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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to define a methodological strategy for the minimally invasive tubular retractor (MITR) parafascicular transulcal approach (PTA) for the management of brain tumors sited in eloquent areas. METHODS: An observational prospective study was designed to evaluate the benefits of PTA associated with MITRs, tractography and intraoperative cortical stimulation. They study was conducted from June 2018 to June 2021. Information regarding white matter tracts was processed, preventing a potential damage during the approach and/or resection. All patients older than 18 years who had a single brain tumor lesion were included in the study. Patients with a preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score greater than 70% and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score > 14 points were included. RESULTS: 72 patients were included in the study, the mean age was 49.6, the most affected gender was male, 12.5% presented aphasia, 11.1% presented paraphasia, 41.6% had motor deficit, 9.7% had an affection in the optic pathway, the most frequently affected region was the frontal lobe (26.3%), the most frequent lesions were high-grade gliomas (34.7%) and the measurement of the incisions was on average 5.58 cm. Of the patients, 94.4% underwent a total macroscopic resection and 90.2% did not present new postoperative neurological deficits. In all cases, a PTA was used. CONCLUSION: Tubular minimally invasive approaches (MIAs) allow one to perform maximal safe resection of brain tumors in eloquent areas, through small surgical corridors. Future comparative studies between traditional and minimally invasive techniques are required to further investigate the potential of these surgical nuances.
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BACKGROUND: Surgical resection remains the standard treatment for most giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs). The selected surgical approach for these complex lesions depends mainly on their extension. Single approaches may be limited in some cases presenting with invasion into multiple compartments, thereby limiting extent of resection. METHODS: We report a series of patients with GPA operated on through a combined approach involving an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach and a tubular retractor-assisted transventricular approach, describing the technique, its indications, limitations, and outcomes. Baseline and postoperative clinical, functional, and morphologic variables were documented up until each patient's last follow-up visit. RESULTS: Five patients harboring tumors extending into the third and lateral ventricles were included. Mean extent of resection was 94.6%. Mean follow-up was 39.4 months. One patient presented with a growth hormone-secreting GPA, who achieved remission after repeat resection during follow-up. There were no intraoperative complications, and 1 patient required reoperation for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair. One patient received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 3 patients remained stable requiring no additional treatment. All patients maintained an adequate postoperative functional status. CONCLUSIONS: The combined approach herein described may be a safe and effective option for some patients with GPAs extending into the third and lateral ventricles. An adequate patient selection is mandatory to exploit the benefits of each individual approach.
Assuntos
Adenoma/cirurgia , Ventrículos Cerebrais/cirurgia , Endoscopia/métodos , Microcirurgia/métodos , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Osso Esfenoide/cirurgia , Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Ventrículos Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cavidade Nasal/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavidade Nasal/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso Esfenoide/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Introducción: Los subependimomas intracraneales son raros, representan el 0.2-0.7% de todos los tumores del sistema nervioso central1,2 y se originan en los ventrículos laterales en el 30-40% de los casos.3 Los síntomas usualmente se asocian a hipertensión endocraneana secundaria a hidrocefalia obstructiva.4 La resección completa del tumor es curativa en esta patología.5 El abordaje trans-surcal es seguro para lesiones ventriculares profundas y el uso de los retractores tubulares minimizan la retracción del parénquima cerebral evitando la compresión directa con valvas. Esto permite disminuir la presión del tejido cerebral que puede ocluir los vasos y producir isquemia local generando una lesión neurológica permanente. Descripción del caso: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 66 años, diestra, con cefalea crónica que aumenta en frecuencia en el último mes. La resonancia cerebral contrastada muestra un tumor extenso en el ventrículo lateral izquierdo con signos de hidrocefalia obstructiva. Intervención: Se coloca la paciente en posición supina. Se hace una incisión bicoronal y se hace un abordaje trans-surcal F1/F2 izquierdo. Se coloca un retractor tubular guiado con el puntero de neuronavegación, introduciéndolo directamente en el parénquima cerebral y fijándolo al soporte de Leyla. Se colocó un catéter de ventriculostomía contralateral y se retira a las 48 horas sin complicaciones asociadas. La resonancia contrastada postoperatoria demuestra una resección completa del tumor. El análisis de patología reveló un subependimoma grado I de la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La paciente presentó transitoriamente apatía y pérdida del control del esfínter urinario que resolvieron completamente a las 3 semanas después de la cirugía. Se firmó un consentimiento firmado para la publicación de la información utilizada en este trabajo. Conclusión: La resección completa microscópica de un subependimoma extenso del ventrículo lateral izquierdo es factible a través de un abordaje tubular transulcal.
Introduction: Intracranial subependymomas are rare, representing only 0.2-0.7% of all central nervous system tumors1,2 and arise in the lateral ventricles in 30-40% of the cases.3 Symptoms depend on tumor location and usually arise when the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is blocked, generating a consequent intracranial hypertension.4 Microsurgical gross-total resection is possible and curative for these tumors.5 The transcortical/trans-sulcal approach is a safe approach for the access of deep-seated intraventricular lesions. The use of tubular retractor systems minimizes retraction injury when passing through the cortex and deep white matter tracts. This allows a decrease in the pressure on brain tissue that can occlude the brain vessels and produce local ischemia and a consequent permanent neurological injury. Case description: This is a case of a 66-year-old woman who presented chronic headaches that increased in frequency in the last month. Enhanced-brain MRI demonstrated a large left ventricular lesion with signs of obstructive hydrocephalus. Procedure: Patient was positioned supine. A bicoronal incision was used to perform a left frontal craniotomy. An F1/F2 transcortical/trans-sulcal approach was used. A guided tubular retractor is placed with the neuronavigation pointer, inserting it directly into the brain parenchyma and fixing it to the Leyla support. Postoperative postcontrast MRI demonstrated a complete resection of the tumor. Histopathological analysis revealed a subependymoma (World Health Organization Grade I). The patient presented transient apathy and loss of urinary sphincter control that completely resolved 3 weeks after surgery. Written informed consent was obtained for publication of information used for this work. Conclusions: A complete microsurgical resection of a large left ventricular subependymoma is feasible through a trans-sulcal tubular approach.
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Ventriculostomia , Encéfalo , Hipertensão Intracraniana , Ventrículos Laterais , Craniotomia , Neuronavegação , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Introducción: Los quistes artrosinoviales espinales son lesiones infrecuentes que se originan principalmente en la región lumbar. Aunque el tratamiento conservador es posible, la resección quirúrgica es considerada el tratamiento de elección en pacientes sintomáticos. La inestabilidad postoperatoria es una preocupación. Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas (MISS) demostraron ser una alternativa válida que podría disminuir el riesgo de inestabilidad postoperatoria. Objetivo: Describir la importancia de la orientación facetaria en la elección del lado del abordaje (ipsilateral o contralateral) y la conservación de la unión articular en una serie de pacientes operados de quistes sinoviales lumbares por técnica tubular mínimamente invasiva. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 8 pacientes con quistes sinoviales lumbares operados con técnica tubular mínimamente invasiva. Se analizó en RMN la relación entre la orientación de las facetas articulares y la vía de abordaje seleccionada, se evaluó además la resección de los quistes sinoviales y el grado de preservación facetaria postoperatoria. Información demográfica e intraoperatoria fue detallada. El resultado clínico fue valorado usando la Escala Visual Analógica (VAS) y los criterios de Macnab modificados para medir la satisfacción postoperatoria de los pacientes. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 6 meses. Resultados: Ocho quistes sinoviales fueron operados y resecados completamente. Cinco pacientes presentaron orientación facetaria coronal y 3 sagital los cuales fueron abordados del lado ipsilateral y contralateral respectivamente. En todos los casos se logró preservar al menos 2/3 de la unión facetaria del nivel comprometido. El tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 110 minutos. Todos los pacientes fueron dados de alta dentro de las 24 hs. Se observó una mejoría de 6 puntos en el VAS. Según la escala de Macnab; 6 pacientes refirieron resultados excelentes, 1 bueno y 1 regular. No se registraron fístulas ni infecciones. Conclusión: La orientación de las facetas articulares definió el lado del abordaje. En facetas articulares con orientación coronal recomendamos el abordaje tubular ipsilateral y en facetas articulares con orientación sagital el abordaje contralateral. Esto permite una excelente exposición del quiste sinovial y la preservación de la articulación facetaria. Ensayos prospectivos con mayor tiempo de seguimiento y cohortes más grandes serían de utilidad para avalar nuestras recomendaciones.
Background: Spinal arthro-synovial cysts are uncommon lesions that largely originate in the lumbar area. Although conservative management is an option, surgical resection is considered the treatment of choice in symptomatic patients. Post-operative instability is of concern, however. Minimally-invasive surgery techniques have proven a valid option which might reduce post-surgical instability. The aim of this paper is to describe the importance of facet orientation in side selection for the surgical approach (ipsilateral or contralateral) and facet joint sparing in a series of patients undergoing minimally-invasive tubular surgery (MITS) for lumbar synovial cysts. Methods: Eight patients with lumbar synovial cysts undergoing MITS were assessed. Pre-operatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to identify facet joint orientation and aid in surgical approach selection. Post-operatively, MRI was repeated to confirm resection of the synovial cysts and the level of post-surgical facet sparing. Demographic and intraoperative data were recorded, with post- versus pre-operative pain compared using a visual analog scale (VAS), and the modified Macnab criteria used to measure patients' post-operative satisfaction. Minimum post-operative follow-up was six months. Results: Eight synovial cysts were resected completely. Five patients had a coronal and three a sagittal orientation of their facet and were managed with an ipsilateral versus contralateral approach, respectively. In all cases, at least 2/3 of the involved facet joint was spared. Average surgical time was 110 minutes, and all patients were discharged within 24 hours. A mean 6-point improvement was observed in VAS pain severity. Using the Macnab scale, six patients reported excellent results, one a good result and one a fair result. No spinal leaks or infections were reported. Conclusions: Facet-joint orientation determines which side is used for the surgical approach. For facet joints with a coronal orientation, we recommend the ipsilateral tubular approach; while for joint facets with a sagittal orientation, the contralateral approach. This enables both excellent exposure of the synovial cyst and facet-joint sparing. Prospective trials with longer follow-up and larger cohorts are needed to validate our recommendations.