RESUMO
The article discusses two cases of gender policy making during the Chilean transition to democracy, the policy on domestic violence and the divorce law. By comparing the official discourses on these two policy projects we show that authoritarian gender regimes can resist transition to democracy despite a vivid civil society. The case of Chile was selected, on one hand, because it exhibits particularly resistant authoritarian institutional enclaves. On the other hand, Chilean women's movements are often cited as a paragon of women's movements in transitions. Despite the central role of Chilean women's movements as a strong civil society force conservative gender roles and institutions inherited from the autocratic regime (e.g., conservative divorce and reproductive rights) have remained dominant. I argue that during the time of transition conservative political actors, but also parts of civil society, negotiated on these gender roles and institutions and thereby reached a status quo. Recent cases of sexual violence in response to student's uprisings show that this status quo is quite stable and prevents a real coming to terms with state violence.
RESUMO
Resumen En este artículo se estudian los vínculos entre psicoanálisis y transición democrática en España. Se abordan los fuertes cambios que caracterizaron la circulación del psicoanálisis durante los años que siguieron la muerte de Franco, en particular la aparición del movimiento lacaniano, su presencia en la esfera sociocultural y, en términos más amplios, el papel que desempeñó este fenómeno en la reemergencia del psicoanálisis como objeto cultural en el país. Asimismo, se analizan los factores vinculados con la historia del psicoanálisis durante la dictadura franquista que, junto con la llegada de Oscar Masotta y numerosos analistas argentinos a España, contribuyen a explicar el nuevo panorama psicoanalítico que se creó durante la transición.
Abstract This article studies the links between psychoanalysis and the transition to democracy in Spain. It examines the major changes that characterized the spread of psychoanalysis in the years after Franco's death, in particular the rise of the Lacanian movement, the impact of this phenomenon on the sociocultural sphere and, in broader terms, its role in the re-emergence of psychoanalysis as a cultural object in the country. The article also analyzes factors linked to the history of psychoanalysis during the Franco dictatorship; factors that, together with the arrival of Oscar Masotta and numerous Argentinian analysts in Spain, help explain the new vision of the field that emerged during the transition.