RESUMO
Abstract Foam has been used worldwide as a vehicle for the professional application of fluoride and hypothetically should have the same anticaries potential as conventional fluoride gel (F-gel) in terms of the formation of reaction products with enamel. Thus, the ability of Flúor Care® foam (FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil, 12,300 ppm F, acidulated) to react with enamel was evaluated in comparison with Flúor gel® (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 12,300 ppm F, acidulated). Slabs (n=10/group) of sound enamel and with caries lesion were used, in which the concentrations of total fluoride (TF), and loosely (CaF2-like) and firmly (FAp) bound types were determined. The importance of agitation during application was previously tested. The determinations were made with fluoride ion-specific electrode and the results were expressed in μg F/cm² of the treated enamel area. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the difference among treatments, independently for sound and carious enamel. The agitation of the products during application significantly increased the reactivity of the foam (p<0.05), but not that of the gel (p>0.05). The foam did not differ from F-gel (p>0.05) concerning the formation of TF and CaF2-like in sound or carious enamel. Regarding FAp, the foam did not differ from F-gel (p>0.05) in the carious enamel, but the concentration in the sound was lower (p<0.05). The results show that this commercial fluoride foam tested needs to be agitated during application to improve its reactivity with enamel, which raises a question about other brands.
Resumo A espuma tem sido utilizada mundialmente como veículo para aplicação profissional de fluoreto e hipoteticamente deveria ter o mesmo potencial anticárie que o gel fluoretado convencional (F-gel) em termos de formação de produtos de reação com o esmalte. Assim, a capacidade da espuma Flúor Care® (FGM, Joinville, SC, Brasil, 12.300 ppm F, acidulada) de reagir com o esmalte foi avaliada em comparação com o Flúor gel® (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 12.300 ppm F, acidulado). Foram utilizados blocos (n=10/grupo) de esmalte hígido e com lesão de cárie, nos quais foram determinadas as concentrações de flúor total (FT), e os tipos de flúor fracamente (tipo-CaF2) e firmemente (FAp) ligados ao esmalte. A importância da agitação durante a aplicação foi previamente testada. As determinações foram feitas com eletrodo íon específico para fluoreto e os resultados foram expressos em μg F/cm² da área tratada do esmalte. A diferença entre os tratamentos foi analisada por ANOVA e Tukey (α=5%), independentemente para esmalte hígido e cariado. A agitação dos produtos durante a aplicação aumentou significativamente a reatividade da espuma (p<0,05), mas não a do gel (p>0,05). A espuma não diferiu do F-gel (p>0,05) quanto à formação de FT e tipo-CaF2 no esmalte hígido ou cariado. Em relação à FAp, a espuma não diferiu do F-gel (p>0,05) no esmalte cariado, mas a concentração no hígido foi menor (p<0,05). Os resultados mostram que esta espuma fluoretada comercial testada precisa ser agitada durante a aplicação para melhorar sua reatividade com o esmalte, o que levanta questão sobre outras marcas.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of dental health services to receive professionally applied topical fluoride (DHSU-PATF) in the 12 months prior to the study among Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 1,404 schoolchildren selected randomly from 15 public schools in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. Questionnaires were distributed to determine the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables. The dependent variable was the DHSU-PATF in the year before the study, which was dichotomized as 0 (no DHSU-PATF) or 1 (yes, DHSU-PATF). We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. The analysis was performed in Stata 11.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of DHSU-PATF was 5.1%, but lower among younger children (OR = 0.86) and greater among children with health insurance (private insurance, OR = 3.64; insurance provided by the government owned oil company, the Army, or the Navy, OR = 5.03). The level of knowledge about oral health among guardians/ parents was also a factor (medium, OR = 2.37; high, OR = 4.05). Additionally, among the children whose parents/guardians perceived them (the children) as having good or very good oral health, the OR was 3.33; among children whose parents brushed their teeth with greater relative frequency, the OR was 8.74. Finally, DHSU-PATF was greater among children with relatively higher socioeconomic status (2nd quartile, OR = 3.29; 3rd quartile, OR = 5.99; 4th quartile, OR = 4.64). CONCLUSION: The receipt of PATF was low in this sample of Mexican schoolchildren and is associated with socioeconomic and behavioral factors. This gives us a guideline to create or improve topical fluoride application strategies in the public and private Mexican health systems.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fluoretos Tópicos/administração & dosagem , Saúde Bucal , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pais , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and associated factors of visits to the dentist in the last year by Nicaraguan schoolchildren to receive professionally applied topical fluoride (PATF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed in children from public schools in the city of León, Nicaragua, were included. A series of socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and behavioural variables were collected through a questionnaire. The dependent variable was the visit to the dentist to receive professionally applied topical fluoride in the last year, which was dichotomised as (0) Did not receive PATF and (1) Yes received PATF. In the statistical analysis, binary logistic regression was used. RESULTS: The mean age of the students included was 9 years, and 49.9% were girls. The prevalence of visits to the dentist in the last year to receive PATF was 3.1%. In the multivariate model, the associated characteristics (p < 0.05) were: female (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.34-4.50); the positive attitude of the mother to the oral health of her child (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.03-4.50); and the best socioeconomic position (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.36-5.31). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of visits to the dentist in the last year to receive professionally applied topical fluoride was very low (3.1%). The results of the socioeconomic position suggest the existence of certain inequalities in oral health. It is necessary to implement policies and programs aimed at improving this scenario.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Fluoretos Tópicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Assistência Odontológica , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Nicarágua , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
To evaluate the in vivo clinical effectiveness of two commercial fluoride varnish formulations.Material and Methods:The sample consisted of seven children aged 2-5 years for a total of 24 active white spot lesions (WSL) in primary teeth. Children were randomly divided into two groups in accordance with the varnish used: G1 -Duraphat® -DR (n = 14 WSL); and G2 -Duofluorid XII® -DF (n = 10 WSL). Children were submitted to treatment with varnishes applied once a week for four consecutive weeks. Maximum mesiodistal and incisogengival dimensions were measured with a periodontal probe at the beginning of treatment and on the fifth week of treatment. The average between the two dimensions represented the value of the WSL dimension. The comparison of the mean final values of WSL dimensions between groups of fluoride varnishes tested was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results:After five weeks, most WSL were ranked as inactive (G1 = 71.4% and G2 = 40%). No significant difference between G1 and G2 in relation to lesion activity was observed (p = 0.124). There was a significant decrease of 24% between initial (3.12 mm ± 1.49 mm) and final WSL dimension (2.35 mm ± 1.06 mm) (p = 0.012) in G1. In G2, there was a significant reduction of 40% in lesion dimension with initial value of 5.7 mm (± 3.82 mm) and final value of 3.4 mm (± 3.35 mm) (p = 0.013). Regarding the reduction in the WSL dimension, no significant difference between groups was observed (p = 0.931). Conclusion:Both fluoride varnish formulations tested had similar effect on the control of active white spot lesions in primary teeth...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Dente Decíduo/lesões , Eficácia , Fluoretos Tópicos , Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Brasil , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
AIM: Present study was conducted to compare the effect of topical fluoride agents on color change of three aesthetic restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Restorative material used were Ketac Fill type II (GIC), Filtek Z350(Composite) and Beuttifull II (Giomer). Topical Fluorides used were Pascal (1.23% APF gel) and Fluoride Varnish (Bifluoride). 24 samples of each restorative material were prepared, which were divided into 8 each, among three groups. Treatment of Group A with APF gel, Group B with Varnish was done and Group C with distilled water which was used as a control, followed by immersing of samples in artificial saliva for 48 hr. Samples were then subjected to colorimetric analysis. Data collected was statistically analysed using one way ANOVA and Tukys Post Hoc Test. RESULTS: GIC showed statistically significant change in color in both APF and Varnish group compared to composite and Giomer after 48 hr. CONCLUSION: Present study concludes that Topical fluoride agents have detrimental effect on color of aesthetic restorative materials. Giomer was least effected out of the three restorative materials and this can be used as alternative to other restorative material.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Colorimetria , Resinas Compostas , FluoretosRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de vernizes fluoretados suplementados com Trimetafosfato de Sódio (TMP) sobre a desmineralização e remineralização do esmalte dentário. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em 4 capítulos. Inicialmente foi avaliada a liberação de fluoreto (F) e fosfato (P) em soluções de saliva artificial (24 h) após aplicação de vernizes contendo 2,5% NaF, 5% NaF, 5% TMP, 2,5% NaF/5% TMP, 5% NaF/5% TMP, além de uma formulação placebo (sem NaF e TMP) e um verniz comercial (Duraphat), descrito no Capítulo 1. Os efeitos destes vernizes sobre a remineralização de lesões de cárie artificial, bem como sobre a desmineralização do esmalte hígido foram avaliados, respectivamente, nos Capítulos 2 e 3, em modelos de ciclagem de pH. Por fim, o potencial remineralizador dos vernizes placebo, 5% NaF e 5% NaF/5% TMP foi avaliado em um protocolo in situ (Capítulo 4). Os espécimes foram avaliados quanto a dureza de superfície (SH), porcentagem de recuperação de SH (%SHR), dureza em secção longitudinal (ΔKHN), microscopia de luz polarizada, bem como a quantidade de CaF2 e fluoreto fortemente ligado ao esmalte. Uma relação dose-resposta entre a quantidade de NaF e TMP nos vernizes e a liberação de F e P nas soluções de saliva artificial foi observada. Embora um efeito inibitório parcial na liberação de F e P tenha sido observado na presença dos dois sais, um efeito sinérgico foi observado na %SHR e ΔKHN na remineralização de lesões de cárie, bem como na redução da desmineralização (SH e ΔKHN) do esmalte hígido para vernizes contendo NaF e TMP. Em ambas as situações, o efeito protetor do verniz contendo 5% NaF/5% TMP foi significativamente maior que os demais grupos in vitro. Este padrão foi confirmado em um protocolo in situ sobre a remineralização do esmalte cariado. A formação de CaF2 e incorporação de fluoreto no esmalte foi, contraditoriamente, menor para vernizes contendo TMP em comparação aos vernizes contendo mesma concentração de F, sem...
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of fluoridated varnishes supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization and remineralization. For this purpose, the study was divided into 4 chapters. First, the amount of fluoride (F) and phosphate (P) released in artificial saliva solutions (24 h) were measured after the application of varnishes containing 2.5% NaF, 5% NaF, 5% TMP, 2.5% NaF/5% TMP, 5% NaF/5% TMP, besides a PLACEBO formulation (no NaF or TMP) and a commercial formulation (Duraphat), as described in Chapter 1. The effects of these varnishes on the remineralization of caries-like lesions, as well as on the demineralization of sound enamel were assessed on Chapters 2 and 3, respectively, using pH-cycling models. Finally, the remineralizing effect of PLACEBO, 5% NaF and 5% NaF/5% TMP was evaluated using and in situ protocol (Chapter 4). Specimens were analyzed by surface hardness (SH), percentage of SH recovery (%SHR), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), polarized light microscopy, as well as firmly and loosely (CaF2) bound fluoride. A dose-response relationship was observed between NaF and TMP concentrations in the formulations and the amount of F and P released into artificial saliva. Although a partial inhibitory effect on F and P release was observed in the presence of the two salts, a synergistic effect was observed in %SHR and ΔKHN on the remineralization of caries-like lesions, as well as on the reduction of sound enamel demineralization (SH e ΔKHN) for varnishes containing NaF e TMP. Under both conditions, the protective effect of the 5% NaF/5% TMP varnish was significantly higher than the other groups in vitro. The same pattern was confirmed in situ on the remineralization carious enamel. Firmly and loosely bound fluoride were contradictorily lower for varnishes containing TMP when compared with their counterparts without TMP. Based on the above, it was concluded that TMP-supplemented fluoride varnishes were able...
Assuntos
Desmineralização , Esmalte Dentário , Fluoretos , Fluoretos Tópicos , Polifosfatos , Remineralização DentáriaRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de vernizes fluoretados suplementados com Trimetafosfato de Sódio (TMP) sobre a desmineralização e remineralização do esmalte dentário. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em 4 capítulos. Inicialmente foi avaliada a liberação de fluoreto (F) e fosfato (P) em soluções de saliva artificial (24 h) após aplicação de vernizes contendo 2,5% NaF, 5% NaF, 5% TMP, 2,5% NaF/5% TMP, 5% NaF/5% TMP, além de uma formulação placebo (sem NaF e TMP) e um verniz comercial (Duraphat), descrito no Capítulo 1. Os efeitos destes vernizes sobre a remineralização de lesões de cárie artificial, bem como sobre a desmineralização do esmalte hígido foram avaliados, respectivamente, nos Capítulos 2 e 3, em modelos de ciclagem de pH. Por fim, o potencial remineralizador dos vernizes placebo, 5% NaF e 5% NaF/5% TMP foi avaliado em um protocolo in situ (Capítulo 4). Os espécimes foram avaliados quanto a dureza de superfície (SH), porcentagem de recuperação de SH (%SHR), dureza em secção longitudinal (ΔKHN), microscopia de luz polarizada, bem como a quantidade de CaF2 e fluoreto fortemente ligado ao esmalte. Uma relação dose-resposta entre a quantidade de NaF e TMP nos vernizes e a liberação de F e P nas soluções de saliva artificial foi observada. Embora um efeito inibitório parcial na liberação de F e P tenha sido observado na presença dos dois sais, um efeito sinérgico foi observado na %SHR e ΔKHN na remineralização de lesões de cárie, bem como na redução da desmineralização (SH e ΔKHN) do esmalte hígido para vernizes contendo NaF e TMP. Em ambas as situações, o efeito protetor do verniz contendo 5% NaF/5% TMP foi significativamente maior que os demais grupos in vitro. Este padrão foi confirmado em um protocolo in situ sobre a remineralização do esmalte cariado. A formação de CaF2 e incorporação de fluoreto no esmalte foi, contraditoriamente, menor para vernizes contendo TMP em comparação aos vernizes contendo mesma concentração de F...
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of fluoridated varnishes supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization and remineralization. For this purpose, the study was divided into 4 chapters. First, the amount of fluoride (F) and phosphate (P) released in artificial saliva solutions (24 h) were measured after the application of varnishes containing 2.5% NaF, 5% NaF, 5% TMP, 2.5% NaF/5% TMP, 5% NaF/5% TMP, besides a PLACEBO formulation (no NaF or TMP) and a commercial formulation (Duraphat), as described in Chapter 1. The effects of these varnishes on the remineralization of caries-like lesions, as well as on the demineralization of sound enamel were assessed on Chapters 2 and 3, respectively, using pH-cycling models. Finally, the remineralizing effect of PLACEBO, 5% NaF and 5% NaF/5% TMP was evaluated using and in situ protocol (Chapter 4). Specimens were analyzed by surface hardness (SH), percentage of SH recovery (%SHR), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), polarized light microscopy, as well as firmly and loosely (CaF2) bound fluoride. A dose-response relationship was observed between NaF and TMP concentrations in the formulations and the amount of F and P released into artificial saliva. Although a partial inhibitory effect on F and P release was observed in the presence of the two salts, a synergistic effect was observed in %SHR and ΔKHN on the remineralization of caries-like lesions, as well as on the reduction of sound enamel demineralization (SH e ΔKHN) for varnishes containing NaF e TMP. Under both conditions, the protective effect of the 5% NaF/5% TMP varnish was significantly higher than the other groups in vitro. The same pattern was confirmed in situ on the remineralization carious enamel. Firmly and loosely bound fluoride were contradictorily lower for varnishes containing TMP when compared with their counterparts without TMP. Based on the above, it was concluded that TMP-supplemented fluoride varnishes were able...
Assuntos
Humanos , Desmineralização , Esmalte Dentário , Fluoretos , Fluoretos Tópicos , Polifosfatos , Remineralização DentáriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess in vivo the therapeutic effect of three fluoride varnishes available in the Brazilian market on the performance of white spot lesions (WSL). The sample included 36 children aged 7 to 13 years old, with a total of 67 active WSL in permanent anterior teeth. The children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to fluoride varnish used: FL- Fluorniz (n=24), DUO - Duofluorid XII (n=22) and DF - Durafluor (n=21). Maximum WSL dimensions (mesiodistal and incisogingival) were measured in millimeters by a previously calibrated single examiner using a periodontal probe. WSL were also assessed regarding lesion activity. Initial and final S-OHI (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) scores were recorded. Pearson's chi-square test revealed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the performance of the varnishes. At the end of the 5th week, FL had 6 active and 18 inactive WSL; DUO had 7 active and 15 inactive WSL; and DL had 6 active and 15 inactive WSL. Taking into account all lesions, there was a 45.7 percent reduction in WSL dimensions. Paired Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the initial size (1.88) and final size (1.02). After four applications, all varnishes obtained similar clinical results.
O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar in vivo o efeito terapêutico de 3 vernizes fluoretados disponíveis no mercado brasileiro em lesões de mancha branca (MB). A amostra foi composta de 36 crianças entre 7 e 13 anos, portadoras de 67 MB ativas em elementos dentários permanentes anteriores. As crianças foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos FL - Fluorniz (n=24), DUO - Duofluorid XII (n=22) e DF - Durafluor (n=21). A dimensão máxima da MB (mésio-distal e cérvico-incisal) foi mensurada em milímetros por um único examinador previamente calibrado através de uma sonda periodontal. Em adição, foi verificada a atividade da MB. O IHO-S (Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado) inicial e final foi registrado. O teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson mostrou não existir diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) no comportamento dos vernizes estudados. No final da 5ª semana o FL apresentava 6 MB ativas e 18 inativas, DUO 7 MB ativas e 15 inativas e DF 6 MB ativas e 15 inativas. Levando em consideração o grupo total, houve uma redução de 45,7 por cento da dimensão das manchas brancas. O teste T pareado revelou uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre o tamanho inicial (1,88) e final (1,02). Após 4 aplicações, todos os vernizes apresentaram resultados clínicos semelhantes.