RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The clavicle is a long bone that forms the anterior border of the thoracic inlet. Anatomic abnormalities of the clavicle can lead to compression of the innominate artery and trachea due to mass effect. These anatomic abnormalities can be amenable to surgical resection, which can provide complete resolution of symptoms. METHODS: We present a case of tracheal compression by the innominate artery in an adult man, caused by a clavicular abnormality due to an underlying bone mineralization disorder, corrected by partial resection of the right clavicle. RESULTS: The patient underwent successful open surgical resection of his right clavicular head leading to resolution of his tracheal compression by the innominate artery. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this is the first description of tracheal compression due to osteomesopyknosis. This case demonstrates that compression of the innominate artery due to a clavicular abnormality can be safely corrected via open surgical resection.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mediastinal masses in pregnancy, although rare, can present with life threatening central airway obstruction if general anesthesia is required. In patients with central airway obstruction who are classified as being high risk for anesthesia, specific cardiothoracic interventions are usually required when there is no alternative to general anesthesia. We describe the case of a young female who presented in her second trimester with severe tracheal compression and worsening dyspnea secondary to a mediastinal mass. Intravenous dexamethasone was started, following which her symptoms improved and a drastic reduction in her tracheal compression was observed. The patient subsequently underwent successful vaginal delivery under epidural anesthesia. We discuss the complexities in perioperative decision making for this rare presentation and potential therapeutic options.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aorta is the main arterial trunk in the human body, however, its variation was extremely variable. During an educational dissection, aberrant branching pattern of aortic arch was found in a Korean cadaver. The brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery) originated from the aortic arch at the left side of the trachea. It crossed the trachea and divided into the right common carotid and subclavian arteries. The left vertebral artery originated from the aortic arch between the origins of the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery, then the left vertebral artery coursed upward to the transverse foramen of the C7. The author describes this previously novel case report with aberrant brachiocephalic trunk and left vertebral arteries and discusses the clinical implications of such a variant.

La aorta es el tronco arterial principal del cuerpo humano, sin embargo, su variación es extremadamente variable. Durante una disección de rutina de un cadáver coreano, se encontró un patrón de ramificación aberrante del arco aórtico. El tronco braquiocefálico se originaba del arco aórtico en el lado izquierdo de la tráquea. Cruzaba la tráquea y se dividía en las arterias carótida común y subclavia derecha. La arteria vertebral izquierda se originó a partir del arco aórtico entre los orígenes de la arteria carótida común izquierda y la arteria subclavia izquierda, luego la arteria vertebral izquierda ascendió hacia el foramen transversal de la séptima vértebra cervical. Se describe un caso de tronco braquiocefálico aberrante y la correspondiente arteria vertebral izquierda y se discuten las implicaciones clínicas de tal variante.

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RESUMO

Innominate artery compression of the trachea, which is included within the vascular rings, although rare can cause serious respiratory disorders in childhood even putting at risk the child’s life. Most cases are asymptomatic but can also occur with cough, stridor, cyanosis and/or apneas. Diagnostic images play a fundamental role, specially computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging that provide detailed anatomical information. Bronchoscopy allows confirmation of the diagnosis and assesses the severity of the disorder; moreover, this procedure is also used as support in surgery (aortopexy). Conservative treatment is indicated in less severe cases. Two cases of pediatric patients are presented, one a newborn with severe symptoms and an asymptomatic lactating infant.

La compresión traqueal por arteria innominada, que se incluye dentro de los anillos vasculares, aunque es poco frecuente puede provocar trastornos respiratorios graves en la infancia poniendo incluso en riesgo la vida del niño. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos aunque también pueden presentarse con tos, estridor, cianosis y/o apneas. Las imágenes diagnósticas cumplen un rol fundamental, destacando la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética que otorgan información anatómica detallada. La fibrobroncoscopía permite confirmar el diagnóstico y estimar la severidad de la alteración; por otra parte, este procedimiento también se utiliza como apoyo en la cirugía (aortopexia). El manejo conservador está indicado en los casos menos severos. Se presentan 2 casos de pacientes pediátricos, un recién nacido con síntomas severos y un lactante menor asintomático.

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Assuntos

RESUMO

En el niño, la compresión extrínseca de la tráquea es habitualmente de origen vascular, siendo menos frecuente la ocasionada por tumores, cardiopatías, quistes y abscesos. Los anillos vasculares son anomalías congénitas del arco aórtico y sus ramas que comprimen la tráquea o el esófago en grado variable. Son poco frecuentes, pero constituyen una causa importante de difcultad respiratoria en el niño, por lo que se deben incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior. Los síntomas de presentación son el estridor, la difcultad respiratoria y la disfagia de intensidad variable. El alto grado de sospecha clínica es el factor más importante para su diagnóstico, lo contrario, puede ocasionar un significativo retraso entre el inicio de los síntomas y el diagnóstico correcto. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con diferentes tipos de anillos vasculares con el objetivo de describir manifestaciones clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento.(AU)

In children, extrinsic compression of the trachea is usually due to vascular origin, and less frequently caused by tumors, heart diseases, cysts and abscesses. Vascular rings are congenital anomalies of the aortic arch and its branches that compress the trachea and/or esophagus to varying degrees. Although these congenital anomalies are not frequent, they constitute a major cause of respiratory distress in children. Thus, these anomalies should be included in the differential diagnosis of obstruction of the upper airway. Symptoms include stridor, respiratory distress and dysphagia of different intensity. The high degree of clinical suspicion is the most important factor for diagnosis, fail to do so can cause a signifcant delay between symptom onset and correct diagnosis. We present four patients with different types of vascular rings in order to describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

En el niño, la compresión extrínseca de la tráquea es habitualmente de origen vascular, siendo menos frecuente la ocasionada por tumores, cardiopatías, quistes y abscesos. Los anillos vasculares son anomalías congénitas del arco aórtico y sus ramas que comprimen la tráquea o el esófago en grado variable. Son poco frecuentes, pero constituyen una causa importante de difcultad respiratoria en el niño, por lo que se deben incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior. Los síntomas de presentación son el estridor, la difcultad respiratoria y la disfagia de intensidad variable. El alto grado de sospecha clínica es el factor más importante para su diagnóstico, lo contrario, puede ocasionar un significativo retraso entre el inicio de los síntomas y el diagnóstico correcto. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con diferentes tipos de anillos vasculares con el objetivo de describir manifestaciones clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento.

In children, extrinsic compression of the trachea is usually due to vascular origin, and less frequently caused by tumors, heart diseases, cysts and abscesses. Vascular rings are congenital anomalies of the aortic arch and its branches that compress the trachea and/or esophagus to varying degrees. Although these congenital anomalies are not frequent, they constitute a major cause of respiratory distress in children. Thus, these anomalies should be included in the differential diagnosis of obstruction of the upper airway. Symptoms include stridor, respiratory distress and dysphagia of different intensity. The high degree of clinical suspicion is the most important factor for diagnosis, fail to do so can cause a signifcant delay between symptom onset and correct diagnosis. We present four patients with different types of vascular rings in order to describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.

Assuntos