RESUMO

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between carbohydrate quality and sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress and anthropometric measurements. Methods: The carbohydrate quality was calculated using the total fiber intake, ratio of whole grains to total grains, the ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates, and the glycemic index. Sleep status was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and nutritional status was determined by taking a 1-day food consumption record and food consumption frequency. Results: It was found that 20% of the participants with the highest carbohydrate quality had the highest sleep quality and the lowest body mass index. Conclusion: Adults should be informed that the quality of carbohydrates that they consume, was associated with better sleep quality and some micronutrients (potassium, magnesium, vitamin A-D-K-C-B1-B6, Folate) but no significant correlation was found between anxiety, depression, and stress scores

Objetivos: Este estudio se realizó para determinar la relación entre la calidad de los carbohidratos y la calidad del sueño, la depresión, la ansiedad, el estrés y las medidas antropométricas. Métodos: La calidad de los carbohidratos se calculó utilizando la ingesta total de fibra, la proporción de granos integrales a granos totales, la proporción de carbohidratos sólidos a carbohidratos totales y el índice glucémico. El estado del sueño se determinó utilizando el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y el estado nutricional se determinó tomando un registro de consumo de alimentos de un día y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: Se encontró que el 20% de los participantes con la mayor calidad de carbohidratos tenían la mejor calidad de sueño y el índice de masa corporal más bajo. Conclusión: Se debe informar a los adultos que la calidad de los carbohidratos que consumen, se asoció con una mejor calidad del sueño y algunos micronutrientes (potasio, magnesio, vitamina A-D-K-C-B1-B6, folato), pero no se encontró una correlación significativa entre las puntuaciones de ansiedad, depresión y estrés.

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p > 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p > 0.05) the digestibility coefficient...

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0%; 10%; 20% e 30% de raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) na alimentação de ovinos sobre o consumo e o coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD) dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos com peso corporal (PC) médio de 26,0 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino. Os ovinos foram alocados em gaiolas de metabolismos e receberam duas refeições por dia. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e as diferenças observa as foram testadas utilização equação de regressão a 5% de significância. A inclusão dos diferentes níveis de RMRD na alimentação de ovinos não alterou (p>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) e carboidratos totais (CHT) expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, g kg0,75-1 e %PC. Os valores médios de 2,83%; 2,58%; 0,34%; 0,07%; 1,62%; 0,91% e 2,24% do PC foram obtidos para o consumo de MS; MO; PB; EE; FDN; FDA e CHT, respectivamente. Porém, os níveis de 0%, 10%; 20% e 30% de inclusão de RMRD influenciaram de maneira linear decrescente (p 0,05) o consumo...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p > 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p > 0.05) the digestibility coefficient...(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0%; 10%; 20% e 30% de raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) na alimentação de ovinos sobre o consumo e o coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD) dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos com peso corporal (PC) médio de 26,0 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino. Os ovinos foram alocados em gaiolas de metabolismos e receberam duas refeições por dia. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e as diferenças observa as foram testadas utilização equação de regressão a 5% de significância. A inclusão dos diferentes níveis de RMRD na alimentação de ovinos não alterou (p>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) e carboidratos totais (CHT) expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, g kg0,75-1 e %PC. Os valores médios de 2,83%; 2,58%; 0,34%; 0,07%; 1,62%; 0,91% e 2,24% do PC foram obtidos para o consumo de MS; MO; PB; EE; FDN; FDA e CHT, respectivamente. Porém, os níveis de 0%, 10%; 20% e 30% de inclusão de RMRD influenciaram de maneira linear decrescente (p 0,05) o consumo...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se investigar as características fermentativas e nutricionais da rama da batata doce (Ipomoea batatas) na forma de silagem utilizando níveis de fubá de milho como aditivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com sete níveis de aditivo (fubá de milho) (0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30%) e quatro repetições, totalizando 28 mini silos laboratoriais (unidades experimentais).Efeito quadrático foi observado nos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro (PIDN), proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (PIDA) e carboidratos totais das silagens da rama da batata doce com diferentes níveis de aditivo. Houve aumento no teor de MS com adição do aditivo, e a PB reduziu de 11,23% (zero aditivo) para 9,46% (30% aditivo) nas silagens da rama da batata doce. Os teores da PIDN e PIDA foram menores das silagens da rama da batata com 30% de aditivo (1,15% e 0,70%, respectivamente). Não foi observada diferença significativa nos teores de matéria orgânica, cinzas, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente ácido, fibra em detergente neutro e nutrientes digestíveis totais nas silagens da rama da batata doce em relação aos níveis de aditivos. Na avaliação dos parâmetros fermentativos, foi observado efeito quadrático no pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, em porcentagem do nitrogênio total [N-NH3 (%NT)], perda por gases e perda por efluentes das silagens da rama da batata doce com diferentes níveis de aditivo. Menor valor de pH foi observado no nível de 15% de aditivo (3,31) e maiores nos níveis 20%, 25% e 30% de aditivo (3,88; 3,89 e 3,88, respectivamente)...(AU)

The objective of this study was to investigate the fermentative and nutritional characteristics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vine silage using different levels of corn meal as additive. A completely randomized design consisting of seven levels of the additive (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% corn meal) and four replicates was used, totaling 28 laboratory mini-silos (experimental units). The different levels of additive in sweet potato vine silage exerted quadratic effects on the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP), and total carbohydrates. There was an increase in DM content with inclusion of the additive and CP was reduced from 11.23% (no additive) to 9.46% (30% additive) in sweet potato vine silage. NDIP and ADIP content was lower in sweet potato vine silage containing 30% additive (1.15% and 0.70%, respectively). No significant differences in organic matter, ashes, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, or total digestible nutrients were observed between the different levels of additive. Regarding fermentative parameters, a quadratic effect of sweet potato vine silage containing different additive levels was observed on pH, ammoniacal nitrogen as a percentage of total nitrogen [N-NH3 (%NT)], and losses from gases and effluent. A lower pH was observed at a level of the additive of 15% (3.31) and higher values at levels of 20%, 25% and 30% (3.88, 3.89 and 3.88, respectively). The N-NH3 values (%NT) ranged from 2.84% (no additive) to 3.59% (15% additive), and the lowest loss from gases and effluents was 2.38% DM and 199 kg/t in sweet potato vine silages containing 30% and 10% additive, respectively. Sweet potato vine is a good-quality roughage alternative that can be stored as silage, as along as a water-absorbing additive such as corn meal is used at a level no less than 20%...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p > 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p > 0.05) the digestibility coefficient of most of the variables measured (DM, OM CP, EE, NDF, ADF, TCH, NFC, with average values of 67.79%, 67.61%, 53.87%, 81.42%, 55.61%, 39.07%

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0%; 10%; 20% e 30% de raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) na alimentação de ovinos sobre o consumo e o coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD) dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos com peso corporal (PC) médio de 26,0 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino. Os ovinos foram alocados em gaiolas de metabolismos e receberam duas refeições por dia. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e as diferenças observa as foram testadas utilização equação de regressão a 5% de significância. A inclusão dos diferentes níveis de RMRD na alimentação de ovinos não alterou (p>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) e carboidratos totais (CHT) expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, g kg0,75-1 e %PC. Os valores médios de 2,83%; 2,58%; 0,34%; 0,07%; 1,62%; 0,91% e 2,24% do PC foram obtidos para o consumo de MS; MO; PB; EE; FDN; FDA e CHT, respectivamente. Porém, os níveis de 0%, 10%; 20% e 30% de inclusão de RMRD influenciaram de maneira linear decrescente (p 0,05) o consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, g kg0,75-1 e % do peso corporal (PC). A inclusão de 0%; 10%; 20% e 30% de RMRD nas rações de ovinos não influenciaram (p > 0,05) o CD da MS; MO; PB; EE; FDN; FDA

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p > 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p > 0.05) the digestibility coefficient of most of the variables measured (DM, OM CP, EE, NDF, ADF, TCH, NFC, with average values of 67.79%, 67.61%, 53.87%, 81.42%, 55.61%, 39.07%

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 0%; 10%; 20% e 30% de raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) na alimentação de ovinos sobre o consumo e o coeficiente de digestibilidade total (CD) dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados quatro ovinos com peso corporal (PC) médio de 26,0 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino. Os ovinos foram alocados em gaiolas de metabolismos e receberam duas refeições por dia. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e as diferenças observa as foram testadas utilização equação de regressão a 5% de significância. A inclusão dos diferentes níveis de RMRD na alimentação de ovinos não alterou (p>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) e carboidratos totais (CHT) expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, g kg0,75-1 e %PC. Os valores médios de 2,83%; 2,58%; 0,34%; 0,07%; 1,62%; 0,91% e 2,24% do PC foram obtidos para o consumo de MS; MO; PB; EE; FDN; FDA e CHT, respectivamente. Porém, os níveis de 0%, 10%; 20% e 30% de inclusão de RMRD influenciaram de maneira linear decrescente (p 0,05) o consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) expressos em g animal-1 dia-1, g kg0,75-1 e % do peso corporal (PC). A inclusão de 0%; 10%; 20% e 30% de RMRD nas rações de ovinos não influenciaram (p > 0,05) o CD da MS; MO; PB; EE; FDN; FDA

RESUMO

Objetivou-se investigar as características fermentativas e nutricionais da rama da batata doce (Ipomoea batatas) na forma de silagem utilizando níveis de fubá de milho como aditivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com sete níveis de aditivo (fubá de milho) (0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30%) e quatro repetições, totalizando 28 mini silos laboratoriais (unidades experimentais).Efeito quadrático foi observado nos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro (PIDN), proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (PIDA) e carboidratos totais das silagens da rama da batata doce com diferentes níveis de aditivo. Houve aumento no teor de MS com adição do aditivo, e a PB reduziu de 11,23% (zero aditivo) para 9,46% (30% aditivo) nas silagens da rama da batata doce. Os teores da PIDN e PIDA foram menores das silagens da rama da batata com 30% de aditivo (1,15% e 0,70%, respectivamente). Não foi observada diferença significativa nos teores de matéria orgânica, cinzas, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente ácido, fibra em detergente neutro e nutrientes digestíveis totais nas silagens da rama da batata doce em relação aos níveis de aditivos. Na avaliação dos parâmetros fermentativos, foi observado efeito quadrático no pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, em porcentagem do nitrogênio total [N-NH3 (%NT)], perda por gases e perda por efluentes das silagens da rama da batata doce com diferentes níveis de aditivo. Menor valor de pH foi observado no nível de 15% de aditivo (3,31) e maiores nos níveis 20%, 25% e 30% de aditivo (3,88; 3,89 e 3,88, respectivamente)...

The objective of this study was to investigate the fermentative and nutritional characteristics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vine silage using different levels of corn meal as additive. A completely randomized design consisting of seven levels of the additive (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% corn meal) and four replicates was used, totaling 28 laboratory mini-silos (experimental units). The different levels of additive in sweet potato vine silage exerted quadratic effects on the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP), and total carbohydrates. There was an increase in DM content with inclusion of the additive and CP was reduced from 11.23% (no additive) to 9.46% (30% additive) in sweet potato vine silage. NDIP and ADIP content was lower in sweet potato vine silage containing 30% additive (1.15% and 0.70%, respectively). No significant differences in organic matter, ashes, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, or total digestible nutrients were observed between the different levels of additive. Regarding fermentative parameters, a quadratic effect of sweet potato vine silage containing different additive levels was observed on pH, ammoniacal nitrogen as a percentage of total nitrogen [N-NH3 (%NT)], and losses from gases and effluent. A lower pH was observed at a level of the additive of 15% (3.31) and higher values at levels of 20%, 25% and 30% (3.88, 3.89 and 3.88, respectively). The N-NH3 values (%NT) ranged from 2.84% (no additive) to 3.59% (15% additive), and the lowest loss from gases and effluents was 2.38% DM and 199 kg/t in sweet potato vine silages containing 30% and 10% additive, respectively. Sweet potato vine is a good-quality roughage alternative that can be stored as silage, as along as a water-absorbing additive such as corn meal is used at a level no less than 20%...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The goal in this research was to evaluate the production parameters and chemical composition of four sorghum hybrids (60015 XBS, XBS 60451, AG and Dow 2005 F305 E) and a corn hybrid (AS32).In the experimental design was used complete blocks randomized with three repetitions. It was evaluated the total production of green mass (MV), dry matter (MS) and the stem, leaf, panicle, spike (maize). It was determined the content of crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (CHOT), non-fiber carbohydrates (CNF), mineral matter (MM) and organic matter (MO) of the plant, leaf fractions and panicle. There was no production difference between hybrids DM, MV and leaf. In the chemical composition of sorghum and maize plants, there were some differences among the hybrids. The crude protein, sorghum AG 2005 E had the highest average with 9.84%, and corn AS32 had the smallest one, with 7.76%. For the leaves composition, the PB was smaller in the hybrids XBS 60015 (9,8%) and XBS 60451 (9,87%), higher concentrations of FDN, 66,02 and 66,65%, respectively. The sorghum panicles had higher average of PB (10,06%) in relation to the corn (7,78%). The CNE was higher than the panicles of XBS 60015 with 29,61% and XBS 60451 with 27,20%. The sorghum hybrids presented a better quality in their chemical composition. So it is recommended their utilization to make better quality silage.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros produtivos e a composição química de quatro híbridos de sorgo (XBS 60015, XBS 60451, Dow F305 e AG 2005E), e de um híbrido de milho (AS32). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as produções totais de massa verde (MV), massa seca (MS) e das frações colmo, folha, panícula, espiga (milho). Determinaram-se os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHOT), carboidratos não estruturais (CNE), matéria mineral (MM) e matéria orgânica (MO) da planta e das frações folha e panícula. Não houve diferença entre os híbridos para produção de MS, MV e folha. Para a composição química das plantas de sorgo e milho houve diferença entre os híbridos, sendo que para proteína bruta, o sorgo AG 2005E apresentou a maior média com 9,84%, e o milho AS32 a menor, com 7,76%. Para a composição das folhas, a PB foi menor nos híbridos XBS 60015 (9,8%) e XBS 60451 (9,87%), com maiores concentrações de FDN, 66,02 e 66,65%, respectivamente. As panículas dos sorgos tiveram as maiores médias de PB (10,06%) em relação à espiga do milho (7,78%). O CNE foi maior para as panículas de XBS 60015 com 29,61% e XBS 60451 com 27,20%. Os híbridos de sorgo apresentaram uma melhor qualidade em sua composição química, sendo recomendável sua utilização para produção de silagens de qualidade.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The goal in this research was to evaluate the production parameters and chemical composition of four sorghum hybrids (60015 XBS, XBS 60451, AG and Dow 2005 F305 E) and a corn hybrid (AS32).In the experimental design was used complete blocks randomized with three repetitions. It was evaluated the total production of green mass (MV), dry matter (MS) and the stem, leaf, panicle, spike (maize). It was determined the content of crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (CHOT), non-fiber carbohydrates (CNF), mineral matter (MM) and organic matter (MO) of the plant, leaf fractions and panicle. There was no production difference between hybrids DM, MV and leaf. In the chemical composition of sorghum and maize plants, there were some differences among the hybrids. The crude protein, sorghum AG 2005 E had the highest average with 9.84%, and corn AS32 had the smallest one, with 7.76%. For the leaves composition, the PB was smaller in the hybrids XBS 60015 (9,8%) and XBS 60451 (9,87%), higher concentrations of FDN, 66,02 and 66,65%, respectively. The sorghum panicles had higher average of PB (10,06%) in relation to the corn (7,78%). The CNE was higher than the panicles of XBS 60015 with 29,61% and XBS 60451 with 27,20%. The sorghum hybrids presented a better quality in their chemical composition. So it is recommended their utilization to make better quality silage.

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros produtivos e a composição química de quatro híbridos de sorgo (XBS 60015, XBS 60451, Dow F305 e AG 2005E), e de um híbrido de milho (AS32). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as produções totais de massa verde (MV), massa seca (MS) e das frações colmo, folha, panícula, espiga (milho). Determinaram-se os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHOT), carboidratos não estruturais (CNE), matéria mineral (MM) e matéria orgânica (MO) da planta e das frações folha e panícula. Não houve diferença entre os híbridos para produção de MS, MV e folha. Para a composição química das plantas de sorgo e milho houve diferença entre os híbridos, sendo que para proteína bruta, o sorgo AG 2005E apresentou a maior média com 9,84%, e o milho AS32 a menor, com 7,76%. Para a composição das folhas, a PB foi menor nos híbridos XBS 60015 (9,8%) e XBS 60451 (9,87%), com maiores concentrações de FDN, 66,02 e 66,65%, respectivamente. As panículas dos sorgos tiveram as maiores médias de PB (10,06%) em relação à espiga do milho (7,78%). O CNE foi maior para as panículas de XBS 60015 com 29,61% e XBS 60451 com 27,20%. Os híbridos de sorgo apresentaram uma melhor qualidade em sua composição química, sendo recomendável sua utilização para produção de silagens de qualidade.

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RESUMO

A central composite 2 3 full factorial design was used to study the combined effect of ethanol concentration and moistening time on total phenol (TP), flavonoid (TF) and carbohydrates (TC) content, as well as over total soluble substance (TSS) and ashes content (TA) in the Tamarindus indica L. leaves extraction process. Desirability function (0.8377) suggest the 71.73 percent ethanol concentration and 92.37 minutes of moistening time as the best combination variables, predicting values of 25.972 and 2.678 mg/mL for TP and TF; whereas for TSS and TA was predicted 18.417 and 0.566 percent respectively. The TC variable was discarded, because was impossible to find an statistical strong model to describes this variable. The theoretic values predicted were contrasted with new experimental data (n=5) by a hypothesis contrast test and examining the absolute error in the prediction. Results show a good adjustment to the prediction for TP, TSS and TA variables, meanwhile TF exhibit a slight deviation to the predicted value (absolute error over 10 percent). Nevertheless, this study offers a combination of variables when it is intended to prepare a tamarind extract that afford a high extractive capacity and, as a consequence, a larger probability to exhibit some kind of pharmacologic activity.

Un diseño factorial con compuesto central 2 elevado a 3 fue empleado en la evaluación de la influencia de la concentración de etanol y el tiempo de humectación sobre el contenido de fenoles (TP), flavonoides (TF), carbohidratos (TC) sólidos (TSS) y cenizas totales (TA) en el proceso de extracción de hojas de Tamarindus indica L. Valores de 71.73 por ciento de etanol y de 92.37 minutos de tiempo de humectación fue la combinación de factores sugerida por la función deseabilidad (0,8377), la cual predice concentraciones de 25,972 y 2,678 mg/mL para las variables TP y TF; y 18,417 y 0,566 por ciento para TSS y TA respectivamente. La variable TC fue descartada ante la imposibilidad de encontrar modelos predictivos con significación estadística. Estos valores teóricos fueron comparados por contraste de hipótesis y cálculo del error absoluto de la predicción con los obtenidos por réplicas del experimento (n=5). Los resultados mostraron un buen ajuste a la predicción para las variables TP, TSS y TA, mientras que la variable TF muestra una pequeña desviación con un error absoluto ligeramente superior al 10 por ciento. A pesar de ello, el presente estudio ofrece una combinación de variables a la cual se logra una alta capacidad extractiva en hojas de Tamarindus indica L., ofreciendo una mayor probabilidad de actividad farmacológica.

Assuntos