RESUMO
This paper focuses on the implementation of a constrained Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) approach within the level processes of the FESTO™ MPS-PA Compact Workstation plant in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm. The goal is to develop an industrial control application with decentralized logic that optimizes the operation of the plant while adhering to specific constraints. The implementation is carried out using the IEC-61499 standard and the OPC-UA protocol, enabling seamless communication between devices and systems. The authors utilize the 4diac-IDE and 4diac-FORTE as the development and runtime environments, respectively, to enable the execution of the control application on low-cost devices. The Beagle Bone Black (BBB) card is used for data acquisition and actuator control. Three types of constraints are considered: control increment (Δu(k)), output (ym(k)), and control (u(k)) constraints, to prevent unnecessary stress on the actuator and avoid damage to the plant. The QP algorithm is employed to optimize the objective function and address these constraints effectively. By integrating advanced control strategies into industrial processes in the IIoT paradigm and implementing them on low-cost devices, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of improving system performance, resource utilization, and overall productivity while considering system limitations and constraints.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Food intake influences uric acid (UA) levels and hyperuricemia (HU), but evidence on the role of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are scarce. The association between UPFs consumption and (1) HU prevalence and UA levels; (2) HU cumulative incidence; and (3) UA level change over a 4-year period was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using baseline (2008-2010, aged 35-74 years) and second visit (2012-2014) data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Participants with glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, bariatric surgery, implausible caloric intake, and using urate-lowering therapy (ULT) at baseline were excluded (all analyses). Participants with HU at baseline were excluded from longitudinal analyses. UPFs consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized by the NOVA classification system (100 g/day). HU was defined as UA≥6.8 mg/dL. Linear, logistic, and mixed-effect linear regressions investigated the associations between UPFs consumption and UA/HU, adjusted for covariates. The final samples included 13,923 (cross-sectional) and 10,517 (longitudinal) individuals. The prevalence of HU was 18.7%, and the cumulative incidence was 4.9%. Greater UPFs consumption was associated with a greater prevalence of HU (OR:1.025 95%CI: 1.006; 1.044) and higher UA levels (ß:0.024 95%CI: 0.016; 0.032). Every additional consumption of 100 g/day of UPFs raised the 4-year cumulative incidence of HU by 5.6% (95%CI: 1.021; 1.092). However, UPFs were not associated with the pace of UA level changes during the study period. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that greater UPFs consumption is associated with another deleterious health consequence: higher UA levels and the risk of having HU.
Assuntos
Hiperuricemia , Ácido Úrico , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Hiperuricemia/diagnóstico , Hiperuricemia/epidemiologia , Alimento Processado , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
This study aimed to examine the relationship between skull size and the level of cranial vault suture closure. A total of 50 Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 and 178 Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758 skulls were analyzed in relation to 18 skull dimensions. The skulls were grouped into three levels of suture closure: no sutures closed (level 0), one or all the fallowing sutures closed: interfrontalis, sagitalis and coronalis (level 1) and all sutures closed (level 2). The results indicated that among the 18 variables measured, 17 showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between level 0 and level 1 skulls of T. tetradactyla; as well as between level 0 and level 1, and level 0 and level 2 skulls of M. tridactyla. M. tridactyla level 1 and level 2 had no significant difference among any of the 18 dimensions. The foramen magnum height in both species showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) among any suture categories. In principle, suture closure level and cranial dimensions are related. The specimens with larger cranial dimensions showed greater number of cranial vault sutures closed for both species of anteaters. Tamandua tetradactyla and M. tridactyla specimens with none of the cranial vault suture closed have a foramen magnum height similar to those with cranial vault suture closed.(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar a relação das dimensões do crânio e o grau de fechamento das suturas da abóboda craniana. Foram analisados 50 crânios de Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 e 178 de Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758 em relação a 18 dimensões do crânio. Os crânios foram divididos em três grupos quanto ao grau de fechamento da sutura: nenhuma sutura fechada (grau 0), uma ou todas das seguintes suturas fechadas: interfrontalis, sagitalis e coronalis (grau 1) e todas as suturas fechadas (grau 2). Os resultados indicaram que das 18 dimensões 17 apresentaram diferença significativa (p ≤ 0,01) entre grau 0 e grau 1 de T. tetradactyla; entre grau 0 e grau 1, e grau 0 e grau 2 de M. tridactyla. Indivíduos grau 1 e grau 2 de M. tridactylanão apresentaram diferença significativa em nenhuma das 18 dimensões. A altura do forame magno nas duas espécies não apresentou diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre nenhuma das categorias de sutura (grau 0, grau 1 e grau 2). Em princípio, o nível de fechamento da sutura e as dimensões cranianas estão relacionados. Os espécimes com dimensões cranianas maiores apresentaram maior número de suturas de abóbada craniana fechadas para ambas as espécies de tamanduás. Os espécimes de T. tetradactyla e M. tridactyla sem sutura da abóbada craniana fechada possuem altura do forame magno semelhante àquelas com sutura da abóbada craniana fechada.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suturas Cranianas/anatomia & histologia , Cefalometria , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Xenarthra/anatomia & histologia , Pesos e Medidas CorporaisRESUMO
This study aimed to examine the relationship between skull size and the level of cranial vault suture closure. A total of 50 Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 and 178 Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758 skulls were analyzed in relation to 18 skull dimensions. The skulls were grouped into three levels of suture closure: no sutures closed (level 0), one or all the fallowing sutures closed: interfrontalis, sagitalis and coronalis (level 1) and all sutures closed (level 2). The results indicated that among the 18 variables measured, 17 showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between level 0 and level 1 skulls of T. tetradactyla; as well as between level 0 and level 1, and level 0 and level 2 skulls of M. tridactyla. M. tridactyla level 1 and level 2 had no significant difference among any of the 18 dimensions. The foramen magnum height in both species showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) among any suture categories. In principle, suture closure level and cranial dimensions are related. The specimens with larger cranial dimensions showed greater number of cranial vault sutures closed for both species of anteaters. Tamandua tetradactyla and M. tridactyla specimens with none of the cranial vault suture closed have a foramen magnum height similar to those with cranial vault suture closed.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar a relação das dimensões do crânio e o grau de fechamento das suturas da abóboda craniana. Foram analisados 50 crânios de Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 e 178 de Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758 em relação a 18 dimensões do crânio. Os crânios foram divididos em três grupos quanto ao grau de fechamento da sutura: nenhuma sutura fechada (grau 0), uma ou todas das seguintes suturas fechadas: interfrontalis, sagitalis e coronalis (grau 1) e todas as suturas fechadas (grau 2). Os resultados indicaram que das 18 dimensões 17 apresentaram diferença significativa (p ≤ 0,01) entre grau 0 e grau 1 de T. tetradactyla; entre grau 0 e grau 1, e grau 0 e grau 2 de M. tridactyla. Indivíduos grau 1 e grau 2 de M. tridactylanão apresentaram diferença significativa em nenhuma das 18 dimensões. A altura do forame magno nas duas espécies não apresentou diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre nenhuma das categorias de sutura (grau 0, grau 1 e grau 2). Em princípio, o nível de fechamento da sutura e as dimensões cranianas estão relacionados. Os espécimes com dimensões cranianas maiores apresentaram maior número de suturas de abóbada craniana fechadas para ambas as espécies de tamanduás. Os espécimes de T. tetradactyla e M. tridactyla sem sutura da abóbada craniana fechada possuem altura do forame magno semelhante àquelas com sutura da abóbada craniana fechada.
Assuntos
Animais , Cefalometria , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Suturas Cranianas/anatomia & histologia , Xenarthra/anatomia & histologia , Pesos e Medidas CorporaisRESUMO
In this study, we revealed that OA and UA significantly inhibited the expression of most genes related to peptidoglycan biosynthesis in S. mutans UA159. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to introduce the antimicrobial mechanism of OA and UA against S. mutans.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Vias Biossintéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Peptidoglicano/biossíntese , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
In this study, we revealed that OA and UA significantly inhibited the expression of most genes related to peptidoglycan biosynthesis in S. mutans UA159. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to introduce the antimicrobial mechanism of OA and UA against S. mutans.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Vias Biossintéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Peptidoglicano/biossíntese , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In this study, we revealed that OA and UA significantly inhibited the expression of most genes related to peptidoglycan biosynthesis in S. mutans UA159. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to introduce the antimicrobial mechanism of OA and UA against S. mutans.(AU)
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Vias Biossintéticas , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Peptidoglicano/biossíntese , Streptococcus mutans , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe placental pathological findings in late-onset small-for-gestational age (SGA) births for which Doppler signs of placental insufficiency are lacking. METHODS: A series of placentas were evaluated from singleton pregnancies of SGA births (birth weight below the 10th percentile) delivered after 34 weeks with normal umbilical artery Doppler (pulsatility index below the 95th percentile), that were matched by gestational age with adequate-for-gestational age (AGA) controls. Using a hierarchical and standardized system, placental lesions were classified histologically as consequence of maternal underperfusion, fetal underperfusion or inflammation. RESULTS: A total of 284 placentas were evaluated (142 SGA and 142 AGA). In the SGA group, 54.2% (77/142) of the placentas had weights below the 3rd percentile for GA while it was a 9.9% (14/142) in the AGA group (p < 0.001). Only 21.8% (31/142) of SGA placentas were free of histological abnormalities, while it was 74.6% (106/142) in the AGA group (p < 0.001). In the abnormal SGA placentas (111/142) there were a total of 161 lesions, attributable to MUP in 64% (103/161), FUP in 15.5% (25/161), and inflammation in 20.5% (33/161). DISCUSSION: In most placentas of term SGA neonates with normal UA Doppler histological abnormalities secondary to maternal underperfusion prevail, reflecting latent insufficiency in uteroplacental blood supply. This is consistent with the higher risk of adverse perinatal outcome reported in this population and underscores a need for new markers of placental disease. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of late-onset SGA births with normal umbilical artery Doppler may still be explained by placental insufficiency.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico Tardio , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/patologia , Placenta/patologia , Circulação Placentária , Insuficiência Placentária/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Fetais/imunologia , Doenças Fetais/fisiopatologia , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/etiologia , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/imunologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Masculino , Análise por Pareamento , Placenta/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Placentárias/imunologia , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Doenças Placentárias/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Placentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Placentária/imunologia , Insuficiência Placentária/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro , Estudos Prospectivos , Nascimento a Termo , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Artérias Umbilicais/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
To investigate the role of jasmonates (JAs) in the ripening of Fragaria chiloensis fruit, two concentrations of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 10 and 100 µM) were evaluated at 2, 5 and 9 d using an in vitro ripening system. Fruit quality parameters; the contents of anthocyanin, lignin and cell wall polymers; and the transcriptional profiles of several ripening-related genes were analyzed. MeJA accelerated fruit ripening by means of a transitory increase in the soluble solid content/titratable acidity ratio, anthocyanin accumulation and an increase in softening at day 5. The expression of several phenylpropanoid-related genes, primarily those associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, was increased under MeJA treatment, which correlated with an increased accumulation of anthocyanin. MeJA also altered the expression profiles of some cell wall-modifying genes, namely, EG1 and XTH1, and these changes correlated with a transient reduction in the firmness of MeJA-treated fruits. MeJA-responsive elements were observed in the promoter region of the EG1 gene. MeJA also increased the expression of LOX, AOS and OPR3, genes involved in the biosynthesis of JAs, and these changes correlated with the transient activation of fruit ripening observed. Conversely, the expression of ethylene and lignin biosynthesis genes (ACS, ACO, CAD and POD27) increased in MeJA-treated fruits at day 9. The present findings suggest that JAs promote the ripening of non-climacteric fruits through their involvement in anthocyanin accumulation, cell wall modification and the biosynthesis of ethylene and JAs.
Assuntos
Acetatos/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Fragaria/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Expressão Gênica , Genes de Plantas , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Vegetal/genética , Acetatos/farmacologia , Antocianinas/genética , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Etilenos/biossíntese , Fragaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fragaria/metabolismo , Frutas/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lignina/biossíntese , Lignina/genética , Oxilipinas/farmacologia , Desenvolvimento Vegetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
Streptococcus mutans, principal microrganismo da cavidade oral, desempenha papel preponderante na formação de placas dentárias, sendo considerado o agente etiológico primário da cárie. Rheedia gardneriana, conhecida popularmente como bacupari, é uma planta utilizada com fins medicinais para o tratamento de diversas patologias, e por apresentar atividade antimicrobiana de compostos das folhas contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extrato de semente de R. gardneriana sobre a cepa S. mutans UA159. Os testes foram conduzidos com o extrato etanólico bruto e as frações obtidas com os solventes diclorometano, etanol-água, metanol e hexano, em ensaios de inibição in vitro. O extrato bruto (100 por cento) apresentou halos de inibição com diâmetro similar ao obtido com solução de digluconato de clorexidina 0,12 por cento, usada como controle. Os ensaios com a fração diclorometano exibiram atividade inibitória 35 por cento menor comparado com o controle, enquanto nenhum efeito antimicrobiano foi observado com a fração etanol-água. Contrariamente, os resultados obtidos com as frações hexânica e metanólica demonstraram claramente a atividade antimicrobiana por inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Na fração metanólica a formação de halos de inibição foi similar ao do controle. Estes dados apresentam atividade antimicrobiana de R. gardneriana contra S. mutans.
Streptococcus mutans, which is the main microorganism of the oral cavity, plays a preponderant role in dental plaque formation and is considered the primary etiologic agent regarding caries. Commonly known as "bacupari", Rheedia gardneriana is a plant used for medicinal purposes in the treatment of several pathologies; besides, its leaves have compounds that present antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of R. gardneriana seed extract on S. mutans strain UA159. The tests were carried out with crude ethanol extract and the fractions obtained with the solvents dichloromethane, ethanol-water, methanol, and hexane in in vitro inhibition assays. The crude extract (100 percent) presented inhibition halos with diameter similar to that obtained by using 0.12 percent chlorhexidine digluconate solution as control. Assays with the fraction dichloromethane showed an inhibitory activity 35 percent lower than that of the control, whereas no antimicrobial effect was observed with the ethanol-water fraction. Conversely, the results obtained with the fractions hexane and methanol clearly demonstrated antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the bacterial growth. In the methanol fraction, the formation of inhibition halos was similar to that in the control. These data present antimicrobial activity of R. gardneriana against S. mutans.
Assuntos
Clusiaceae/efeitos adversos , Clusiaceae/imunologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Estruturas Vegetais , Streptococcus mutans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Depósitos Dentários , Produtos com Ação AntimicrobianaRESUMO
Thermal variations of water at four depths (0.10; 0.30; 0.60 and 1.20 m) in a small lake of the Piracicaba county, São Paulo State, Brazil, were measured during the period of August 1978 to August 1988, as a subsidy to the aquaculture and the husbandry of amphibia in captivity. During a day, the thermal fluctuations of water were small, independently of the air temperature amplitude; in the daytime fluctuations were greater at the depths of 0.10 and 0.30 m, mainly in the period August-January. In clear days the temperature of water was greater than that of the air in most of the day, while in cast or rainny days this fact occurred all day. Consequently, daily mean temperatures of water at the four depths of measurement were greater than the daily mean air temperatures, except for a few days. Thermal stratification was more pronounced in the period August-January. The relationships between thermal fluctuations of water and meteorological elements are discussed, and the daily and annual absolute minimum and maximum temperatures of water are presented.
Foram estudadas as variações térmicas da água em quatro profundidades (0,10; 0,30; 0,60 e 1,20 m) em um pequeno lago artificial situado no munícipio de Piracicaba-SP, entre agosto de 1987 e agosto de 1988, como subsídio à aquacultura e manejo de anfíbios em cativeiro. Independente das amplitudes térmicas do ar serem ou não elevadas, ao longo de um dia as flutuações térmicas na água foram pequenas, sendo que no período diurno foram maiores nas duas menores profundidades, principalmente entre agosto e janeiro. Em dias de alta irradiância solar a temperatura da água mostrou-se superior à do ar na maior parte do dia e em dias chuvosos ou muito nublados isso ocorreu no dia inteiro. Em conseqüência, as temperaturas médias diárias da água em todas as profundidades mostraram-se sistematicamente, com poucas exceções, superiores à do ar em todos os meses. Houve maior estratificação térmica do lago no período entre agosto e janeiro. São discutidas as relações do regime térmico do lago com dementes meteorológicos e apresentados valores extremos diários e anuais de temperatura da água.
RESUMO
Thermal variations of water at four depths (0.10; 0.30; 0.60 and 1.20 m) in a small lake of the Piracicaba county, São Paulo State, Brazil, were measured during the period of August 1978 to August 1988, as a subsidy to the aquaculture and the husbandry of amphibia in captivity. During a day, the thermal fluctuations of water were small, independently of the air temperature amplitude; in the daytime fluctuations were greater at the depths of 0.10 and 0.30 m, mainly in the period August-January. In clear days the temperature of water was greater than that of the air in most of the day, while in cast or rainny days this fact occurred all day. Consequently, daily mean temperatures of water at the four depths of measurement were greater than the daily mean air temperatures, except for a few days. Thermal stratification was more pronounced in the period August-January. The relationships between thermal fluctuations of water and meteorological elements are discussed, and the daily and annual absolute minimum and maximum temperatures of water are presented.
Foram estudadas as variações térmicas da água em quatro profundidades (0,10; 0,30; 0,60 e 1,20 m) em um pequeno lago artificial situado no munícipio de Piracicaba-SP, entre agosto de 1987 e agosto de 1988, como subsídio à aquacultura e manejo de anfíbios em cativeiro. Independente das amplitudes térmicas do ar serem ou não elevadas, ao longo de um dia as flutuações térmicas na água foram pequenas, sendo que no período diurno foram maiores nas duas menores profundidades, principalmente entre agosto e janeiro. Em dias de alta irradiância solar a temperatura da água mostrou-se superior à do ar na maior parte do dia e em dias chuvosos ou muito nublados isso ocorreu no dia inteiro. Em conseqüência, as temperaturas médias diárias da água em todas as profundidades mostraram-se sistematicamente, com poucas exceções, superiores à do ar em todos os meses. Houve maior estratificação térmica do lago no período entre agosto e janeiro. São discutidas as relações do regime térmico do lago com dementes meteorológicos e apresentados valores extremos diários e anuais de temperatura da água.