity for Influenza A, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time PCR technique using the SYBR Green method. 42 patients were included, 59.5% female, 57.1% elderly, 54.8% with primary education. Most patients reported previous or current smoking habits (54.8%), non-drinkers (73.8) and 83.3% of them had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent. A total of 10.5% of patients tested positive for FluA, no samples positive for RSV, and 76.3% positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the studied population, SARS with hospital injury was observed more frequently in women and the elderly, with associated comorbidities, with the new coronavirus being the most related etiological agent, which shows, although not statistically significant, that the pathogenicity of this agent and its consequences are still evident after almost 2 years of period pandemic.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Vasconcellea x heilbornii, known as babaco, is a hybrid native to Ecuador grown in small orchards in sub-tropical highland regions. Over the last decade, several viruses have been identified in babaco using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) (Cornejo-Franco et al. 2020, (Reyes-Proaño et al. 2023). In 2021, total RNA from a babaco plant showing distinctive leaf yellowing was extracted using the PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA) and subjected to HTS on an Illumina NovaSeq6000 system as 150 paired-end reads (Macrogen Inc., South Korea). Library construction was done using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Sample kit with Plant Ribo-Zero, as described (Villamor et al. 2022). Reads were processed using BBDuk and de novo assembled using SPAdes 3.15. both implemented in Geneious 2022. Contig analysis was done by BLASTx using the NCBI viral sequence database (as of November 2022). HTS generated 54 million reads, of which 12% assembled into contigs corresponding to genomes of previously reported babaco viruses including babaco virus Q (BabVQ), babaco nucleorhabdovirus 1 (BabRV1) and babaco ilarvirus 1 (BabIV1). Interestingly, 144 reads (0.0003%) assembled into seven contigs ranging from 100 to 480 nucleotides (nt) in length. These contigs showed homology, with 97% amino acid (aa) identity (100% query coverage), to regions of the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) of beet western yellows virus (BWYV, Acc. No. NC_004756), a member of the Polerovirus genus. To confirm the occurrence of BWYV in babaco, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was extracted from 15 g of leaf tissue from the original sample as described (Dodds et al. 1984) and used as template for reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR using overlapping primers designed to span all short contigs. RT-PCR amplified fragments were cloned into a pGEM®T-easy vector (Promega, USA) and sequenced by the Sanger method (Macrogen Inc., South Korea). The sequences were assembled into a single 2.7 kbp BWYV genome fragment comprising the complete protein 1 (P1) and partial RdRp gene (GenBank Acc. No. PP480670). Sequence alignments between the partially sequenced genome of the babaco isolate and its corresponding fragment from the closest BWYV isolate (NC_004756) revealed 94% and 97% identities at the nt and aa levels, respectively. To assess the prevalence of BWYV in babaco, 30 leaf samples showing yellowing symptoms from Pichincha (n=15) and Azuay (n=15) provinces were tested by RT-PCR using total RNA. Total RNA extraction and reverse transcription were done using the methodology described by Halgren et al. (2007). For RT-PCR, the primer set BWYV_Bab_F: 5'-CAGTGTCCTCCAAGTGCAACAT-3' / BWYV_Bab_R: 5'GGTTCCTTCCCAGTTTGGTGGT-3', which amplifies a 235 nt-long P1 region, was used. Three RT-PCR products from each positive sample were purified using the GeneJET PCR clean-up kit (Thermo Scientific, USA) and sequenced. BWYV was confirmed in 9 out of 15 samples (60%) from Pichincha, and in 10 out of 15 samples (64%) from Azuay. Samples were also tested for additional babaco viruses as described (Reyes-Proaño et al. 2023). All BWYV-infected plants turned out positive for papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), babaco mosaic virus (BabMV), BabVQ, and BabIV1. Hence, the impact of BWYV infection on babaco plants in single and mixed infections warrants further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BWYV in a crop in Ecuador, and the first time it has been found in a Caricaceae species.
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The panzootic caused by H5N1 avian influenza viruses is a high concern for wild birds' conservation and the study of spillover events into mammals. The near coding-complete genome of H5N1 clade 2.3.3.4b sequencing in the Miseq Illumina platform was performed from a bird located in Pantanos of Villa National Wildlife Refuge.
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Objective: To compare the adequacy, agreement, and acceptability of Papanicolaou testing (cytology) for cervical cancer screening using self-collected samples compared to physician-collected samples in Grenada in the Caribbean. Furthermore, the study identifies the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes present among asymptomatic women testing positive for HPV, the etiologic cause of cervical cancer. Methods: Participants were divided into two groups and two cervical samples were collected from the women in each group: a self-collected sample and a physician-collected sample. Cervical specimens were tested for cytology and HPV. HPV genotyping was performed on positive specimens. Results: Self-collected samples were adequate and in agreement with physician-collected samples, showing no difference between the two sampling methods. Oncogenic high-risk HPV genotypes were identified in cervical samples which were positive for atypical squamous cells and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The high-risk HPV genotypes found, notably HPV 45 and 53, differed from those most commonly reported. Although the commonly reported high-risk genotypes HPV 16 and 18 were found, so were 31, 33, 35, 52, 66, 68, and 82. Conclusions: Using self-collection facilitated the discovery of unexpected HPV genotypes among asymptomatic women in Grenada. These findings add new information to the literature regarding cervical cancer and neoplasia screening and HPV genotypes in the Caribbean. This genotype information may impact surveillance of women with low-grade lesions, HPV vaccine selection, and possibly further vaccine research. Research regarding HPV in Caribbean pathology samples of cervical neoplasia and cancer is needed.
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Objectives: Influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by respiratory viruses results in various respiratory clinical manifestations. The ILI002 prospective observational cohort study aimed to describe viral agents, seasonality, and outcomes of patients with ILI during four seasons in the influenza H1N1-pandemic and post-pandemic years (2010-2014). Methods: Patients from six Mexican hospitals were enrolled from April 2010 to March 2014. Clinical data and nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and tested for viral respiratory pathogens by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 5662 enrolled participants, 64.9% were adults and 35.1% were children. Among the 5629 participants with single-pathogen detection, rhinovirus (20.2%), influenza virus (11.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (7.2%), and coronavirus (6.8%) were the most frequent pathogens. Co-infection occurred in 14.5% of cases; 49.3% of participants required hospitalization, particularly in RSV cases (42.9% adults, 89.6% children). The mortality rate was 2.8% higher among older adult participants and those with comorbidities. Influenza H1N1 had the highest mortality rate, yet almost half of the deceased had no pathogen. Rhinovirus persisted year-round, while influenza, coronavirus, and RSV peaked during cooler months. Conclusions: Analyses showed that some viruses causing ILI may lead to severe disease and hospitalization irrespective of comorbidities. These findings may help in decision-making about public health policies on prevention measures, vaccination, treatment, and administration of health care.
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Influenza A viruses (IAV) impose significant respiratory disease burdens in both swine and humans worldwide, with frequent human-to-swine transmission driving viral evolution in pigs and highlighting the risk at the animal-human interface. Therefore, a comprehensive One Health approach (interconnection among human, animal, and environmental health) is needed for IAV prevention, control, and response. Animal influenza genomic surveillance remains limited in many Latin American countries, including Colombia. To address this gap, we genetically characterized 170 swine specimens from Colombia (2011-2017). Whole genome sequencing revealed a predominance of pandemic-like H1N1 lineage, with a minority belonging to H3N2 and H1N2 human seasonal-like lineage and H1N1 early classical swine lineages. Significantly, we have identified reassortant and recombinant viruses (H3N2, H1N1) not previously reported in Colombia. This suggests a broad genotypic viral diversity, likely resulting from reassortment between classical endemic viruses and new introductions established in Colombia's swine population (e.g. the 2009 H1N1 pandemic). Our study highlights the importance of a One Health approach in disease control, particularly in an ecosystem where humans are a main source of IAV to swine populations, and emphasizes the need for continued surveillance and enhanced biosecurity measures. The co-circulation of multiple subtypes in regions with high swine density facilitates viral exchange, underscoring the importance of monitoring viral evolution to inform vaccine selection and public health policies locally and globally.
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Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Filogenia , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Saúde Única , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Genoma Viral , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Vírus Reordenados/classificação , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N2/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N2/classificação , Influenza Humana/virologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) farming is increasing in many regions of the world due to the species' ability to thrive in environments where bovine cattle would struggle. Despite water buffaloes being known for their resistance to diseases, there is a lack of data about the diversity of the microbiome of the species. In this study, we examined the virome diversity in palatine tonsils collected from animals from the island of Marajó, northern Pará state, Brazil, which harbors the largest bubaline flock in the country. Tonsil fragments from 60 clinically healthy bubalines were randomly selected from a sample of 293 animals. The samples were purified, extracted, and randomly amplified with phi29 DNA polymerase. After amplification, the products were purified and sequenced. Circular DNA viruses were predominant in the tonsils' virome. Sequences of genome segments representative of members of the genera Alphapolyomavirus (including a previously unreported bubaline polyomavirus genome) and Gemycircularvirus were identified, along with other not yet classified circular virus genomes. As the animals were clinically healthy at the time of sampling, such viruses likely constitute part of the normal tonsillar virome of water buffaloes inhabiting the Ilha do Marajó biome.
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Búfalos , Tonsila Palatina , Filogenia , Polyomavirus , Animais , Búfalos/virologia , Tonsila Palatina/virologia , Brasil , Polyomavirus/genética , Polyomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Polyomavirus/classificação , Viroma , DNA Viral/genética , Genoma ViralRESUMO
Using Illumina NextSeq sequencing and bioinformatics, we identified and characterized thirty-three viral sequences of unsegmented and multipartite viral families in Aedes spp., Culex sp. and Anopheles darlingi female mosquito pools from Porto São Luiz and Pirizal, Alto Pantanal. Seventeen sequences belong to unsegmented viral families, twelve represent putative novel insect-specific viruses (ISVs) within families Chuviridae (3/33; partial genomes) and coding-complete sequences of Xinmoviridae (1/33), Rhabdoviridae (2/33) and Metaviridae (6/33); and five coding-complete sequences of already-known ISVs. Notably, two putative novel rhabdoviruses, Corixo rhabdovirus 1 and 2, were phylogenetically related to Coxipo dielmovirus, but separated from other Alpharhabdovirinae genera, sharing Anopheles spp. as host. Regarding multipartite families, sixteen segments of different putative novel viruses were identified (13 coding-complete segments) within Durnavirales (4/33), Elliovirales (1/33), Hareavirales (3/33) and Reovirales (8/33) orders. Overall, this study describes twenty-eight (28/33) putative novel ISVs and five (5/33) already described viruses using metagenomics approach.
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Aedes , Anopheles , Culex , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Viroma , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Anopheles/virologia , Viroma/genética , Aedes/virologia , Culex/virologia , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Vírus de Insetos/classificação , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Low-cost, accurate high-risk HPV tests are needed for cervical cancer screening in limited-resource settings. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the low-cost Hybribio-H13 test with the Hybrid Capture® 2 to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2 and CIN3). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archived baseline samples tested by the Hybrid Capture® 2 from women of the ASCUS-COL trial, aged 20 to 69 years, with biopsy-colposcopy directed diagnosis of CIN2+ (n = 143), CIN3+ (n = 51), and < CIN2 (n = 632) were blindly tested by the Hybribio-H13 test. RESULTS: The relative sensitivity of the Hybribio-H13 test versus the Hybrid Capture® 2 for detecting CIN2+ was 0.89 (90% CI = 0,80-0,98; NIT = 0,66), and for CIN3+ was 0,92 (90% CI = 0,85-0,98; NIT = 0,35). Relative specificity was 1.19 (90% CI = 1.05-1.33; NIT <0.00001). In the analysis restricted to women older than 30 years, the relative sensitivity of the Hybribio-H13 for CIN3+ was marginally below unity (ratio = 0.97; 90% CI = 0.95-0.99), and the specificity remained higher than the Hybrid Capture® 2 test. CONCLUSION: The Hybribio-H13 test was as specific as the Hybrid Capture® 2 for detecting CIN2+ or CIN3+ but less sensitive. Considering these results and the young age of the population recruited for screening because of ASCUS cytology, we suggest our results warrant the evaluation of the Hybribio-H13 for screening cervical cancer, especially in the evaluated population.
Introducción. Se necesitan pruebas para detectar genotipos de VPH de alto riesgo, precisas y de bajo costo, para la tamización del cáncer de cuello uterino en entornos de recursos limitados. Objetivo. Comparar el desempeño de la prueba de bajo costo Hybrid-H13 con la de Hybrid Capture® 2 para detectar NIC2+ y NIC3+. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron en ciego muestras de la línea base provenientes de mujeres del estudio ASCUS-COL, entre los 20 y los 69 años, con diagnóstico dirigido por biopsia-colposcopia de NIC2+ (n = 143), NIC3 + (n = 51) y < NIC2 (n = 632) con la prueba para detección de virus de papiloma humano Hybribio-H13. Estas muestras fueron previamente evaluadas con la prueba Hybrid Capture® 2. Resultados. La sensibilidad relativa de Hybribio-13 versus la de Hybrid Capture® 2 para detectar NIC2+ fue de 0,89 (IC90%: 0,80-0,98; NIT = 0,66) y para NIC3+ fue de 0,92 (IC90%: 0,85-0,98; NIT = 0,35). La especificidad relativa fue de 1,19 (IC90%: 1,05-1,33; NIT <0,00001). En el análisis restringido a mujeres mayores de 30 años, la sensibilidad relativa de Hybribio-H13 para NIC3+ estuvo marginalmente por debajo de la unidad (proporción = 0,97; IC90%: 0,95-0,99) y la especificidad permaneció más alta que la de la prueba Hybrid Capture® 2. Conclusión. La prueba de Hybribio-H13 fue tan específica como la de Hybrid Capture® 2, pero menos sensible para detectar NIC2+ o NIC3+. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados y la temprana edad de la población reclutada en la tamización por la presencia de ASCUS en la citología, se sugiere continuar con la evaluación de la prueba Hybribio-H13 para la detección de cáncer de cuello uterino en poblaciones con las mismas características que las de la aquí evaluada.
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Infecções por Papillomavirus , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Idoso , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Adulto Jovem , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomavirus HumanoRESUMO
The Phylum Cressdnaviricota consists of a large number of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS)-DNA viruses. Recently, metagenomic analyzes revealed their ubiquitous distribution in a diverse range of eukaryotes. Data relating to CRESS-DNA viruses in humans remains scarce. Our study investigated the presence and genetic diversity of CRESS-DNA viruses in human vaginal secretions. Vaginal swabs were collected from 28 women between 29 and 43 years old attending a fertility clinic in New York City. An exploratory metagenomic analysis was performed and detection of CRESS-DNA viruses was confirmed through analysis of near full-length sequences of the viral isolates. A phylogenetic tree was based on the REP open reading frame sequences of the CRESS-DNA virus genome. Eleven nearly complete CRESS-DNA viral genomes were identified in 16 (57.1%) women. There were no associations between the presence of these viruses and any demographic or clinical parameters. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that one of the sequences belonged to the genus Gemycircularvirus within the Genomoviridae family, while ten sequences represented previously unclassified species of CRESS-DNA viruses. Novel species of CRESS-DNA viruses are present in the vaginal tract of adult women. Although they be transient commensal agents, the potential clinical implications for their presence at this site cannot be dismissed.
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Vírus de DNA , Genoma Viral , Metagenômica , Filogenia , Vagina , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Vagina/virologia , Genoma Viral/genética , Vírus de DNA/genética , Vírus de DNA/classificação , Vírus de DNA/isolamento & purificação , DNA Viral/genética , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
DNA viruses that produce persistent infections have been proposed as potential causes for the extinction of Neanderthals, and, therefore, the identification of viral genome remnants in Neanderthal sequence reads is an initial step to address this hypothesis. Here, as proof of concept, we searched for viral remnants in sequence reads of Neanderthal genome data by mapping to adenovirus, herpesvirus and papillomavirus, which are double-stranded DNA viruses that may establish lifelong latency and can produce persistent infections. The reconstructed ancient viral genomes of adenovirus, herpesvirus and papillomavirus revealed conserved segments, with nucleotide identity to extant viral genomes and variable regions in coding regions with substantial divergence to extant close relatives. Sequence reads mapped to extant viral genomes showed deamination patterns of ancient DNA, and these ancient viral genomes showed divergence consistent with the age of these samples (≈50,000 years) and viral evolutionary rates (10-5 to 10-8 substitutions/site/year). Analysis of random effects showed that the Neanderthal mapping to genomes of extant persistent viruses is above what is expected by random similarities of short reads. Also, negative control with a nonpersistent DNA virus does not yield statistically significant assemblies. This work demonstrates the feasibility of identifying viral genome remnants in archaeological samples with signal-to-noise assessment.
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DNA Antigo , Genoma Viral , Homem de Neandertal , Animais , Homem de Neandertal/genética , Homem de Neandertal/virologia , DNA Antigo/análise , Evolução Molecular , DNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Humanos , Filogenia , Vírus de DNA/genética , Vírus de DNA/classificação , Vírus de DNA/isolamento & purificação , Fósseis/virologiaRESUMO
The diversity of Geminiviridae and Alphasatellitidae species in tomatoes was assessed via high-throughput sequencing of 154 symptomatic foliar samples collected from 2002 to 2017 across seven Brazilian biomes. The first pool (BP1) comprised 73 samples from the North (13), Northeast (36), and South (24) regions. Sixteen begomoviruses and one Topilevirus were detected in BP1. Four begomovirus-like contigs were identified as putative novel species (NS). NS#1 was reported in the semi-arid (Northeast) region and NS#2 and NS#4 in mild subtropical climates (South region), whereas NS#3 was detected in the warm and humid (North) region. The second pool (BP2) comprised 81 samples from Southeast (39) and Central-West (42) regions. Fourteen viruses and subviral agents were detected in BP2, including two topileviruses, a putative novel begomovirus (NS#5), and two alphasatellites occurring in continental highland areas. The five putative novel begomoviruses displayed strict endemic distributions. Conversely, tomato mottle leaf curl virus (a monopartite species) displayed the most widespread distribution occurring across the seven sampled biomes. The overall diversity and frequency of mixed infections were higher in susceptible (16 viruses + alphasatellites) in comparison to tolerant (carrying the Ty-1 or Ty-3 introgressions) samples, which displayed 9 viruses. This complex panorama reinforces the notion that the tomato-associated Geminiviridae diversity is yet underestimated in Neotropical regions.
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Geminiviridae , Metagenômica , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Brasil , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Geminiviridae/genética , Geminiviridae/classificação , Geminiviridae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Begomovirus/genética , Begomovirus/classificação , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
The whole genome sequence of a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) was sequenced from a Brazilian teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed a distinct genome pertaining to South American LPAIV from 2014 to 2016, indicating extensive circulation among South American wild birds.
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Bees are fundamental for maintaining pollination-dependent plant populations, both economically and ecologically. In Brazil, they constitute 66.3% of pollinators, contributing to an annual market value estimated at R$ 43 billion for pollination services. Unfortunately, worldwide bee populations are declining due to parasites and pathogens, more specifically viruses, alongside climate change, habitat loss, and pesticides. In this scenario, extensive research concerning bee diversity, virus diversity and surveillance, is necessary to aid the conservation of native managed pollinators and potential wild alternatives besides mitigating the emergence and spread of viral pathogens. A decrease in pollination can be a point of economic vulnerability in a country like Brazil because of its main dependence on food exports. Here we conducted a study aiming to obtain an overview of circulating viruses in bees within Brazilian territory highlighting the need for further studies to have a more realistic view of bee-infecting viruses in Brazil.
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Abelhas , Vírus de Insetos , Viroses , Animais , Abelhas/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de Insetos/classificação , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Vírus de Insetos/fisiologia , Polinização , Viroses/epidemiologia , Viroses/veterinária , Viroses/virologia , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus/classificação , Criação de AbelhasRESUMO
We describe 5 children who had Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and manifested clinical symptoms similar to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Sonora, Mexico, where RMSF is hyperendemic. Physicians should consider RMSF in differential diagnoses of hospitalized patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome to prevent illness and death caused by rickettsial disease.
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Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica , Humanos , México , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/diagnóstico , Criança , Masculino , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Few cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been reported in northeastern Argentina. However, neighboring areas show a higher incidence, suggesting underreporting. We evaluated the presence of antibodies against orthohantavirus in small rodents throughout Misiones province. Infected Akodon affinis montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes native rodents were found in protected areas of Misiones.
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Anticorpos Antivirais , Orthohantavírus , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Hantavirus/virologia , Roedores/virologia , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/virologia , Humanos , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologiaRESUMO
Cetacean morbillivirus is an etiologic agent associated with strandings of live and dead cetacean species occurring sporadically or as epizootics worldwide. We report 2 cases of cetacean morbillivirus in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Brazil and describe the anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization findings in the specimens.
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Jubarte , Infecções por Morbillivirus , Morbillivirus , Filogenia , Animais , Morbillivirus/isolamento & purificação , Morbillivirus/genética , Morbillivirus/classificação , Brasil , Infecções por Morbillivirus/veterináriaRESUMO
Until 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, had profoundly impacted the world. Consequently, Brazil, including the state of Goiás, was also significantly affected. Furthermore, in the second half of 2022, the state of Goiás experienced an unusual rise in influenza cases, despite it being an off-season period for influenza viruses in this region. As SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza infection have similar clinical manifestations, surveillance strategies are crucial for public health. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses co-circulate is important for surveillance and monitoring of these patterns of respiratory infections. In this context, this investigation monitored Influenza A and B cases from symptomatic individuals diagnosed as negative for COVID-19. Between September 2022 and May 2023, among the 779 samples tested, 126 (16.2%) were positive for Influenza A, whereas 93 samples (11.9%) were positive for Influenza B. In this period, the peak Influenza infection cases did not coincide with the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infections, suggesting a seasonal shift in viral circulation patterns.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vírus da Influenza A , Vírus da Influenza B , Influenza Humana , SARS-CoV-2 , Estações do Ano , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Vírus da Influenza B/genética , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/classificaçãoRESUMO
Respiratory diseases caused by viruses are a serious global health threat. Although the use of hand sanitizers containing alcohol and synthetic antiseptic agents is recognized as an effective, simple, and low-cost measure to combat viral transmission, they can harm human health and the environment. Thus, this work aimed to study the efficacy of combining Camellia sinensis and Chamomilla recutita extracts in a skin- and eco-friendly leave-on hand sanitizer to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses. An oil-in-water emulsion containing C. recutita oily extract (5.0%), C. recutita glycolic extract (0.2%) and C. sinensis glycolic extract (5.0%) showed virucidal activity against HAdV-2 (respiratory virus) and two surrogate viruses of SARS-CoV-2 (HSV-1 and MVH-3), showing great potential to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses. These natural extracts combined are also promising to combat a broad spectrum of other viruses, in the form of antiseptic mouthwashes or throat sprays, surface disinfectants, and veterinary products, among others. Complementally, the developed hand sanitizer demonstrated efficacy against bacteria and fungus.
Assuntos
Antivirais , Higienizadores de Mão , Extratos Vegetais , Higienizadores de Mão/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Humanos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/química , Camellia sinensis/química , Animais , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/virologiaRESUMO
Major dengue epidemics throughout Nicaragua's history have been dominated by 1 of 4 dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-4). To examine serotypes during the dengue epidemic in Nicaragua in 2022, we performed real-time genomic surveillance in-country and documented cocirculation of all 4 serotypes. We observed a shift toward co-dominance of DENV-1 and DENV-4 over previously dominant DENV-2. By analyzing 135 new full-length DENV sequences, we found that introductions underlay the resurgence: DENV-1 clustered with viruses from Ecuador in 2014 rather than those previously seen in Nicaragua; DENV-3, which last circulated locally in 2014, grouped instead with Southeast Asia strains expanding into Florida and Cuba in 2022; and new DENV-4 strains clustered within a South America lineage spreading to Florida in 2022. In contrast, DENV-2 persisted from the formerly dominant Nicaragua clade. We posit that the resurgence emerged from travel after the COVID-19 pandemic and that the resultant intensifying hyperendemicity could affect future dengue immunity and severity.