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Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a nonpathogenic and ubiquitous ssDNA virus, a member of the Anelloviridae family. TTV has been postulated as a biomarker in transplant patients. This study aimed to determine the TTV species diversity and variability in renal transplant recipients and to associate species diversity with the corresponding TTV viral load. From 27 recipients, 30 plasma samples were selected. Viral load was determined using two real-time PCR assays, followed by RCA-NGS and ORF1 phylogenetic analysis. The TTV diversity was determined in all samples. Variability was determined in three patients with two sequential samples (pre- and post-transplantation). Most of the samples presented multiple TTV species, up to 15 different species were detected. In the pre-transplant samples (n = 12), the most prevalent species were TTV3 (75%) and TTV13 (75%), and the median number of species per sample was 5 (IQR: 4-7.5). TTV3 was also the most prevalent (56%) in the post-transplant samples (n = 18), and the median number of species was 2 (IQR: 1.8-5.5). No significant correlation between the number of species and viral load was found. The number and type of TTV species showed total variability over time. We report high TTV species diversity in Argentinian recipients, especially in pre-transplant period, with total intra-host variability. However, we found no significant correlation between this high diversity and TTV viral load.
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Infecções por Vírus de DNA , Transplante de Rim , Torque teno virus , Humanos , Torque teno virus/genética , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Filogenia , Transplantados , Carga Viral , DNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
Introduction: Torque teno virus (TTV) has been pointed as an endogenous marker of immune function, the objective of this study was to investigate the TTV viral load in plasma and saliva of cirrhotic individuals and correlate it with clinical characteristics. Methods: Blood, saliva, clinical data from records and laboratory tests were collected from 72 cirrhotic patients. Plasma and saliva were submitted to real-time polymerase chain reaction for quantification of TTV viral load. Results: The majority of the patients presented decompensated cirrhosis (59.7%) and 47.2% had alterations in the white blood series. TTV was identified in 28 specimens of plasma (38.8%) and in 67 specimens of saliva (93.0%), with median values of TTV copies/mL of 90.6 in plasma and 245.14 in saliva. All the patients who were positive for TTV in plasma were also positive in saliva, with both fluids having a moderately positive correlation for the presence of TTV. There was no correlation between TTV viral load, either in plasma or in saliva, and any of the variables studied. Conclusion: TTV is more frequently found and in greater amount in the saliva than in the plasma of cirrhotic patients. There was no correlation between TTV viral load and clinical parameters.
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Torque Teno Virus (TTV) was initially associated with post-transfusion hepatitis, but growing evidence of its ubiquity in humans is compatible to no apparent clinical significance. TTV is a small non-enveloped virus with a circular single-negative-stranded DNA genome, belonging to the Anelloviridae family. Currently, TTVs are divided in seven phylogenetic groups and are further classified into 21 species. Studies about diversity of TTV in different conditions are receiving increasing interest and in this sense, sequencing of whole genomes for better genetic characterization becomes even more important. Since its discovery in 1997, few TTV complete genomes have been reported worldwide. This is probably due, among other reasons, to the great genetic heterogeneity among TTV strains that prevents its amplification and sequencing by conventional PCR and cloning methods. In addition, although metagenomics approach is useful in these cases, it remains a challenging tool for viromic analysis. With the aim of contributing to the expansion of the TTV whole genomes dataset and to study intra-host variants, we employed a methodology that combined a rolling-circle amplification approach followed by EcoRI digestion, generating a DNA fragment of â¼4Kb consistent with TTV genome length which was sequenced by Illumina next generation sequencing. A genogroup 3 full-length consensus TTV genome was obtained and co-infection with other species (at least those with a single EcoRI cleavage site) was not identified. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis allowed to identify the spectrum of TTV intra-host variants which provides evidence of a complex evolution dynamics of these DNA circular viruses, similarly to what occurs with RNA viruses.
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BACKGROUND: Several reports have proposed that the viral load of torque teno virus (TTV) in plasma is a biomarker of immune function in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, for the latter one, TTV-DNA quantification in saliva has also been suggested. AIM: to investigate the correlation between the TTV viral load and immune function in paired saliva and plasma samples in patients on kidney transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TTV-DNA viral load was quantified in paired samples of saliva and plasma from 71 patients before and a short-time after renal-transplantation by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The data obtained from 213 paired samples showed a slight consistency in the comparison between saliva and plasma, with prevalence of TTV-DNA being 58%, 52% and 60% in saliva samples and 60%, 73% and 90% in plasma samples before and at 15-20 and 45-60 days after transplantation, respectively. Additionally, a high TTV viral load was observed in plasma at 15-20 and 45-60 days after transplantation compared to that observed in saliva at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, monitoring TTV-DNA in saliva samples could be an additional fast non-invasive option to assess the immune functionality in SOT populations.
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The emerging torque teno virus (TTV) has been identified as a biohazard marker of anthropocentric pollution and contamination in drinking water, natural water and wastewater systems (DWNWWS). Therefore, this study aimed at assessing prevalence of TTV in DWNWWS. The study systematically identified and meta-analyzed published studies on TTV prevalence in DWNWWS hosted in Dimensions, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using a random-effects model and mixed-effects meta-regression model for sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the meta-analysis was stratified to estimate water type-specific TTV prevalence. The study found a total of 58 articles, of which 13 articles subdivided into 31 studies with 374 TTV positive cases and 862 total sample sizes were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. The pooled prevalence of TTV in DWNWWS was 37.18% (95%CI: 23.76-55.55%). Prevalence of TTV was significantly different across water types and it was 56.67% (95%CI: 36.94-75.46%) in wastewater, 26.72% (95%CI: 6.87-52.56%) in river water, and 17.17% (95%CI: 0.54-45.39%) in drinking water. TTV incidence in seawater and groundwater was 0% and 25.0% respectively. Funnel plots constructed and associated statistics of rank correlation test and Egger's regression test in this study, show lack of publication bias in the pooled prevalence of TTV in DWNWWS. Although, sample type (QM(df = 1) = 6.9656, p = 0.0083) and concentration methods (QM(df = 1) = 3.8055, p = 0.0511) significantly moderated and accounted for 15.39% and 6.00% of heterogeneity in the prevalence of TTV in DWNWWS respectively. In conclusion, research focus/monitoring activities on TTV is generally inadequate and potential risk of TTV in DWNWWS is underappreciated in most nations; the analyzed studies were from 7 countries (USA, Japan, Italy, Iran, Germany, Egypt, and Brazil). Finally, inefficient concentration method severely influences the prevalence of TTV in DWNWWS and could give rise to underestimation of TTV and mar TTV-based source-tracking of anthropogenic pollutions.
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Água Potável , Torque teno virus , Brasil , Egito , Alemanha , Irã (Geográfico) , Itália , Japão , Prevalência , Águas ResiduáriasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Torque teno virus (TTV) is a non-pathogenic virus present in body fluids. Its titer in the circulation increases in association with immune suppression, such as in HIV-infected individuals. We evaluated if the TTV titer in saliva from HIV-positive individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) was related to the circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte concentration and the HIV titer. METHODS: Saliva was collected from 276 asymptomatic individuals undergoing ART, and an additional 48 individuals positive for AIDS-associated Kaposi's Sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The salivary TTV titer was measured by gene amplification analysis. The circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte and HIV levels were obtained by chart review. RESULTS: TTV was detectable in saliva from 80% of the asymptomatic subjects and 87% of those with AIDS-KS. In the asymptomatic group the median log10 TTV titer/ml was 3.3 in 200 males vs. 2.4 in 76 females (p < 0.0001). TTV titer/ml was 3.7 when HIV was acquired by intravenous drug usage, 3.2 when by sexual acquisition and 2.4 when blood transfusion acquired. The salivary TTV titer was inversely correlated with the circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte level (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with the circulating HIV concentration (p = 0.0005). The median salivary TTV titer and circulating HIV titer were higher, and the CD4+ count was lower, in individuals positive for AIDS-KS than in the asymptomatic subjects (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The TTV titer in saliva is a potential biomarker for monitoring immune status in individuals undergoing ART.
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The aim of this editorial is to present a brief description of the Torque teno virus' epidemiology and establish the actuality of their study in México. Also, we mentioned the studies made in México and Yucatán, specifically in the Center of Regional Research "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi" of the Autonomous University of Yucatán.
El objetivo de esta editorial es presentar una breve descripción de la epidemiología del Torque teno virus, así como establecer la actualidad del escenario de su estudio en México. Además, hacemos mención de los estudios hechos en México y en Yucatán, específicamente en el Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.
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Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Torque teno virus , Humanos , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Torque Teno Virus (TTV), member of Anelloviridae family, is considered a worldwide distributed emergent virus and is currently classified into seven genogroups. Interestingly, the pathogenicity of TTV remains unclear. However, it has been constantly associated to hepatitis cases of unknown etiology (HUE) as well as extensively studied in concurrent infections with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). In South America, TTV epidemiological data is scant, involving some studies from Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and Bolivia. The aim of this work was to investigate for the first time in Uruguay the presence of TTV by a nested-PCR system in 85 human serum samples infected with HBV and/or HCV and/or HIV-1 and in HUE cases. Overall, our results reported a TTV infection rate of 79% (67/85). Furthermore, the molecular characterization of Uruguayan strains revealed that one of them clustered in genogroup 1, while the remaining ones formed separate clusters closely related to genogroup 3, which should be confirmed by complete genome sequencing. Further investigation about TTV circulation in Uruguayan population is needed in order to provide additional information about the genetic variability and TTV epidemiology in South America.
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Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Torque teno virus/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Torque teno virus/classificação , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the Torque teno virus in healthy donors in the northern and northwestern regions of the state of Paraná, southern Brazil.METHODS: The Torque teno virus was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction using a set of oligoprimers for the N22 region.RESULTS: The prevalence of the virus was 69% in 551 healthy blood donors in southern Brazil. There was no statistically significant difference between the presence of the virus and the variables gender, ethnicity and marital status. There was significant difference in the prevalence of the virus regarding the age of the donors (p-value = 0.024) with a higher incidence (74.7%) in 18- to 24-year-old donors.CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of Torque teno virus was observed in the population studied. Further studies are needed to elucidate the routes of contamination and the clinical implications of the virus in the healthy population.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Virologia , Doadores de Sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Torque teno virus , AnelloviridaeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the Torque teno virus in healthy donors in the northern and northwestern regions of the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. METHODS: The Torque teno virus was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction using a set of oligoprimers for the N22 region. RESULTS: The prevalence of the virus was 69% in 551 healthy blood donors in southern Brazil. There was no statistically significant difference between the presence of the virus and the variables gender, ethnicity and marital status. There was significant difference in the prevalence of the virus regarding the age of the donors (p-value=0.024) with a higher incidence (74.7%) in 18- to 24-year-old donors. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of Torque teno virus was observed in the population studied. Further studies are needed to elucidate the routes of contamination and the clinical implications of the virus in the healthy population.
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Patients who undergo dialysis treatment or a renal transplant have a high risk of blood-borne viral infections, including the Torque teno virus (TTV). This study identified the presence of TTV and its genome groups in blood samples from 118 patients in dialysis and 50 renal-transplant recipients. The research was conducted in a hospital in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná. The viral DNA, obtained from whole blood, was identified by using two nested Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). The frequencies of TTV were 17% and 36% in dialysis patients using the methodology proposed by Nishizawa et al . (1997) and Devalle and Niel (2004) , respectively, and 10% and 54% among renal-transplant patients. There was no statistically significant association between the frequency of the pathogen and the variables: gender, time in dialysis, time since transplant, blood transfusions, and the concomitant presence of hepatitis B, for either the dialysis patients or the renal-transplant recipients. Among dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients, genogroup 5 was predominant (48% and 66% respectively), followed by genogroup 4 (37% and 48%) and genogroup 1 (23% and 25%). Genogroup 2 was present in both groups of patients. Some patients had several genogroups, but 46% of the dialysis patients and 51% of the renal-transplant recipients had only a single genogroup. This study showed a high prevalence of TTV in dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients.
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Sangue/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Torque teno virus/classificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Hospitais , Humanos , Transplante de Rim , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Diálise Renal , Torque teno virus/genética , Transplantados , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Patients who undergo dialysis treatment or a renal transplant have a high risk of blood-borne viral infections, including the Torque teno virus (TTV). This study identified the presence of TTV and its genome groups in blood samples from 118 patients in dialysis and 50 renal-transplant recipients. The research was conducted in a hospital in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná. The viral DNA, obtained from whole blood, was identified by using two nested Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). The frequencies of TTV were 17% and 36% in dialysis patients using the methodology proposed by Nishizawa et al. (1997) and Devalle and Niel (2004), respectively, and 10% and 54% among renal-transplant patients. There was no statistically significant association between the frequency of the pathogen and the variables: gender, time in dialysis, time since transplant, blood transfusions, and the concomitant presence of hepatitis B, for either the dialysis patients or the renal-transplant recipients. Among dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients, genogroup 5 was predominant (48% and 66% respectively), followed by genogroup 4 (37% and 48%) and genogroup 1 (23% and 25%). Genogroup 2 was present in both groups of patients. Some patients had several genogroups, but 46% of the dialysis patients and 51% of the renal-transplant recipients had only a single genogroup. This study showed a high prevalence of TTV in dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients.
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Sangue/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Torque teno virus/classificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Genótipo , Hospitais , Transplante de Rim , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Diálise Renal , Transplantados , Torque teno virus/genéticaRESUMO
Patients who undergo dialysis treatment or a renal transplant have a high risk of blood-borne viral infections, including the Torque teno virus (TTV). This study identified the presence of TTV and its genome groups in blood samples from 118 patients in dialysis and 50 renal-transplant recipients. The research was conducted in a hospital in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná. The viral DNA, obtained from whole blood, was identified by using two nested Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). The frequencies of TTV were 17% and 36% in dialysis patients using the methodology proposed by Nishizawa et al. (1997) and Devalle and Niel (2004), respectively, and 10% and 54% among renal-transplant patients. There was no statistically significant association between the frequency of the pathogen and the variables: gender, time in dialysis, time since transplant, blood transfusions, and the concomitant presence of hepatitis B, for either the dialysis patients or the renal-transplant recipients. Among dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients, genogroup 5 was predominant (48% and 66% respectively), followed by genogroup 4 (37% and 48%) and genogroup 1 (23% and 25%). Genogroup 2 was present in both groups of patients. Some patients had several genogroups, but 46% of the dialysis patients and 51% of the renal-transplant recipients had only a single genogroup. This study showed a high prevalence of TTV in dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sangue/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Torque teno virus/classificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Genótipo , Hospitais , Transplante de RimRESUMO
Introduction Torque teno virus (TTV) and SEN virus are circular single-stranded DNA viruses that cause blood-borne infections. The SEN virus (SEN-V) was originally detected in the serum of an injection drug user infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently TTV was discovered as a potential causative agent of non-A-E hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the SEN-V-D/H and TTV in HIV patients and healthy blood donors in Iran. Methods One hundred and fifty HIV patients with a mean age of 50.46 ± 18.46 years and 150 healthy blood donors with a mean age of 48.16 ± 13.73 years were included in this study. TTV and SEN-V were detected by the PCR and were quantitatively assayed by competitive PCR (nested and semi-nested PCR). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used to determine the heterogeneity of TTV. Results TTV and SEN-V were detected 96 (64%) and 84 (56%) of 150 HIV patients respectively. These rates were 34% (n=51) and 37.33% (n=56) in healthy blood donors (significant, p<0.05). PCR detected SEN-V/TTV DNA from 32 of the healthy blood donors (21.33%), while 65 (43.33%) of HIV patients were positive for SEN-V/TTV DNA. Of 150 HIV patients, 32.66% and 23.33% were positive for SEN-V-H and SEN-V-D, respectively and 18.66% (n=28) were co-infected with SEN-V-D/H. Conclusions The prevalence of SEN-VD/H and TTV is higher in HIV patients than in healthy blood donors in Southern Iran. Our results suggest that TTV and SEN-V might play a role in the development of liver disease in patients with immunodeficiency diseases. .
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Torque teno virus/genética , Doadores de Sangue , Coinfecção/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/análise , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
Adenovirus (AdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are non-enveloped viral agents excreted in feces and so may contaminate water bodies. In the present study, the molecular detection of these viruses was performed in samples of surface water collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, a waterstream that crosses the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, receiving great volumes of non-treated sewage from a large urban area. Sampling was performed during 2009, in three different occasions (January, April and September). The highest detection rate was observed for EV (64.28%), followed by TTV (28.57%) and AdV (21.43%). Rotaviruses were not detected. More than on kind of tested virus was detected in five (35. 71%) of 14 samples. January was the month with the highest viral detection rate, being all samples, collected in this month, positive for at least one group of tested virus. The correlation between the detection of these different viral agents and environmental factors is discussed. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first description of viral genomes in water samples taken from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre (Brazil).
Adenovírus (AdV), enterovírus (EV), rotavírus (GARV) e Torque teno vírus (TTV) são vírus não envelopados, excretados nas fezes, podendo, assim, contaminar corpos hídricos. No presente estudo, a detecção molecular desses agentes foi realizada em amostras de águas superficiais provenientes do Arroio Dilúvio, o qual cruza a cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em três meses diferentes (janeiro, abril e setembro) do ano de 2009. A maior taxa de detecção viral foi observada para EV (64,28%), seguida por TTV (28,57%) e AdV (21,43%). Rotavírus não foi detectado. Foi verificada presença simultânea de dois grupos virais em cinco (35,71%) das 14 amostras analisadas. Janeiro foi o mês com a maior taxa de detecção viral, sendo todas as amostras, coletadas nesse mês, positivas para, no mínimo, um grupo viral em estudo. A correlação entre a detecção desses diferentes agentes virais e os fatores ambientais é discutida. Conforme conhecimento dos autores, essa é a primeira descrição de genomas virais em amostras de água provenientes do Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
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Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Adenoviridae/genética , Brasil , DNA Viral/genética , Enterovirus/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Rios , Rotavirus/genética , Torque teno virus/genéticaRESUMO
This study evaluated histological lesions in kidney samples from pigs with nephritis in two slaughterhouses in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Four hundred samples were subjected to histology, anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) immunohistochemistry (IHC), anti-Leptospira sp. immunofluorescence (IF), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and Torque teno virus type 1 and 2 (TTV1, TTV2) detection. Histological lesions were found in 81% of the samples, and mononuclear interstitial nephritis was the most frequent lesion (77.50%). A follicular pattern was observed in 40.97% of the interstitial nephritis lesions. PCV2, PPV, TTV1, and TTV2 were identified in the kidneys by PCR in 27.25%, 28.50%, 94%, and 87.5% of the samples, respectively. Leptospira sp. was not detected through IF. Infection by PCV2 (PCR) and the presence of histological lesions (P=0.008) and giant cells (P=0.0016) were significantly associated. An association was observed between the TTV2-TTV1 co-infection (P<0.0001) and the risk for pathogenesis. These findings indicated that PCV2, PPV, TTV1, and TTV2 were widely distributed among pigs in the local farms and that the presence of these agents should be considered in the differential diagnosis of kidneys with interstitial nephritis in pigs.(AU)
O propósito desse estudo foi avaliar as lesões histológicas observadas em rins condenados por nefrite pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal, em dois frigoríficos de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram coletados 400 rins condenados por nefrite e submetidos aos exames de histologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHC) para Circovirus suíno Tipo 2 (PCV2), imunofluorescência direta (IF) para Leptospira sp. e reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para detecção de PCV2, Parvovirus suíno (PPV) e Torque teno vírus Tipo 1 e 2 (TTV1 e TTV2). Foram observadas lesões histológicas em 81% das amostras, sendo nefrite intersticial mononuclear a mais freqüente (77,50%). Das lesões de nefrite intersticial encontradas, 40,97% apresentaram padrão folicular. Através da PCR foi observada ampla distribuição dos agentes (PCV2, PPV, TTV1 e TTV2) nas propriedades e municípios, com ocorrência de 27,25%, 28,50%, 94% e 87,50%, respectivamente. Leptospira sp. não foi detectada através da IF. Houve associação significativa da infecção do PCV2 com presença de lesão histológica (P=0,008) e de células gigantes (P=0,0016). Também houve associação entre a co-infecção TTV2 e TTV1 (P<0,0001). Esses achados indicam que os vírus PCV2, PPV, TTV1 e TTV2 devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial de rins com nefrite intersticial em suínos.(AU)
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Animais , Doenças dos Suínos , Nefrite Intersticial/veterinária , Autopsia/veterinária , Rim/fisiopatologia , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Parvovirus Suíno/isolamento & purificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study evaluated histological lesions in kidney samples from pigs with nephritis in two slaughterhouses in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Four hundred samples were subjected to histology, anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) immunohistochemistry (IHC), anti-Leptospira sp. immunofluorescence (IF), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and Torque teno virus type 1 and 2 (TTV1, TTV2) detection. Histological lesions were found in 81% of the samples, and mononuclear interstitial nephritis was the most frequent lesion (77.50%). A follicular pattern was observed in 40.97% of the interstitial nephritis lesions. PCV2, PPV, TTV1, and TTV2 were identified in the kidneys by PCR in 27.25%, 28.50%, 94%, and 87.5% of the samples, respectively. Leptospira sp. was not detected through IF. Infection by PCV2 (PCR) and the presence of histological lesions (P=0.008) and giant cells (P=0.0016) were significantly associated. An association was observed between the TTV2-TTV1 co-infection (P<0.0001) and the risk for pathogenesis. These findings indicated that PCV2, PPV, TTV1, and TTV2 were widely distributed among pigs in the local farms and that the presence of these agents should be considered in the differential diagnosis of kidneys with interstitial nephritis in pigs.
O propósito desse estudo foi avaliar as lesões histológicas observadas em rins condenados por nefrite pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal, em dois frigoríficos de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram coletados 400 rins condenados por nefrite e submetidos aos exames de histologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHC) para Circovirus suíno Tipo 2 (PCV2), imunofluorescência direta (IF) para Leptospira sp. e reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para detecção de PCV2, Parvovirus suíno (PPV) e Torque teno vírus Tipo 1 e 2 (TTV1 e TTV2). Foram observadas lesões histológicas em 81% das amostras, sendo nefrite intersticial mononuclear a mais freqüente (77,50%). Das lesões de nefrite intersticial encontradas, 40,97% apresentaram padrão folicular. Através da PCR foi observada ampla distribuição dos agentes (PCV2, PPV, TTV1 e TTV2) nas propriedades e municípios, com ocorrência de 27,25%, 28,50%, 94% e 87,50%, respectivamente. Leptospira sp. não foi detectada através da IF. Houve associação significativa da infecção do PCV2 com presença de lesão histológica (P=0,008) e de células gigantes (P=0,0016). Também houve associação entre a co-infecção TTV2 e TTV1 (P<0,0001). Esses achados indicam que os vírus PCV2, PPV, TTV1 e TTV2 devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial de rins com nefrite intersticial em suínos.
Assuntos
Animais , Autopsia/veterinária , Nefrite Intersticial/veterinária , Rim/fisiopatologia , Doenças dos Suínos , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Parvovirus Suíno/isolamento & purificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Estudos recentes sobre o torque teno vírus (TTV), gênero Anellovirus, permitiram construir a hipótese de que esse vírus pode ser um desencadeante ou tenha algum papel patogênico nas doenças reumáticas autoimunes. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a frequência da infecção pelo TTV em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), e sua diversidade gênica, a existência de correlação entre a infecção pelo TTV e as manifestações clínicas do LES, sua evolução clínica e o perfil sorológico. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram obtidas 46 amostras de soro de pacientes com LES atendidos no Ambulatório de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário de Campo Grande (NHU/FAMED/UFMS). Para os controles, utilizaram-se 46 amostras de soro de doadores de sangue. O DNA viral foi extraído das amostras utilizando o QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Alemanha), e amplificado utilizando a técnica de nested PCR. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada positividade para o TTV em 17 (37 por cento) dos pacientes lúpicos, e em apenas sete (15,2 por cento) dos controles (teste z, P = 0,03). Não houve correlação entre a infecção pelo TTV, as manifestações clínicas, o perfil sorológico e a evolução clínica dos pacientes avaliados neste estudo. CONCLUSÃO: A presença do TTV nos pacientes com LES necessita ser mais bem compreendida a partir deste estudo inicial.
Recent studies on the torque teno virus (TTV), genus Anellovirus, have allowed formulating the hypothesis that TTV may trigger autoimmune rheumatic diseases or have some pathogenic role in them. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of TTV infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the genetic diversity of TTV, the correlation between TTV infection and SLE clinical manifestations, and SLE clinical course and serological profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Serum samples were obtained from 46 SLE patients treated at the University-Affiliated Hospital of Campo Grande (NHU/FAMED/UFMS), Brazil. For controls, serum samples were obtained from 46 healthy volunteer blood donors. Viral DNA was extracted from samples using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and amplified using nested PCR. RESULTS: Positivity for TTV was found in 17 (37 percent) of SLE patients and in only seven (15.2 percent) of the controls (z test, P = 0.03). There was no correlation between TTV infection, SLE clinical manifestations, SLE clinical course, and the serological profile of the patients evaluated. CONCLUSION: Further studies on the presence of TTV in SLE patients are required.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/complicações , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Torque teno virus/genética , Brasil , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/sangue , Variação Genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Adenovirus (AdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are non-enveloped viral agents excreted in feces and so may contaminate water bodies. In the present study, the molecular detection of these viruses was performed in samples of surface water collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, a waterstream that crosses the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, receiving great volumes of non-treated sewage from a large urban area. Sampling was performed during 2009, in three different occasions (January, April and September). The highest detection rate was observed for EV (64.28%), followed by TTV (28.57%) and AdV (21.43%). Rotaviruses were not detected. More than on kind of tested virus was detected in five (35. 71%) of 14 samples. January was the month with the highest viral detection rate, being all samples, collected in this month, positive for at least one group of tested virus. The correlation between the detection of these different viral agents and environmental factors is discussed. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first description of viral genomes in water samples taken from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre (Brazil).
Adenovírus (AdV), enterovírus (EV), rotavírus (GARV) e Torque teno vírus (TTV) são vírus não envelopados, excretados nas fezes, podendo, assim, contaminar corpos hídricos. No presente estudo, a detecção molecular desses agentes foi realizada em amostras de águas superficiais provenientes do Arroio Dilúvio, o qual cruza a cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em três meses diferentes (janeiro, abril e setembro) do ano de 2009. A maior taxa de detecção viral foi observada para EV (64,28%), seguida por TTV (28,57%) e AdV (21,43%). Rotavírus não foi detectado. Foi verificada presença simultânea de dois grupos virais em cinco (35,71%) das 14 amostras analisadas. Janeiro foi o mês com a maior taxa de detecção viral, sendo todas as amostras, coletadas nesse mês, positivas para, no mínimo, um grupo viral em estudo. A correlação entre a detecção desses diferentes agentes virais e os fatores ambientais é discutida. Conforme conhecimento dos autores, essa é a primeira descrição de genomas virais em amostras de água provenientes do Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
RESUMO
Torque teno virus (TTV), a novel DNA virus resides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and replicates when these cells get activated. The TTV replication shifts the immunobalance. Aim: To determine the presence of TTV in the gingiva of patients with aggressive periodontitis, patients withchronic periodontitis, and healthy controls, and to correlate the presence of TTV with probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Methods: Forty-two subjects (22 males and 20 females)aged 21 to 55 years were recruited for this study. Subjects were stratified into aggressive periodontitis (Group I), chronic periodontitis (Group II) and healthy controls (Group III). Gingival tissue biopsy was taken from all the subjects and the presence of TTV was analyzed using PCR and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: TTV was identified in half of the subjects and more number of subjects with periodontitis have TT virus compared to controls. There was significant association between presence of TT virus and pocket depth, clinical attachment level. Conclusions: The findings from the present study shows that there was no significant association between TT virus and periodontitis, even though it was isolated from more number of subjects with aggressive periodontitis, and TTV was associated with pocket depth and clinical attachment level. These findings need to be investigated in further studies.