RESUMO

As disfunções hormonais podem interagir com eixo hipotalamo-hipófise-gônadas (H/H/G) resultando em alteração da espermatogênese e impactando negativamente a fertilidade dos machos. As endocrinopatias na espécie canina são mais frequentes nas fêmeas e muitas vezes os sinais clínicos iniciais envolvem alopecias e alterações de peso, comportamento e de metabolismo. As disfunções hormonais comuns em cães machos incluem o hipotireoidismo, hiperplasia prostática benigna e os tumores testiculares. Cães idosos geralmente apresentam alterações hormonais dependentes da idade, mas a literatura é escassa e conflitante em relação a esta condição, assim o objetivo dessa revisão é informar e atualizar conceitos relacionados às disfunções hormonais que podem causar infertilidade em cães machos com vistas a ferramentas mais modernas de diagnósticos e avaliação seminal.(AU)

Hormonal dysfunctions may interact with hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads (H/H/G) axis resulting in altered spermatogenesis and negatively impacting male fertility. Endocrinopathies in the canine species are more frequent in females and often the initial clinical signs involve alopecia and changes in weight, behavior, and metabolism. Common hormonal dysfunctions in male dogs include hypothyroidism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and testicular tumors. Older dogs usually present age- dependent hormonal changes, but the literature is scarce and conflicting regarding this condition, thus the aim of this review is to inform and update concepts related to hormonal dysfunctions that can cause infertility in male dogs with a view to more modern diagnostic tools and seminal evaluation.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and clinical, macroscopic and histopathological aspects of dogs affected by testicular tumors based on biopsy specimens from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) over 19 years. Parameters regarding the age, size, and breed of the affected dogs were also established. Of all dogs with some type of neoplasm submitted to histopathological analysis at the LPV over these 19 years (n=1,900), 213 (11.2%) had at least one testicular neoplasm. The tissues of 190 dogs (with 220 neoplasms) were available for histological reassessment. The dogs in this study had different types of testicular tumors with relatively similar frequencies. In descending order, the most frequent testicular neoplasms were seminomas (88/220), Leydig (interstitial) cell tumor (LCT; 64/220), Sertoli cell tumor (SCT; 61/220), and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor (MGSCT) (07/220). Among the dogs of defined breed (119 cases), large breeds had the largest number of cases (50/119), followed by small (47/119) and medium-sized (22/119) breeds. The ages of dogs affected by testicular tumors ranged from 10 months to 18 years. Increased testicular volume was the most common clinical manifestation. Eleven dogs presented information about clinical signs suggestive of hyperestrogenism syndrome (feminization). In seminomas, the diffuse pattern predominated over the intratubular pattern. Two sites (luminal and basal compartments) suggestive of the onset of neoplastic transformations in germ cells were observed in intratubular seminomas. They corroborate the hypothesis that canine seminomas possibly have pathogenesis similar to that observed in human spermatocytic seminomas. The SCTs and LCTs presented high cell morphology variation. SCTs had neoplastic cells organized in five different histological arrangements. As for LCT, solid-diffuse and cystic-vascular histological patterns were the most commonly observed. Through this study, it was possible to establish some of the leading clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects of testicular neoplasms diagnosed over 19 years in the area covered by the LPV-UFSM.(AU)

Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a prevalência, aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos cães acometidos por neoplasmas testiculares, a partir dos espécimes de biópsias do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) em 19 anos. Parâmetros quanto à idade, porte, raça dos cães acometidos também foram estabelecidos. De todos os cães com algum tipo de neoplasma submetido à análise histopatológica no LPV nesses 19 anos (n=1.900), 213 (11,2%) tinham ao menos um neoplasma testicular. Os tecidos de 190 cães (com 220 neoplasmas) estavam disponíveis para reavaliação histológica. Os cães deste estudo apresentaram diferentes tipos de neoplasmas testiculares com frequências relativamente semelhantes. Em ordem decrescente, os neoplasmas testiculares mais frequentes foram: seminomas (88/220), leydigomas (64/220), sertoliomas (61/220) e o tumor misto de células germinativas e do estroma do cordão sexual (MGSCT; 07/220). Dentre os cães com raça definida (119 casos), as raças de grande porte tiveram o maior número de casos (50/119), seguido das raças de pequeno (47/119) e médio porte (22/119). As idades dos cães acometidos por neoplasmas testiculares variaram de 10 meses a 18 anos. Aumento de volume testicular foi a manifestação clínica mais comum. Onze cães tinham informações sobre sinais clínicos sugestivos da síndrome da feminilização. Nos seminomas, houve o predomínio do padrão difuso sobre o intratubular. Dois locais (compartimentos luminal e basal) sugestivos de início das transformações neoplásicas nas células germinativas foram observados nos seminomas intratubulares, corroborando com a hipótese de que os seminomas caninos possivelmente tem patogênese semelhante à observada nos seminomas espermatocíticos humanos. Sertoliomas e leydigomas foram neoplasmas com alta variação na morfologia celular. Os sertoliomas tinham células neoplásicas dispostas em cinco arranjos histológicos distintos. Quanto aos leydigomas, os padrões histológicos sólido-difuso e cístico-vascular foram os mais comumente observados. Através deste estudo foi possível estabelecer alguns dos principais aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos neoplasmas testiculares diagnosticados em 19 anos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM.(AU)

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RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and clinical, macroscopic and histopathological aspects of dogs affected by testicular tumors based on biopsy specimens from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) over 19 years. Parameters regarding the age, size, and breed of the affected dogs were also established. Of all dogs with some type of neoplasm submitted to histopathological analysis at the LPV over these 19 years (n=1,900), 213 (11.2%) had at least one testicular neoplasm. The tissues of 190 dogs (with 220 neoplasms) were available for histological reassessment. The dogs in this study had different types of testicular tumors with relatively similar frequencies. In descending order, the most frequent testicular neoplasms were seminomas (88/220), Leydig (interstitial) cell tumor (LCT; 64/220), Sertoli cell tumor (SCT; 61/220), and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor (MGSCT) (07/220). Among the dogs of defined breed (119 cases), large breeds had the largest number of cases (50/119), followed by small (47/119) and medium-sized (22/119) breeds. The ages of dogs affected by testicular tumors ranged from 10 months to 18 years. Increased testicular volume was the most common clinical manifestation. Eleven dogs presented information about clinical signs suggestive of hyperestrogenism syndrome (feminization). In seminomas, the diffuse pattern predominated over the intratubular pattern. Two sites (luminal and basal compartments) suggestive of the onset of neoplastic transformations in germ cells were observed in intratubular seminomas. They corroborate the hypothesis that canine seminomas possibly have pathogenesis similar to that observed in human spermatocytic seminomas. The SCTs and LCTs presented high cell morphology variation. SCTs had neoplastic cells organized in five different histological arrangements. As for LCT, solid-diffuse and cystic-vascular histological patterns were the most commonly observed. Through this study, it was possible to establish some of the leading clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects of testicular neoplasms diagnosed over 19 years in the area covered by the LPV-UFSM.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a prevalência, aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos cães acometidos por neoplasmas testiculares, a partir dos espécimes de biópsias do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) em 19 anos. Parâmetros quanto à idade, porte, raça dos cães acometidos também foram estabelecidos. De todos os cães com algum tipo de neoplasma submetido à análise histopatológica no LPV nesses 19 anos (n=1.900), 213 (11,2%) tinham ao menos um neoplasma testicular. Os tecidos de 190 cães (com 220 neoplasmas) estavam disponíveis para reavaliação histológica. Os cães deste estudo apresentaram diferentes tipos de neoplasmas testiculares com frequências relativamente semelhantes. Em ordem decrescente, os neoplasmas testiculares mais frequentes foram: seminomas (88/220), leydigomas (64/220), sertoliomas (61/220) e o tumor misto de células germinativas e do estroma do cordão sexual (MGSCT; 07/220). Dentre os cães com raça definida (119 casos), as raças de grande porte tiveram o maior número de casos (50/119), seguido das raças de pequeno (47/119) e médio porte (22/119). As idades dos cães acometidos por neoplasmas testiculares variaram de 10 meses a 18 anos. Aumento de volume testicular foi a manifestação clínica mais comum. Onze cães tinham informações sobre sinais clínicos sugestivos da síndrome da feminilização. Nos seminomas, houve o predomínio do padrão difuso sobre o intratubular. Dois locais (compartimentos luminal e basal) sugestivos de início das transformações neoplásicas nas células germinativas foram observados nos seminomas intratubulares, corroborando com a hipótese de que os seminomas caninos possivelmente tem patogênese semelhante à observada nos seminomas espermatocíticos humanos. Sertoliomas e leydigomas foram neoplasmas com alta variação na morfologia celular. Os sertoliomas tinham células neoplásicas dispostas em cinco arranjos histológicos distintos. Quanto aos leydigomas, os padrões histológicos sólido-difuso e cístico-vascular foram os mais comumente observados. Através deste estudo foi possível estabelecer alguns dos principais aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos neoplasmas testiculares diagnosticados em 19 anos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM.

RESUMO

The pathologies of the reproductive system of cats are common in veterinary medicine and are alwayscomplex and multifactorial, where the primary objective is to determine the cause of the problem, both infemales as in males, with varying degrees of morbidity, mortality and suffering influences reproductive historyfrom previous pharmacological treatments and environmental conditions and can therefore be regionalvariations in the incidence of certain reproductive abnormalities. Cryptorchidism is incomplete testiculardescent, may be retained in any follow this path. The survey was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital (HOVET /UFRA), Belém / Pará, with animals attended by residents of Animal Reproduction Section, feline fromBethlehem. The information on the animals were obtained by consulting the records contained in the files theSISVET (veterinary System) program being evaluated only attended by veterinary medical residents of the Sectorof Small Animal Reproduction Clinic of this hospital.

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RESUMO

The pathologies of the reproductive system of cats are common in veterinary medicine and are alwayscomplex and multifactorial, where the primary objective is to determine the cause of the problem, both infemales as in males, with varying degrees of morbidity, mortality and suffering influences reproductive historyfrom previous pharmacological treatments and environmental conditions and can therefore be regionalvariations in the incidence of certain reproductive abnormalities. Cryptorchidism is incomplete testiculardescent, may be retained in any follow this path. The survey was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital (HOVET /UFRA), Belém / Pará, with animals attended by residents of Animal Reproduction Section, feline fromBethlehem. The information on the animals were obtained by consulting the records contained in the files theSISVET (veterinary System) program being evaluated only attended by veterinary medical residents of the Sectorof Small Animal Reproduction Clinic of this hospital.(AU)

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Introducción: El cáncer testicular representa entre el 1,5 por ciento de los cánceres en varones y el 5 por ciento de los tumores urológicos en general. Los tumores paratesticulares representan el 4 por ciento de los tumores testiculares. Material y Método: Se revisaron informes de anatomía patológica y las fichas clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de patología testicular durante el período entre enero de 2004 a marzo de 2009. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, testículo involucrado, tipo histológico y tratamiento. Objetivo: Es describir los tumores paratesticulares diagnosticados en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán. Resultado: Se revisaron 149 casos, de los cuales 110 casos se confirmaron como tumores testiculares. Los tumores germinales representan el 90 por ciento. Los demás tipos histológicos, tres corresponden a metástasis testiculares, dos linfomas y una leucemia. Sólo cuatro casos correspondían a tumores paratesticulares representando el 3,6 por ciento de los tumores tratados. La descripción histológica de los tumores encontrados fue de dos Sarcomas (Rabdomiosarcoma y fibrosarcoma), Hemangiopericitoma y un Linfoma. La mediana de edad es de 62 años. El promedio de evolución de las lesiones fue de 5 meses. Discusión: Las neoplasias paratesticulares del cordón espermático son raras y representan sólo el 4 por ciento de los tumores testiculares. Los más frecuentes son tumores benignos en 2/3 de los casos, siendo el lipoma el tipo histológico más común. Conclusión: Los tumores paratesticulares son neoplasias infrecuentes. La presentación clínica no varía respecto a los demás tumores testiculares excepto en los pacientes inmunodeprimidos.

Introduction: Testicular cancer accounts for 1.5 per cent of cancers in men and 5 per cent of general urologic tumors. Paratesticular tumors represent 4 per cent of testicular tumors. Materials and Methods: We reviewed pathology reports and clinical records of patients diagnosed with testicular pathology during the period January 2004 to March 2009. We analyzed the following variables: age, testicular involvement, histological type and treatment. Aim: You describe paratesticular tumors diagnosed in the urology department of Hospital San BorjaArriarán. Results: We reviewed 149 cases, of which 110 cases were confirmed as malignancy. Germ cell tumors account for 90 percent. Other histologic types, three correspond to metastatic testicular, two lymphomas and leukemia. Only four cases were paratesticular tumors accounting for 3.6 per cent of treated tumors. The histological description of the tumors found were two sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma), hemangiopericytoma and a lymphoma. The median age was 62 years. The average evolution of lesions was 5 months. Discussion: Paratesticular neoplasms of the spermatic cord are rare and represent only 4 per cent of testicular tumors. The most common are benign tumors in 2/3 of cases, the lipoma being the most common histologic type. Conclusion: Paratesticular tumors are rare neoplasms. The clinical presentation varies in relation to other testicular tumors except in immunosuppressed patients.

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