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INTRODUCTION: Persistent episodes of postprandial hyperlipemia (PPL) and hyperglycemia (PPG) are considered risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and premature death; whereas physical exercise improves lipid profile and glucose tolerance thus decreasing cardiovascular risks. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-intensity fasted aerobic exercise on the magnitude of the PPL and PPG responses to meals with different energy content, in normal and obese subjects. METHODS: The study used a randomized crossover design. Twenty-one male (Lean: n = 9, BMI: 24.3 ± 2.2; and obese: n = 12, BMI 32.31 ± 2.1) volunteers aged 20-30 years, performed three interventions, separated by 7 days each: (i) 45 min at rest and isocaloric high-fat meal (60% lipids, 30% carbohydrates and 10% protein); (ii) fasted low-intensity aerobic exercise (50% VO2max) for 45 min followed by an isocaloric or (iii) calorie deficit high-fat meal. Subjects were serially assessed for blood triglycerides, and glucose levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity fasted aerobic exercise had no acute effect on PPL in lean and obese subjects. Glucose concentrations were reduced only in lean subjects. There is a significant difference in PPL values when comparing lean to obese subjects, implying that the nutritional status influences lipid and carbohydrate after fasted low-intensity aerobic exercise. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00929890.

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Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia y características de una población de pacientes obesos con y sin riesgo cardiometabólico (RCM) y revisar el concepto de obeso cardiometabólico normal (OCMN). Materiales y Métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal, de 105 pacientes obesos, de 30 a 75 años, de ambos géneros. Recolectados de un programa preventivo promocional de mayo de 2015 a abril del año 2016. Previo consentimiento informado, se registró la edad, género, medidas antropométricas, presión arterial (PA), antecedentes personales y familiares de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). En ayunas, se determinó en sangre glucosa (G), colesterol total (CT), colesterol HDL, triglicéridos (Tg), creatinina, proteínas plasmáticas, bilirrubinas, transaminasas (AST,ALT), fosfatasa alcalina (FA) y gamaglutamiltranspeptidasa (GGTP), por métodos convencionales; las fracciones VLDL, LDL y NoHDL fueron calculados. Se empleó el programa SPSS.23 para el análisis estadístico Resultados. El 77,4% fueron mujeres, edad promedio 51±0,86 años. El 45,7% tuvo obesidad grado I, 24,7% grado II y 29,5% grado III. Las mujeres tuvieron menor talla, peso y circunferencia abdominal (CA) y cifras más altas de HDL que los varones, no hubo diferencias en otros parámetros. El 89,2 % de mujeres y 87% de varones tuvieron dislipoproteinemia; hipertensión arterial (HTA): mujeres 20,7% y varones 21,4%; tabaquismo: mujeres 5,5% y varones 42,3%; hiperglicemia: mujeres 14,2% y varones 14,2%; macrosomía/bajo peso al nacer: mujeres 6,9%, varones 0; enzimas hepáticas elevadas: mujeres 29,8%, varones 32,1%. El 9,5% fueron OCMN por tener PA, G, cHDL, Tg, cLDL cNoHDL normales. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes obesos tuvieron RCM, solo 10 (9,5%) fueron OCMN.

Objetive. To study the frequency and characteristics of an obese population with and without cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and, to revise the concept of cardiometabolically healthy obese CMHO subjects. Material and methods. A total of 105 obese subjects, 30 to 75 years old, were recluted from a preventive-promotional program from may 2015 to april 2016. Previous informed consent, age, gender, anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), personal and family history of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) were registered. At fasting glucose (G), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (cHDL), triglycerides (Tg), creatinine, plasma proteins, bilirrubins, transaminases (AST,ALT), alkaline fosfatase (FA) and gamaglutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) were measured in blood by conventional methods. VLDL, LDL, Non-HDL fractions were calculated. Statistics were calculated with SPSS.23 program. Results. 77,4% were women, mean age 51±0,86 years. Women had lower height, weight and abdominal circumference than male but higher HDL concentration, other parameters were similar. Obesity grade I was found in 45,7%, grade II in 24,7% and grade III in 29,5%. Dislipoproteinemia had 89,2% of women and 87% of men; high blood pressure (HBP): women 20,7%, men 21,4%; tobaccoism women 5,5%, male 42,3%; hyperglycemia: women 14,2%, men 14,2%; macrosomia/low birthweight: women 6,94%, men 0%; elevated hepatic enzymes: women 29,8%, male 32,1%. 9,52% were CMHO since they had normal BP, G. HDLc, Tg, LDLc and Non-HDL . Conclusions. The majority of obese patients had CMR, only 10 (9,5%) were CMHO.

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The study of the nutritional value of whole and diluted buffalo milk in relation to whole and standardized cow milk was performed using rats as test animals. The following conclusions were obtained: no differences were observed between buffalo milk regarding in vitro digestibility; a higher calcium retention was exhibited by animals under diet of buffalo whole milk; trygliceride levels were higher in blood of rats under buffalo milk diet, although those values are considered to be normal for these test animals.

Foi estudado o valor nutricional do leite de búfala integral e diluído em comparação com o leite de vaca integral e tipo C, utilizando ratos como animais de teste, obtendo-se as seguintes conclusões: não houve diferença entre os leites estudados quanto à digestibilidade in vitro; a retenção de cálcio pelos animais, foi superior para a dieta com leite de búfala integral; não houve diferenças significativas para os níveis de triglicerídeos no sangue dos animais; os níveis de colesterol no sangue dos animais foram maiores para as dietas contendo leite de búfala, embora esses níveis sejam considerados dentro da faixa normal para os animais em estudo.

RESUMO

The study of the nutritional value of whole and diluted buffalo milk in relation to whole and standardized cow milk was performed using rats as test animals. The following conclusions were obtained: no differences were observed between buffalo milk regarding in vitro digestibility; a higher calcium retention was exhibited by animals under diet of buffalo whole milk; trygliceride levels were higher in blood of rats under buffalo milk diet, although those values are considered to be normal for these test animals.

Foi estudado o valor nutricional do leite de búfala integral e diluído em comparação com o leite de vaca integral e tipo C, utilizando ratos como animais de teste, obtendo-se as seguintes conclusões: não houve diferença entre os leites estudados quanto à digestibilidade in vitro; a retenção de cálcio pelos animais, foi superior para a dieta com leite de búfala integral; não houve diferenças significativas para os níveis de triglicerídeos no sangue dos animais; os níveis de colesterol no sangue dos animais foram maiores para as dietas contendo leite de búfala, embora esses níveis sejam considerados dentro da faixa normal para os animais em estudo.