RESUMO
We report the near-full genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) originally collected from a naturally infected bovine in south-central Mexico. This sequence represents a coding-complete genome sequence of a VSIV from Mexico, a country where vesicular stomatitis is endemic.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a vector-borne pathogen of livestock, emerges periodically in the western US. In New Mexico (NM), US, most cases occur close to the Rio Grande River, implicating black flies (Simulium spp.) as a possible vector. In 2020, VS cases were reported in NM from April to May, although total black fly abundance remained high until September. We investigated the hypothesis that transience of local VSV transmission results from transient abundance of key, competent black fly species. Additionally, we investigated whether irrigation canals in southern NM support a different community of black flies than the main river. Lastly, to gain insight into the source of local black flies, in 2023 we collected black fly larvae prior to the release of water into the Rio Grande River channel. METHODS: We randomly sub-sampled adult black flies collected along the Rio Grande during and after the 2020 VSV outbreak. We also collected black fly adults along the river in 2021 and 2022 and at southern NM farms and irrigation canals in 2022. Black fly larvae were collected from dams in the area in 2023. All collections were counted, and individual specimens were subjected to molecular barcoding for species identification. RESULTS: DNA barcoding of adult black flies detected four species in 2020: Simulium meridionale (N = 158), S. mediovittatum (N = 83), S. robynae (N = 26) and S. griseum/notatum (N = 1). Simulium robynae was only detected during the VSV outbreak period, S. meridionale showed higher relative abundance, but lower absolute abundance, during the outbreak than post-outbreak period, and S. mediovittatum was rare during the outbreak period but predominated later in the summer. In 2022, relative abundance of black fly species did not differ significantly between the Rio Grande sites and farm and irrigation canals. Intriguingly, 63 larval black flies comprised 56% Simulium vittatum, 43% S. argus and 1% S. encisoi species that were either extremely rare or not detected in previous adult collections. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that S. robynae and S. meridionale could be shaping patterns of VSV transmission in southern NM. Thus, field studies of the source of these species as well as vector competence studies are warranted.
Assuntos
Simuliidae , Estomatite Vesicular , Animais , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , New Mexico/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores , Vesiculovirus , Larva , Surtos de DoençasRESUMO
The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) is an arbovirus causing vesicular stomatitis (VS) in livestock. There are two serotypes recognized: New Jersey (VSNJV) and Indiana (VSIV). The virus can be transmitted directly by contact or by vectors. In 2018, Ecuador experienced an outbreak of Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) in cattle, caused by VSNJV and VSVIV, with 399 cases reported distributed over 18 provinces. We determined the phylogenetic relationships among 67 strains. For the construction of phylogenetic trees, the viral phosphoprotein gene was sequenced, and trees were constructed based on the Maximum Likelihood method using 2004 outbreak strains from Ecuador (GenBank) and the 2018 sequences (this article). We built a haplotype network for VSNJV to trace the origin of the 2004 and 2018 epizootics through topology and mutation connections. These analyses suggest two different origins, one related to the 2004 outbreak and the other from a transmission source in 2018. Our analysis also suggests different transmission patterns; several small and independent outbreaks, most probably transmitted by vectors in the Amazon, and another outbreak caused by the movement of livestock in the Andean and Coastal regions. We recommend further research into vectors and vertebrate reservoirs in Ecuador to clarify the mechanisms of the reemergence of the virus.
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Conventional plaque assays rely on the use of overlays to restrict viral infection allowing the formation of distinct foci that grow in time as the replication cycle continues leading to countable plaques that are visualized with standard techniques such as crystal violet, neutral red, or immunolabeling. This classical approach takes several days until large enough plaques can be visualized and counted with some variation due to subjectivity in plaque recognition. Since plaques are clonal lesions produced by virus-induced cytopathic effect, we applied DNA fluorescent dyes with differential cell permeability to visualize them by live-cell imaging. We could observe different stages of that cytopathic effect corresponding to an early wave of cells with chromatin-condensation followed by a wave of dead cells with membrane permeabilization within plaques generated by different animal viruses. This approach enables an automated plaque identification using image analysis to increase single plaque resolution compared to crystal violet counterstaining and allows its application to plaque tracking and plaque reduction assays to test compounds for both antiviral and cytotoxic activities. This fluorescent real-time plaque assay sums to those next-generation technologies by combining this robust classical method with modern fluorescence microscopy and image analysis approaches for future applications in virology.
Assuntos
Imagem Óptica/instrumentação , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Ensaio de Placa Viral/métodos , Automação Laboratorial , Linhagem Celular , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Análise de Célula Única/instrumentação , Ensaio de Placa Viral/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
This article describes the recurrence of outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. The procedures for treating the outbreak of vesicular disease, sample collection, laboratory tests performed, and the results obtained were described. The clinical signs and observed injuries have been described. The sera showed antibodies that cross-react between the Vesiculovirus Indiana, Cocal, and Alagoas. The serological profile shows the presence of high antibody titers for Alagoas vesiculovirus in cattle, swine, and horses. Higher antibody titers indicate the viral serotype present in the outbreak. The genetic sequencing of the isolates confirmed the presence of Alagoas vesiculovirus, which grouped with the virus isolated in 2013 from cattle from the State of Maranhão.
Assuntos
Estomatite Vesicular , Vesiculovirus , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Cavalos , Sorogrupo , Suínos , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Vesiculovirus/genéticaRESUMO
World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized the infectious emerging diseases such as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in terms of research and development of effective tests, vaccines, antivirals, and other treatments. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological causative agent of COVID-19, is a virus belonging to risk group 3 that requires Biosafety Level (BSL)-3 laboratories and the corresponding facilities for handling. An alternative to these BSL-3/-4 laboratories is to use a pseudotyped virus that can be handled in a BSL-2 laboratory for study purposes. Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) can be generated with complementary DNA from complete negative-stranded genomic RNA, with deleted G glycoprotein and, instead, incorporation of other fusion protein, like SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S protein). Accordingly, it is called pseudotyped VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S. In this review, we have described the generation of pseudotyped VSV with a focus on the optimization and application of pseudotyped VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S. The application of this pseudovirus has been addressed by its use in neutralizing antibody assays in order to evaluate a new vaccine, emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants (delta and omicron), and approved vaccine efficacy against variants of concern as well as in viral fusion-focused treatment analysis that can be performed under BSL-2 conditions.
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Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) is the etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which has a case fatality rate around 35%, with no effective treatment or vaccine available. ANDV neutralizing antibody (NAb) measurements are important for the evaluation of the immune response following infection, vaccination, or passive administration of investigational monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. The standard assay for NAb measurement is a focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) featuring live ANDV and must be completed under biosafety level (BSL)-3 conditions. In this study, we compared neutralization assays featuring infectious ANDV or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirions decorated with ANDV glycoproteins for their ability to measure anti-ANDV NAbs from patient samples. Our studies demonstrate that VSV pseudovirions effectively measure NAb from clinical samples and have greater sensitivity compared to FRNT with live ANDV. Importantly, the pseudovirus assay requires less labor and sample materials and can be conducted at BSL-2.
Assuntos
Infecções por Hantavirus , Orthohantavírus , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Testes de NeutralizaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this survey was to estimate the apparent herd-level and animal-level prevalences, as well as to identify risk factors and spatial clustering of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) positive herds in the state of Paraíba, semiarid of Brazil. The state was divided into three sampling strata: Sertão, Borborema and Zona da Mata/Agreste. For each sampling stratum, herd-level and animal-level prevalences were estimated by a two-stage sampling survey. First, a pre-established number of herds (primary sampling units) were randomly selected; second, within each herd, a pre-established number of cows aged ≥ 24 months were systematically selected (secondary sampling units). In total, 2279 animals were sampled from 468 herds. Serum samples were submitted to virus neutralization (VN) test for detection of antibodies to VSV using three viral strains: VSIV-3 2013SaoBento/Paraiba E, strain Indiana (VSIV-1) and VSNJV. A herd was considered positive for VSV if it included at least one positive animal in herds of up to 10 females, two positive animals in herds of 11-99 females, and three positive in herds with more than 99 females. The spatial clustering was assessed using the Cuzick-Edwards' k-nearest neighbor method and spatial scan statistics. The apparent herd-level prevalence in the state of Paraíba was 38.5% (95% CI = 35.5-41.6%), 80.6% (95% CI = 73.6-86.2%) in the region of Sertão, 7.0% (95% CI = 3.9-12.2%) in Borborema, and 2.6% (95% CI = 1.0-6.7%) in Agreste/Zona da Mata. The apparent animal-level prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI = 20.6-32.8%) in the state of Paraíba, 48.2% (95% CI = 41.5-54.9%) in Sertão, 6.3% (95% CI = 2.7-14%) in Borborema, and 3.2% 1.9% (95% CI = 0.4-8.4%) in Agreste/Zona da Mata. The risk factors identified were as follows: mixed production (milk/beef) (OR = 4.54), herd size > 23 animals (OR = 3.57), presence of cervids (OR = 15.24), rental of pastures (OR = 3.02), sharing of water sources (OR = 2.57) and presence of horses (OR = 1.69). Two significant clusters of positive herds were detected: the primary cluster covered the Sertão region and the secondary cluster covered part of the Sertão and Borborema regions. Our results suggest high VSV circulation in the bovine population of the state of Paraíba, semiarid region of Brazil, mainly in the Sertão mesoregion, and based on risk factor analysis it was possible to identify important associations that deserve more investigation on causal factors.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Feminino , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Análise Espacial , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/imunologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/imunologiaRESUMO
La enfermedad boca mano pie es una infección altamente contagiosa, causada por el virus Coxsackie A16 y el enterovirus 71. La transmisión ocurre por contacto directo con secreciones nasales, orales, materia fecal y gotas aerolizadas, en una ruta fecal-oral o ruta oral-oral, y a través de objetos contaminados. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de cuatro años de edad que acudió a la consulta de estomatología por la presencia de vesículas dolorosas en la mucosa bucal, las cuales dificultaban su alimentación. Además presentaba rash en manos y pies. Luego de indicársele tratamiento estomatológico, fue remitido al pediatra de su área de salud, quien concluyó el diagnostico de enfermedad boca mano pie. El componente bucal de esta entidad constituye, por lo general, el principal síntoma y el motivo de consulta, sin embargo, es poco conocida en el perfil estomatológico. En ello radica el interés de la presentación, ya que el conocimiento de la fisiopatología y el cuadro clínico de la afección, permite al estomatólogo realizar el diagnóstico diferencial y sospechar clínicamente la enfermedad.
Foot, hand and mouth disease is a highly contagious disease, caused by the A16 Coxsackie virus and 71 enterovirus. The transmission occurs by the direct contact with nasal and oral secretions or fecal material and sprayed drops, in an oral fecal or fecal oral route and through contaminated objects. A case of a 4 year old patient came to the dental office due to the presence of painful blisters in the oral mucosa which made his feeding difficult. In addition he had a rash in hands and feet. After prescribing dental treatment he was referred to the pediatrician of his health area who conclude the diagnosis of foot, hand and mouth disease. The oral component is generally the main symptom and the chief complaint, however, its almost unknown in its oral profile. That is the reason for the interest of this presentation because knowing its physiopathology and the clinical characteristics of the presentation allows differential diagnosis and clinically suspect the disease.
RESUMO
Vesiculoviruses (VSV) are zoonotic viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis disease in cattle, horses and pigs, as well as sporadic human cases of acute febrile illness. Therefore, diagnosis of VSV infections by reliable laboratory techniques is important to allow a proper case management and implementation of strategies for the containment of virus spread. We show here a sensitive and reproducible real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection and quantification of VSV. The assay was evaluated with arthropods and serum samples obtained from horses, cattle and patients with acute febrile disease. The real-time RT-PCR amplified the Piry, Carajas, Alagoas and Indiana Vesiculovirus at a melting temperature 81.02 ± 0.8ºC, and the sensitivity of assay was estimated in 10 RNA copies/mL to the Piry Vesiculovirus. The viral genome has been detected in samples of horses and cattle, but not detected in human sera or arthropods. Thus, this assay allows a preliminary differential diagnosis of VSV infections.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Vesiculovirus/genética , Bovinos , Cavalos/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , RNA Viral/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Dengue is the most important arbovirus disease throughout the world and it is responsible for more than 500,000 dengue hemorrhagic cases and 22,000 deaths every year. One vaccine was recently licensed for human use in Brazil, Mexico and Philippines and although at least seven candidates have been in clinical trials the results of the most developed CYD vaccine have demonstrated immunization problems, such as uneven protection and interference between serotypes. We constructed a vaccine candidate based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expression of pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of dengue-2 virus (DENV-2) and tested it in mice to evaluate immunogenicity and protection against DENV-2 infection. VSV has been successfully used as vaccine vectors for several viruses to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The VSV-DENV-2 recombinant was constructed by inserting the DENV-2 structural proteins into a VSV plasmid DNA for recombinant VSV-DENV-2 recovery. Infectious recombinant VSV viruses were plaque purified and prM and E expression were confirmed by immunofluorescence and radiolabeling of proteins of infected cells. Forty Balb/C mice were inoculated through subcutaneous (s.c.) route with VSV-DENV-2 vaccine in a two doses schedule 15 d apart and 29 d after first inoculation, sera were collected and the mice were challenged with 50 lethal doses (LD50) of a neurovirulent DENV-2. The VSV-DENV-2 induced anti-DENV-2 antibodies and protected animals in the challenge experiment comparable to DENV-2 immunization control group. We conclude that VSV is a promising platform to test as a DENV vaccine and perhaps against others Flaviviridae.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Dengue/imunologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Portadores de Fármacos , Vetores Genéticos , Vesiculovirus/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacinas contra Dengue/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Dengue/genética , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/genética , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/genética , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genética , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is endemic in Central America and northern regions of South America, where sporadic outbreaks in cattle and pigs can cause clinical signs that are similar to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). There is therefore a pressing need for rapid, sensitive and specific differential diagnostic assays that are suitable for decision making in the field. RT-LAMP assays have been developed for vesicular diseases such as FMD and swine vesicular disease (SVD) but there is currently no RT-LAMP assay that can detect VS virus (VSV), nor are there any multiplex RT-LAMP assays which permit rapid discrimination between these 'look-a-like' diseases in situ. This study describes the development of a novel RT-LAMP assay for the detection of VSV focusing on the New Jersey (VSNJ) serotype, which has caused most of the recent VS cases in the Americas. This RT-LAMP assay was combined in a multiplex format combining molecular lateral-flow devices for the discrimination between FMD and VS. This assay was able to detect representative VSNJV's and the limit of detection of the singleplex and multiplex VSNJV RT-LAMP assays were equivalent to laboratory based real-time RT-PCR assays. A similar multiplex RT-LAMP assay was developed to discriminate between FMDV and SVDV, showing that FMDV, SVDV and VSNJV could be reliably detected within epithelial suspensions without the need for prior RNA extraction, providing an approach that could be used as the basis for a rapid and low cost assay for differentiation of FMD from other vesicular diseases in the field.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , América Central , Febre Aftosa/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , América do Sul , Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doença Vesicular Suína/virologia , Temperatura , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/classificação , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/genéticaRESUMO
A Estomatite Vesicular (EV) é uma doença infecciosa que acomete equinos, bovinos, suínos, mamíferos silvestres e humanos. Por apresentar sinais clínicos semelhantes a outras doenças vesiculares, principalmente, febre aftosa, sua presença em determinadas regiões pode interferir no intercâmbio comercial internacional dos animais, seus produtos e subprodutos. Apesar de sua importância, a epidemiologia e a manutenção do vírus no ambiente não estão totalmente esclarecidas dificultando a aplicação de medidas de controle efetivas. A doença já foi diagnosticada em todas as regiões brasileiras. Bovinos com sialorréia, perda do epitélio lingual, lesões abertas com bordas amareladas nas gengivas, lábios, língua e mucosa oral e equinos com sialorréia e lesões abertas na mucosa oral e lábios foram observados e notificados ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Estado do Maranhão, Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Maranhão (AGRD/MA). Amostras de soro de equinos e bovinos com sintomas de EV foram coletadas para investigação por ELISA e por neutralização viral, além do diagnóstico diferencial para Febre Aftosa (FA). Fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos com lesões na língua foram coletados para identificação molecular do agente. Todos os animais foram negativos para FA. Todos os bovinos e equinos foram reativos para EV nos testes sorológicos. A partir dos fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos enviados ao Instituto Biológico de São Paulo para PCR, foi possível caracterizar o agente como VesiculovirusIndiana III (Alagoas/VSAV).
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an infectious viral disease that affects bovines, equines, swine, wild animals and humans. As it is indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, mainly Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), it causes restrictions in commercial livestock trade at national and international levels and also significant economic losses. As the epidemiology and maintenance of VS virus in nature are not clearly understood it is difficult to take effective control measures. VS was diagnosed in some regions of Brazil, such as Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Alagoas. Cattle and horses with clinical symptoms of drooling, shedding of the lingual epithelium, presence of vesicles on the oral mucosa were observed and reported to the National Animal Health Office health of Maranhão State, Brazil. Samples of serum of these animals were collected and sent to Laboratório Nacional de Agropecuaria for ELISA and virus neutralization and differential diagnosis for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The results of ELISA confirmed the VS. In the differential diagnosis, the results were negative for FMD. Samples of bovine epithelial tissue for VS by PCR confirmation of diagnosis were collected and sent to Biological Institute of São Paulo. Molecular results confirmed the VesiculovirusIndiana III (Alagoas/VSAV) infection.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Estomatite Vesicular/prevenção & controle , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/veterinária , Notificação de Doenças , Desinfecção , Quarentena/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Controle de Vetores de Doenças , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New JerseyRESUMO
A Estomatite Vesicular (EV) é uma doença infecciosa que acomete equinos, bovinos, suínos, mamíferos silvestres e humanos. Por apresentar sinais clínicos semelhantes a outras doenças vesiculares, principalmente, febre aftosa, sua presença em determinadas regiões pode interferir no intercâmbio comercial internacional dos animais, seus produtos e subprodutos. Apesar de sua importância, a epidemiologia e a manutenção do vírus no ambiente não estão totalmente esclarecidas dificultando a aplicação de medidas de controle efetivas. A doença já foi diagnosticada em todas as regiões brasileiras. Bovinos com sialorréia, perda do epitélio lingual, lesões abertas com bordas amareladas nas gengivas, lábios, língua e mucosa oral e equinos com sialorréia e lesões abertas na mucosa oral e lábios foram observados e notificados ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Estado do Maranhão, Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Maranhão (AGRD/MA). Amostras de soro de equinos e bovinos com sintomas de EV foram coletadas para investigação por ELISA e por neutralização viral, além do diagnóstico diferencial para Febre Aftosa (FA). Fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos com lesões na língua foram coletados para identificação molecular do agente. Todos os animais foram negativos para FA. Todos os bovinos e equinos foram reativos para EV nos testes sorológicos. A partir dos fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos enviados ao Instituto Biológico de São Paulo para PCR, foi possível caracterizar o agente como VesiculovirusIndiana III (Alagoas/VSAV).(AU)
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an infectious viral disease that affects bovines, equines, swine, wild animals and humans. As it is indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, mainly Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), it causes restrictions in commercial livestock trade at national and international levels and also significant economic losses. As the epidemiology and maintenance of VS virus in nature are not clearly understood it is difficult to take effective control measures. VS was diagnosed in some regions of Brazil, such as Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Alagoas. Cattle and horses with clinical symptoms of drooling, shedding of the lingual epithelium, presence of vesicles on the oral mucosa were observed and reported to the National Animal Health Office health of Maranhão State, Brazil. Samples of serum of these animals were collected and sent to Laboratório Nacional de Agropecuaria for ELISA and virus neutralization and differential diagnosis for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The results of ELISA confirmed the VS. In the differential diagnosis, the results were negative for FMD. Samples of bovine epithelial tissue for VS by PCR confirmation of diagnosis were collected and sent to Biological Institute of São Paulo. Molecular results confirmed the VesiculovirusIndiana III (Alagoas/VSAV) infection.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Estomatite Vesicular/epidemiologia , Estomatite Vesicular/prevenção & controle , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/veterinária , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Controle de Vetores de Doenças , Desinfecção , Notificação de Doenças , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Quarentena/veterináriaRESUMO
The present report describes the first case of vesicular stomatitis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Records from the Official Veterinary Services of the State of Paraíba were analyzed while responding to a suspected case of vesicular disease at a property (property I) in the municipality of Pombal in which the cattle showed clinical signs and lesions of vesicular disease. Surveillance in the surrounding area revealed similar lesions in cattle at two other properties (II and III). Based on these events, the suspicion was considered well founded, and samples were collected for evaluation at the National Agricultural Laboratory of the State of Pará. The property was interdicted, and those located within a 3 km radius (perifocal) from the focus were inspected. At property I, 42.86% (6/14) of the cattle showed vesicular disease lesions characterized by intense sialorrhea, ruptured oral vesicles, epithelial detachment of the tongue and muzzle, and vesicular lesions in the udder and interdigital space. Similar lesions were detected in cattle at properties II and III, affecting 80.95% (34/42) and 11.54% (3/26) of the animals, respectively. Tissue samples collected from the three properties were positive for the vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 3 subtype). The properties were monitored for 21 days after the last infected animal was cured, and afterwards, the three properties were released.(AU)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o primeiro diagnóstico de Estomatite Vesicular no Estado da Paraíba. Foram analisados os documentos produzidos pelo Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Estado da Paraíba durante o atendimento de uma notificação de suspeita de doença vesicular em uma propriedade (propriedade I) do município de Pombal em que bovinos apresentavam sinais clínicos e lesões compatíveiscom doença vesicular. Durante a vigilância das propriedades vizinhas, em outras duas propriedades (II e III) foram encontradas lesões similares. Diante desse quadro, a suspeita foi considerada fundamentada e foi feita a colheita de material para diagnóstico no Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário no Estado do Pará (LANAGRO-PA), interdição da propriedade e investigação das propriedades de um raio de 3 km (perifocal) em torno do foco. Na propriedade I, 42,86% (6/14) bovinos existentes apresentaram lesões de doença vesicular caracterizados por sialorréia intensa, vesículas rompidas na cavidade oral e desprendimento do epitélio lingual e da mufla, lesões vesiculares no úbere e no espaço interdigital. Nas propriedades II e III foram encontradas lesões similares afetando 80,95% (34/42) e 11,54% (3/26) dos animais, respectivamente. O resultado laboratorial das amostras das três propriedades foi positivo para o Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular subtipo Indiana 3. O monitoramento continuou até 21 dias após a cura clínica do último animal doente quando as três propriedades foram desinterditadas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Sialorreia/veterinária , BrasilRESUMO
We analyzed the phylogenetic and time-space relationships (phylodynamics) of 181 isolates of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) causing disease in Mexico and the United States (US) from 2005 through 2012. We detail the emergence of a genetic lineage in southern Mexico causing outbreaks in central Mexico spreading into northern Mexico and eventually into the US. That emerging lineage showed higher nucleotide sequence identity (99.5%) than that observed for multiple lineages circulating concurrently in southern Mexico (96.8%). Additionally, we identified 58 isolates from Mexico that, unlike previous isolates from Mexico, grouped with northern Central America clade II viruses. This study provides the first direct evidence for the emergence and northward migration of a specific VSNJV genetic lineage from endemic areas in Mexico causing VS outbreaks in the US. In addition we document the emergence of a Central American VSNJV genetic lineage moving northward and causing outbreaks in central Mexico.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Filogeografia , Estomatite Vesicular/virologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/genética , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Epidemias , México/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular New Jersey/classificaçãoRESUMO
The present report describes the first case of vesicular stomatitis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Records from the Official Veterinary Services of the State of Paraíba were analyzed while responding to a suspected case of vesicular disease at a property (property I) in the municipality of Pombal in which the cattle showed clinical signs and lesions of vesicular disease. Surveillance in the surrounding area revealed similar lesions in cattle at two other properties (II and III). Based on these events, the suspicion was considered well founded, and samples were collected for evaluation at the National Agricultural Laboratory of the State of Pará. The property was interdicted, and those located within a 3 km radius (perifocal) from the focus were inspected. At property I, 42.86% (6/14) of the cattle showed vesicular disease lesions characterized by intense sialorrhea, ruptured oral vesicles, epithelial detachment of the tongue and muzzle, and vesicular lesions in the udder and interdigital space. Similar lesions were detected in cattle at properties II and III, affecting 80.95% (34/42) and 11.54% (3/26) of the animals, respectively. Tissue samples collected from the three properties were positive for the vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 3 subtype). The properties were monitored for 21 days after the last infected animal was cured, and afterwards, the three properties were released.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o primeiro diagnóstico de Estomatite Vesicular no Estado da Paraíba. Foram analisados os documentos produzidos pelo Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Estado da Paraíba durante o atendimento de uma notificação de suspeita de doença vesicular em uma propriedade (propriedade I) do município de Pombal em que bovinos apresentavam sinais clínicos e lesões compatíveiscom doença vesicular. Durante a vigilância das propriedades vizinhas, em outras duas propriedades (II e III) foram encontradas lesões similares. Diante desse quadro, a suspeita foi considerada fundamentada e foi feita a colheita de material para diagnóstico no Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário no Estado do Pará (LANAGRO-PA), interdição da propriedade e investigação das propriedades de um raio de 3 km (perifocal) em torno do foco. Na propriedade I, 42,86% (6/14) bovinos existentes apresentaram lesões de doença vesicular caracterizados por sialorréia intensa, vesículas rompidas na cavidade oral e desprendimento do epitélio lingual e da mufla, lesões vesiculares no úbere e no espaço interdigital. Nas propriedades II e III foram encontradas lesões similares afetando 80,95% (34/42) e 11,54% (3/26) dos animais, respectivamente. O resultado laboratorial das amostras das três propriedades foi positivo para o Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular subtipo Indiana 3. O monitoramento continuou até 21 dias após a cura clínica do último animal doente quando as três propriedades foram desinterditadas.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Estomatite Vesicular/diagnóstico , Sialorreia/veterinária , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , BrasilRESUMO
Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) is caused by Vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV), negative single stranded RNA arthropod-borne members of the Family Rhabdoviridae. The VSV virion is composed of the host derived plasma membrane, the envelope, and an internal ribonucleoprotein core. The envelope contains a transmembrane glycoprotein, the G protein, which mediates viral entry and exit from the cell. The ribonucleoprotein core contains the viral genome encased within the nucleocapsid protein, the N protein. The large protein (L), the nucleocapsid (N) and the phosphoprotein (P) have key roles in viral replication. The matrix protein (M protein), located between the envelope and the nucleocapsid core participates in viral assembly, and particle budding. The VSV serotypes involved with disease in livestock are New Jersey and Indiana 1, 2 and 3. Serotypes New Jersey and Indiana 1 occur from USA through Central America to much of South America. Serotype Indiana 3 (or Alagoas) occurs in the North, Northeast and Central Brazil. The serotype Indiana 2 (or Cocal), occurs in Southern Brazil and in Argentina. Outbreaks of VS in Brazil in recent years have resulted in severe economic losses. The clinical disease in horses, cattle, and pigs is characterized by vesicles in tongue, planum nasale, planum rostrale, coronary bands (CB) of the feet, prepuce, and teats. Subclinical disease, with seroconversion and lack of on of vesicle formation is common under natural conditions and can be induced experimentally depending on the site inoculation. VSV infection typically involves cytolytic infection of mammalian host cells at specific sites of inoculation. Transmission can occur via infected insect bite but animal-to-animal contact could also be important in within-herd spread. There is some evidence to suggest that biting insects may play a role in the pathogenesis of VSV infection, although mechanisms of pathogenesis are not well understood. Viral spread seems to stop at the draining lymph nodes with no viremia. As a well-known in vitro producer of interferon, it is hypothesized that the host immune response to VSV infection may limit viral spread. A better understanding of pathogenic aspects could allow development of prevention and disease control strategies.
Assuntos
Animais , Vesiculovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estomatite Vesicular/patologia , Estomatite Vesicular/transmissão , Gado/virologia , Criação de Animais DomésticosRESUMO
Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) is caused by Vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV), negative single stranded RNA arthropod-borne members of the Family Rhabdoviridae. The VSV virion is composed of the host derived plasma membrane, the envelope, and an internal ribonucleoprotein core. The envelope contains a transmembrane glycoprotein, the G protein, which mediates viral entry and exit from the cell. The ribonucleoprotein core contains the viral genome encased within the nucleocapsid protein, the N protein. The large protein (L), the nucleocapsid (N) and the phosphoprotein (P) have key roles in viral replication. The matrix protein (M protein), located between the envelope and the nucleocapsid core, participates in viral assembly, and particle budding. The VSV serotypes involved with disease in livestock are New Jersey and Indiana 1, 2 and 3. Serotypes New Jersey and Indiana 1 occur from USA through Central America to much of South America. Serotype Indiana 3 (or Alagoas) occurs in the North, Northeast and Central Brazil. The serotype Indiana 2 (or Cocal), occurs in Southern Brazil and in Argentina. Outbreaks of VS in Brazil in recent years have resulted in severe economic losses. The clinical disease in horses, cattle, and pigs is characterized by vesicles in tongue, planum nasale, planum rostrale, coronary bands (CB) of the feet, prepuce, and teats. Subclinical disease, with seroconve
RESUMO
El presente estudio calculó diferentes MI (Multiplicidad de Infección) para la producción de cultivos industriales de virus de Estomatitis Vesicular (EV) y evaluó el efecto de la cantidad de glicoproteína G en la inducción de respuesta de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el virus de EV en cobayos inmunizados con una vacuna oleosa bivalente (Indiana (I) y New Jersey (NJ)). Al establecer el MI más eficiente se logró mejorar la cinética de infección de los cultivos industriales disminuyendo los tiempos de cultivo y mejorando los títulos infectantes. Adicionalmente se encontró que títulos de anticuerpos neutralizantes de cobayos inmunizados con vacuna de EV conteniendo aproximadamente 5 microgramos de glicoproteína G de cada serotipo fueron de 3.66 log10 para I y 4.06 log10 para NJ, los cuales se correlacionan con títulos de protección en bovinos. De este estudio se puede concluir que al seleccionar un mejor MI se puede hacer más eficiente el proceso de producción de cultivos virales industriales de EV y que la formulación de una vacuna contra estomatitis vesicular a partir de la cuantificación de la glicoproteína G puede ser una metodología de gran utilidad en la producción industrial de vacunas de buena calidad.
This experiment assess different MI for Vesicular Stomatitis VS virus industrial culture production and evaluated the effect of glycoprotein G concentration in relation to antibodies induction against VS on guinea pigs vaccinated with oil bivalent vaccine (Indiana I and New Jersey NJ). With efficient MI it was possible to get better kinetic of infection at industrial cultures, reducing time of culture and improving viral titers. In addition, it was found that neutralizing titers of guinea pigs immunized with an EV vaccine containing 5 micrograms of glycoprotein G, were 3.66 log10 for I and 4.06 log10 for NJ, which are correlated to protection titers in cattle. About this study can be concluded that selecting a superior MI, efficiency of industrial VE virus production can be improved; on the other hand, glycoprotein G quantification methodology can be useful for a good quality VS Vaccine industrial manufacture.