Assuntos

RESUMO

The study was conducted at the Amazon Research Center CIMAZ -MACAGUAL of the University of Amazonia, Colombia, with a tropical rain forest climate (Af). The behavior of Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and Caqueteño Creole cattle, the animals were observed in paddocks with three levels of scattered tree cover density. The pasture was composed of Braquiaria decumbenswith 35 days of regrowth. Direct observations were made from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with 10-minute intervals between the recording of the activities. The activity performed most often during the day by all of the animals was grazing under the sun, and those who pasture the most arethe Caqueteño Creole, followed by the Bos indicusand, finally, the Bos taurus. Ruminating was the second most important activity performed by the cattle, having presented the same tendency. In the paddocks with a low level of tree cover, the animals pasture more in the shade; this trend is more relevant among B. taurus cattle.Caqueteño Creole cattle dedicate less time to water consumption and rest, spending more time grazing, in the high and medium cover levels, they interrupt the grazing at noon for a shorter time compared to B. indicusand B. taurus; after 2 p.m., the creoles vertiginously increase grazing. At the high cover level, the peak of grazing of the Caqueteño Creoles is at 9 a.m. and from 1-1:30 p.m., while at the medium tree cover level, the peak of pasturing was at noon, 1:30 p.m., and 4:30 p.m., at the high tree level of cover, the peak for the three breeds was at 11 a.m. Only at the average tree level of cover did the Caquetaño creoles and B. indicuspresent a similar peak. In 9-9:30 a.m. and 4-5 p.m., the breeds substantially reduce rumination.(AU)

O estudo foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa Amazônica CIMAZ -MACAGUAL da Universidade da Amazônia, Colômbia, com um clima de floresta tropical úmida (Af). O comportamento do gado Bos taurus, Bos indicuse Caqueteño crioulo, os animais foram observados em cercados com três níveis de densidade de cobertura arbórea dispersa. A pastagem era composta de Braquiaria decumbenscom 35 dias de recrescimento. Observações diretas foram feitas das 9h às 17h com intervalos de 10 minutos entre o registro das atividades.A atividade mais executada durante o dia por todos os animais era o pasto sob o sol, e aqueles que mais pastam são os Caqueteñocrioulo, seguido pelo Bos indicuse, finalmente, o Bos taurus. A ruminação foi a segunda atividade mais importante desempenhada pelo gado, tendo apresentado a mesma tendência. Nos cercados com um baixo nível de cobertura arbórea, os animais pastam mais à sombra; esta tendência é mais relevante entre o gado B. taurus.O gado crioulo Caqueteñodedica menos tempo ao consumo de água e descanso, passando mais tempo pastando, nos níveis de cobertura alta e média, interrompem o pastoreio ao meio-dia por um tempo mais curto em comparação com o B. indicuse B. taurus; depois das 14 horas, os crioulos aumentam vertiginosamente o pastoreio. No nível de cobertura alta, o pico de pastagem dos Caqueteñocrioulosé às 9h e das 13h30, enquanto no nível médio de cobertura de árvores, o pico de pastagem era ao meio-dia, 13h30 e 16h30, no nível alto de cobertura de árvores, o pico para as três raças era às 11h. Nas 9-9h30 e16-17h, as raças reduzem substancialmente a ruminação.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study was conducted at the Amazon Research Center CIMAZ - MACAGUAL of the University of Amazonia, Colombia, with a tropical rain forest climate (Af). The behavior of Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and Caqueteño Creole cattle, the animals were observed in paddocks with three levels of scattered tree cover density. The pasture was composed of Braquiaria decumbens with 35 days of regrowth. Direct observations were made from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with 10-minute intervals between the recording of the activities. The activity performed most often during the day by all of the animals was grazing under the sun, and those who pasture the most are the Caqueteño Creole, followed by the Bos indicus and, finally, the Bos taurus. Ruminating was the second most important activity performed by the cattle, having presented the same tendency. In the paddocks with a low level of tree cover, the animals pasture more in the shade; this trend is more relevant among B. taurus cattle. Caqueteño Creole cattle dedicate less time to water consumption and rest, spending more time grazing, in the high and medium cover levels, they interrupt the grazing at noon for a shorter time compared to B. indicus and B. taurus; after 2 p.m., the creoles vertiginously increase grazing. At the high cover level, the peak of grazing of the Caqueteño Creoles is at 9 a.m. and from 1-1:30 p.m., while at the medium tree cover

O estudo foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa Amazônica CIMAZ - MACAGUAL da Universidade da Amazônia, Colômbia, com um clima de floresta tropical úmida (Af). O comportamento do gado Bos taurus, Bos indicus e Caqueteño crioulo, os animais foram observados em cercados com três níveis de densidade de cobertura arbórea dispersa. A pastagem era composta de Braquiaria decumbens com 35 dias de recrescimento. Observações diretas foram feitas das 9h às 17h com intervalos de 10 minutos entre o registro das atividades. A atividade mais executada durante o dia por todos os animais era o pasto sob o sol, e aqueles que mais pastam são os Caqueteño crioulo, seguido pelo Bos indicus e, finalmente, o Bos taurus. A ruminação foi a segunda atividade mais importante desempenhada pelo gado, tendo apresentado a mesma tendência. Nos cercados com um baixo nível de cobertura arbórea, os animais pastam mais à sombra; esta tendência é mais relevante entre o gado B. taurus. O gado crioulo Caqueteño dedica menos tempo ao consumo de água e descanso, passando mais tempo pastando, nos níveis de cobertura alta e média, interrompem o pastoreio ao meio-dia por um tempo mais curto em comparação com o B. indicus e B. taurus; depois das 14 horas, os crioulos aumentam vertiginosamente o pastoreio. No nível de cobertura alta, o pico de pastagem dos Caqueteño crioulos é às 9h e das 13h30, enquanto no nível médio de cob

RESUMO

Greater neighborhood greenspace has been associated with better cardiometabolic risk factors, especially in high-income countries. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study assessed this association in approximately 2000 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) residing in Belo Horizonte, a large Brazilian capital city. Neighborhood greenspace was studied through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and two additional types, percentages of tree cover and herbaceous cover. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of neighborhood greenspace with three metabolic factors - (i) obesity, (ii) abdominal obesity, and (iii) low HDL-cholesterol - after adjustment for individual sociodemographic factors and neighborhood average household income per capita. Cross-sectional results showed that higher neighborhood greenspace was associated with lower odds of obesity, abdominal obesity and low HDL-c. However, neighborhood greenspace was not associated with the incidence of any of these risk factors. The percentage of tree cover seemed to contribute more to the associations found with NDVI than the percentage of herbaceous cover. The results support the evidence that increased neighborhood greenspace contributes to maintain a better cardiometabolic health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The agro-industrial production of genetically modified organisms uses great amounts of pesticides, close to cities, which generates growing concern due to the numerous evidence of their negative effects on health and the environment. In a context of the lack, or inaccessibility, of official data on crop dynamics and pesticide use, environmental indicators using satellite data are needed for the proper monitoring of peri-urban areas. The objective of this research is to make a crop proximity index using satellite information to assess and monitor peri-urban agro-industrial activity. Twenty cities in Argentina and ten in the United States were selected. The CPI index is designed to evaluate a city and its peri-urban areas as a whole by taking account of the land uses and factors that can potentially influence the proximity to agro-industrial activity to the population living in those cities. Agriculture factor was weighted by proximity or remoteness using perimeter rings from the urban edge. All the necessary data for the calculation of the CPI index were obtained through the classification and processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images with software and the Google Earth Engine platform. The results show a worrying situation, 90% of cities in Argentina and 80% in the United States have a negative CPI. Most of the cities examined are extremely close to extensive areas of crops, that use a high amount of pesticides and which do not have the protection of trees or buffer zones.

RESUMO

The fringed leaf frog, Cruziohyla craspedopus is rarely sampled in the Brazilian Amazon, probably due to low detection probability associated with its arboreal habit. The knowledge about the species' distribution stems from successive additions of occasional occurrence records, which indicate that the species is widely distributed throughout Amazonia. We present new occurrence records to update the geographic range of the species, which is hereby extended 224 km to the northeast. We also present morphological data from collected specimens and discuss the updated range from the geographic and ecological points of view. We show that the range of the leaf frog crosses several main tributaries along the southern bank of the Amazonas River, although the species occurrence is apparently limited by a minimum tree cover of 70%. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The fringed leaf frog, Cruziohyla craspedopus is rarely sampled in the Brazilian Amazon, probably due to low detection probability associated with its arboreal habit. The knowledge about the species distribution stems from successive additions of occasional occurrence records, which indicate that the species is widely distributed throughout Amazonia. We present new occurrence records to update the geographic range of the species, which is hereby extended 224 km to the northeast. We also present morphological data from collected specimens and discuss the updated range from the geographic and ecological points of view. We show that the range of the leaf frog crosses several main tributaries along the southern bank of the Amazonas River, although the species occurrence is apparently limited by a minimum tree cover of 70%.(AU)

A perereca franjada, Cruziohyla craspedopus é raramente amostrada na Amazônia brasileira, provavelmente devido à baixa probabilidade de detecção associada ao seu hábito arborícola. A distribuição geográfica conhecida da espécie é resultado da adição sucessiva de registros ocasionais de ocorrência, que indicam que ela é amplamente distribuída na Amazônia. Nós apresentamos novos pontos de ocorrência para atualizar a distribuição geográfica da espécie, estendendo-a em 224 km na direção nordeste. Nós também apresentamos dados morfológicos dos espécimes coletados e discutimos a distribuição atualizada sob pontos de vista geográfico e ecológico. Mostramos que a distribuição de pererecas franjadas cruza vários tributários da margem sul do Rio Amazonas, embora esteja aparentemente limitada por cobertura arbórea mínima de 70%.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

La evaluación de pasturas utilizando criterios múltiples constituye una herramienta de importancia para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de sistemas ganaderos sostenibles. El objetivo fue construir un índice de estado con base en indicadores productivos y biológicos de los componentes herbáceo y leñoso para tipificar 50 potreros de una explotación ganadera de la Hacienda García Abajo, departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Se levantó información de nueve variables que describen factores incidentes en la producción (área de potreros, edad de la pastura, topografía, árboles y cobertura de dosel), la composición botánica (leguminosas, arvenses, especies de gramíneas) e indicadores de cantidad y calidad de las pasturas (biomasa forrajera y color). Siete de estas variables fueron medidas y calificadas con los uso de una herramienta multicriterio. Mediante estadística multivariada se realizó una tipología de potreros. El conglomerado C1 agrupa los 17 potreros con mayor tiempo de establecimiento, mientras C2 corresponde al de menor cantidad de potreros, los cuales son pasturas jóvenes. C3 agrupa el mayor número de potreros (25), los que a su vez tienen la mayor extensión promedio. C2 fue el conglomerado con mayor producción de biomasa y el que presentó menor porcentaje de vegetación espontánea. En conclusión, el análisis multicriterio para evaluar pasturas permite tomar decisiones y realizar juicios fundamentados sobre diferentes valoraciones, lo cual hace que el diagnóstico sea más acertado y mejor la formulación de soluciones con base en referentes endógenos, a fin de ir mejorando progresivamente el manejo de la finca.

Evaluation of pasture, based on a multicriteria approach, is an important issue for decision making in the design of sustainable farming systems. The aim was to build a state index, based on production and biological indicators of pasture in 50 paddocks of a farm estate Garcia Abajo, located on department of Cauca, Colombia. Nine variables describing incidents factors in production factors (area of pasture, pasture age, topography, trees and canopy cover), the botanical composition (legumes, weeds, grass species) and indicators of quantity and quality of pastures (forage biomass and color) was measured and ranked with the use of a multi-criteria tool. Using multivariate statistics, a typology of pastures was performed. The C1 cluster groups the 17 paddocks longer listing, while C2 corresponds to fewer paddocks, which are young pastures. C3 contains the largest number of pastures (25), which in turn have the largest area averages. C2 fuel conglomerate highest biomass production, and has the lowest percentage of spontaneous vegetation. In conclusion, the multi-criteria analysis to evaluate pastures allows the decision maker to make judgments based on different ratings, which makes diagnosis and formulating solutions, based on endogenous concerning more successful.