RESUMO

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of cocoa bran in the diet of lambs and its effect on reproductive parameters. For this, 40 lambs were randomly assigned to four treatments, and including 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels of cocoa bran in the concentrate. Blood was collected to measure cholesterol and testosterone and semen for physical and morphological evaluation; testicular biometry and morphometry were also evaluated. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in body weight and tubulosomatic index between the lambs in the control treatment and those in the 30% cocoa bran treatment. There was no difference in testicular biometry, physical and morphological parameters of fresh semen, testicular morphometry, and volumetric ratio between lambs in all the treatments (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in plasma cholesterol or testosterone concentration (P > 0.05). Thus, it is possible to include up to 30% of cocoa bran in diet without affecting the reproductive parameters of lambs.

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RESUMO

The goal of this study was to investigate the age-related differences in testosterone concentration and its relation to testicular biometrics, testicular blood flow, and fertility in alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Fifteen alpaca males with different ages (young (YM; ~12-14 mo.), n = 5; intermediate (IM; ~24 mo.), n = 5; and old (OM; ≥36 mo.), n = 5) were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were taken from each alpaca male and the circulating plasmatic testosterone concentration (TC; ng/mL) was determined using ELISA analysis. The testicular traits related to bio-morphometric parameters (the length (L), width (W), area (A), and volume (TV)) were assessed using B-mode ultrasonography. Pulse-wave/power Doppler ultrasonography was used to obtain the circulatory dynamic values (testicular hemodynamics) before the beginning of natural service mating. Significant differences were observed in TC among the age groups, increasing as the age of the males increased (2.47 ± 0.31, 8.45 ± 1.53, and 22.66 ± 2.15 for YM, IM, and OM, respectively; p < 0.05); however, no differences were observed regarding the testicular B-mode ultrasonographic parameters (L, W, and A) (p > 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between TV and testicular L, W, and A (r = 0.96, r = 0.95, and r = 0.96, respectively; p ≤ 0.001). Pulse-wave-Doppler-derived parameters such as the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI), as well as the total vascularity area (TVA) assessed by power Doppler, were similar in all of the age groups studied (p > 0.05). General linear model (GLM) analysis showed a relationship between TC and TV (OR = 0.95; p = 0.04), as well as between TC and TVA (OR = 0.99; p= 0.02). Finally, no differences were observed regarding the pregnancy rate among the different age groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, TC increased as the age of the alpaca males increased. Although TC was related to TV and TVA, the pregnancy rates obtained from individuals belonging to the different age groups were similar, indicating that TC, TV, and TVA were not determining factors in assessing the potential age-related fertility differences in alpaca males.

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of immunocastration in lambs using testicular morphometry. Thirty lambs were randomly divided into two treatments (subcutaneous administration of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL of an anti-GnRH vaccine) and a control group (1.0 mL saline solution). The animals were vaccinated at four months of age, received a second dose 30 days later, and were slaughtered 90 days after the first vaccine dose. After slaughter, testicles were collected, and samples were removed for histological processing and evaluation of testicular morphometric parameters. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed, with a 5% level of significance. There was a reduction in testicular weight, gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, leydigosomatic index, and total tubule length. The total length per testicular gram increased in the immunocastrated group. Intrinsic spermatogenesis yield, Sertoli cell indices, and estimates of sperm and Sertoli cell production were reduced in the immunized groups (P < 0.05). The anti-GnRH vaccine in lambs at doses of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL is sufficient to promote immunocastration, verified through severe changes in testicular morphometry from animals.

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of immunocastration in lambs using testicular morphometry. Thirty lambs were randomly divided into two treatments (subcutaneous administration of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL of an anti-GnRH vaccine) and a control group (1.0 mL saline solution). The animals were vaccinated at four months of age, received a second dose 30 days later, and were slaughtered 90 days after the first vaccine dose. After slaughter, testicles were collected, and samples were removed for histological processing and evaluation of testicular morphometric parameters. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed, with a 5% level of significance. There was a reduction in testicular weight, gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, leydigosomatic index, and total tubule length. The total length per testicular gram increased in the immunocastrated group. Intrinsic spermatogenesis yield, Sertoli cell indices, and estimates of sperm and Sertoli cell production were reduced in the immunized groups (P < 0.05). The anti-GnRH vaccine in lambs at doses of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL is sufficient to promote immunocastration, verified through severe changes in testicular morphometry from animals.(AU)

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The objective was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with the detoxified castor bean cake on testicular morphometry and spermatogenesis of sheep. Were used 24 uncastrated, 9-month old sheep weighing 29±0.8 kg they were randomly distributed among three treatments: T1 = 0%, T2 = 50%, and T3 = 100% substitution of soybean meal with detoxified castor bean cake. The animals were fed with Aruana grass pastage (Panicum maximum Aruana) and a ration for 90 days. After slaughtering, the testicles were collected and histological slides were prepared with tissue fragments. The data were evaluated for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and analysis of variance was carried out at 5% level of significance. Substitution of soybean meal with detoxified castor bean cake had no effect on any of the assessed variables at the tested levels (P >0.05). The mean yield of spermatogenesis was 72.91 rounded spermatids per spermatogonium; the mean of total number of germ cells held by a Sertoli cell was 12.09; the mean of the testicular spermatic reserve was 31.82×109 and that per testicular gram was 238.28×106; the mean of daily spermatic production was 3.03×109 and that per testicular gram was 22.69×106; and the total number of Sertoli cells was 4.15×109 and that per testicular gram was 34.51×106. The results show that it is possible to replace 100% of the soybean meal with detoxified castor bean cake in sheep diet without any effects on spermatogenesis; however, it is important to perform seminal evaluations in future studies.

O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada sobre a espermatogênese em ovinos. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos, com peso médio de 29±0,8kg e 9 meses de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: T1= 0%, T2= 50% e T3= 100% de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada. Os animais foram alimentados com pastagem de capim Aruana (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) e ração durante 90 dias. Por ocasião do abate, coletou-se os testículos para mensurações e avaliação da espermatogênese. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk e utilizou-se a Análise de Variância com 5% de significância. Não houve efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada nos níveis testados (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas. O rendimento médio da espermatogênese foi de 72,91 espermátides arredondadas produzidas a partir de uma espermatogônia; a média do número total de células germinativas sustentadas por uma de célula de Sertoli foi 12,09; a média da reserva espermática testicular total foi de 31,82x109 e de 238,28x106 por grama de testículo; a média da produção espermática diária foi de 3,03x109 e de 22,69x106 por grama de testículo e o número total de células de Sertoli foi de 4,15x109 e de 34,51x106 por grama de testículo. Os resultados demonstram que é possível substituir 100% do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada na dieta de ovinos sem prejuízos no processo de espermatogênese.

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RESUMO

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that induces reproductive toxicity by generating reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress. Euterpe oleracea fruits are known for being rich in oils containing triacylglycerol and phenolic compounds. They are considered as potent antioxidants to be used to counteract Cd effects within the testis. In the present study, adult males Swiss mice were treated with CdCl2 aqueous solution (4.28 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days. The experimental groups were treated with Euterpe oleracea oil at the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, for 42 days. The results showed that Cd intoxication led to increased tubular pathologies, such as reduction in epithelium height and area thus increasing both luminal diameter and tubule-epithelium ratio. Besides, Leydig cell's morphometry indicated reduction in nucleus and cytoplasm volumes of this cell type, which were recovered after E. oleracea oil intake. In addition, serum testosterone levels, testicular Mn and Zn concentrations, SOD and CAT activity, and germ cell viability increased after oil intake. Therefore, E. oleracea oil showed a regenerative effect in the testicular parenchyma negatively affected by Cd, mainly in the animals that received the highest oil concentration (150 mg/kg).

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with the detoxified castor bean cake on testicular morphometry and spermatogenesis of sheep. Were used 24 uncastrated, 9-month old sheep weighing 29±0.8 kg they were randomly distributed among three treatments: T1 = 0%, T2 = 50%, and T3 = 100% substitution of soybean meal with detoxified castor bean cake. The animals were fed with Aruana grass pastage (Panicum maximum Aruana) and a ration for 90 days. After slaughtering, the testicles were collected and histological slides were prepared with tissue fragments. The data were evaluated for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and analysis of variance was carried out at 5% level of significance. Substitution of soybean meal with detoxified castor bean cake had no effect on any of the assessed variables at the tested levels (P >0.05). The mean yield of spermatogenesis was 72.91 rounded spermatids per spermatogonium; the mean of total number of germ cells held by a Sertoli cell was 12.09; the mean of the testicular spermatic reserve was 31.82×109 and that per testicular gram was 238.28×106; the mean of daily spermatic production was 3.03×109 and that per testicular gram was 22.69×106; and the total number of Sertoli cells was 4.15×109 and that per testicular gram was 34.51×106. The results show that it is possible to replace 100% of the soybean meal with detoxified castor bean cake in sheep diet without any effects on spermatogenesis; however, it is important to perform seminal evaluations in future studies.(AU)

O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada sobre a espermatogênese em ovinos. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos, com peso médio de 29±0,8kg e 9 meses de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: T1= 0%, T2= 50% e T3= 100% de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada. Os animais foram alimentados com pastagem de capim Aruana (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) e ração durante 90 dias. Por ocasião do abate, coletou-se os testículos para mensurações e avaliação da espermatogênese. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk e utilizou-se a Análise de Variância com 5% de significância. Não houve efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada nos níveis testados (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas. O rendimento médio da espermatogênese foi de 72,91 espermátides arredondadas produzidas a partir de uma espermatogônia; a média do número total de células germinativas sustentadas por uma de célula de Sertoli foi 12,09; a média da reserva espermática testicular total foi de 31,82x109 e de 238,28x106 por grama de testículo; a média da produção espermática diária foi de 3,03x109 e de 22,69x106 por grama de testículo e o número total de células de Sertoli foi de 4,15x109 e de 34,51x106 por grama de testículo. Os resultados demonstram que é possível substituir 100% do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada na dieta de ovinos sem prejuízos no processo de espermatogênese.(AU)

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RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological, morphometric and functional aspects of spermatogenesis based on reproductive conditions of Nellore bulls. The study used 25 bulls Bos indicus (Nellore), which were classified as satisfactory (n=10) and unsatisfactory (n=15) for reproduction. After orchiectomy, fragments of the right testis of each animal were processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The slides were analyzed in bright field microscopy at different magnifications. The tubular segments were classified into four levels (normal, mild and moderate degeneration, severe degeneration, and tubular hypoplasia) based on the organization and architecture of the tubular tissue. The average height of the seminiferous epithelium, the average thickness of propria tunic and the average tubular diameter were obtained and the proportion of seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue, lymphatic vessel and blood vessel of each bull testicle were recorded. Furthermore, the frequency of the three classifications of the spermatogenic cycle A, B and C (A = group of stages I, II, and III which comprise the initial phases of the cycle and mitotic proliferation, B = group of stages IV and V, which comprise intermediate phases and intensive mitosis, C = group stages VI, VII and VIII which comprise the final phases and post-meiosis) was compared. The results showed that the degenerative changes in germ cells are associated withhistomorphometric variations, including those in the density of the structures that comprise the testicular parenchyma, and are more representative in bulls with poor semen quality. In addition, the unsatisfactory bulls for reproduction showed reduced meiotic potential compared to that of satisfactory reproductive bulls.

O objetivo neste estudo foi de avaliar aspectos morfológicos, morfométricos e funcionais da espermatogênese com base na condição reprodutiva seminal em touros Nelore. Foram utilizados 25 touros Bos indicus (Nelore), os quais foram classificados em aptos (n=10) e inaptos (n=15) à reprodução. Após orquiectomia, fragmentos do testículo direito de cada animal foram processados segundo técnicas de rotina e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e Ácido Periódico de Shiff (PAS). As lâminas foram analisadas em microscopia de campo claro em diferentes aumentos. Os segmentos tubulares foram classificados em quatro níveis (normal, degeneração leve e moderada, degeneração acentuada, e hipoplasia tubular) baseados na organização e arquitetura do tecido tubular. Foi obtida a média da altura do epitélio seminífero, da espessura da túnica própria e do diâmetro tubular dos segmentos e foi registrada a proporção de túbulo seminífero, tecido intersticial, vaso linfático e vaso sanguíneo dos testículos de cada touro. Além disso, quantificou-se a frequência das três classificações do ciclo espermatogênico A, B e C (A=agrupamento dos estágios I,II, e III que compreendem as fases iniciais do ciclo e proliferações mitóticas; B= agrupamento dos estágios IV e V que compreendem as fases intermediárias e intensas mitoses; C= agrupamento dos estágios VI, VII e VIII que compreendem as fases finais e de pós-meioses). Os resultados demonstraram que as alterações de caráter degenerativonas células germinativas estão associadas a variações nos padrões histomorfométricos incluindo a densidade das estruturas que compõem o parênquima testicular e são mais representativas em touros com baixa qualidade seminal. Além disso, os touros inaptos apresentaram redução no potencial meiótico quando comparados aos touros aptos à reprodução.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological, morphometric and functional aspects of spermatogenesis based on reproductive conditions of Nellore bulls. The study used 25 bulls Bos indicus (Nellore), which were classified as satisfactory (n=10) and unsatisfactory (n=15) for reproduction. After orchiectomy, fragments of the right testis of each animal were processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The slides were analyzed in bright field microscopy at different magnifications. The tubular segments were classified into four levels (normal, mild and moderate degeneration, severe degeneration, and tubular hypoplasia) based on the organization and architecture of the tubular tissue. The average height of the seminiferous epithelium, the average thickness of propria tunic and the average tubular diameter were obtained and the proportion of seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue, lymphatic vessel and blood vessel of each bull testicle were recorded. Furthermore, the frequency of the three classifications of the spermatogenic cycle A, B and C (A = group of stages I, II, and III which comprise the initial phases of the cycle and mitotic proliferation, B = group of stages IV and V, which comprise intermediate phases and intensive mitosis, C = group stages VI, VII and VIII which comprise the final phases and post-meiosis) was compared. The results showed that the degenerative changes in germ cells are associated withhistomorphometric variations, including those in the density of the structures that comprise the testicular parenchyma, and are more representative in bulls with poor semen quality. In addition, the unsatisfactory bulls for reproduction showed reduced meiotic potential compared to that of satisfactory reproductive bulls.(AU)

O objetivo neste estudo foi de avaliar aspectos morfológicos, morfométricos e funcionais da espermatogênese com base na condição reprodutiva seminal em touros Nelore. Foram utilizados 25 touros Bos indicus (Nelore), os quais foram classificados em aptos (n=10) e inaptos (n=15) à reprodução. Após orquiectomia, fragmentos do testículo direito de cada animal foram processados segundo técnicas de rotina e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e Ácido Periódico de Shiff (PAS). As lâminas foram analisadas em microscopia de campo claro em diferentes aumentos. Os segmentos tubulares foram classificados em quatro níveis (normal, degeneração leve e moderada, degeneração acentuada, e hipoplasia tubular) baseados na organização e arquitetura do tecido tubular. Foi obtida a média da altura do epitélio seminífero, da espessura da túnica própria e do diâmetro tubular dos segmentos e foi registrada a proporção de túbulo seminífero, tecido intersticial, vaso linfático e vaso sanguíneo dos testículos de cada touro. Além disso, quantificou-se a frequência das três classificações do ciclo espermatogênico A, B e C (A=agrupamento dos estágios I,II, e III que compreendem as fases iniciais do ciclo e proliferações mitóticas; B= agrupamento dos estágios IV e V que compreendem as fases intermediárias e intensas mitoses; C= agrupamento dos estágios VI, VII e VIII que compreendem as fases finais e de pós-meioses). Os resultados demonstraram que as alterações de caráter degenerativonas células germinativas estão associadas a variações nos padrões histomorfométricos incluindo a densidade das estruturas que compõem o parênquima testicular e são mais representativas em touros com baixa qualidade seminal. Além disso, os touros inaptos apresentaram redução no potencial meiótico quando comparados aos touros aptos à reprodução.(AU)

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RESUMO

Reproductive tract of 12 camels (Camelus dromedarius) were used to evaluate testicular morphometry. The testicular morphometric characteristics measured were scrotal circumference (in situ), paired testis weight, epididymal weight and mean epididymal length, testis volume, and testis density. There were no significant difference (p >0.05) between the left and right organs, but there were numerical differences between all the parameters. A highly significant positive correlations (p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001) exist between the scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal morphometry, except for testis density which is non- significant (p >0.05). It was concluded that testicular morphometry would provide reliable information in predicting sperm production of camels in the semi arid environment.

El tracto reproductivo de 12 camellos (Camelus dromedarius) fue utilizado para evaluar la morfometría testicular. Las características morfométricas testiculares medidas fueron la circunferencia escrotal (in situ), peso testicular pareado, peso epididimario y longitud media del epidídimo, volumen y densidad testicular. No hubo diferencias significativas (p> 0,05) entre los órganos del lado izquierdo y derecho, aunque se observaron diferencias numéricas entre todos los parámetros. Correlaciones positivas altamente significativas (p <0,05, p <0,01, y p <0,001) existen entre la circunferencia escrotal, morfometría testicular y del epidídimo, a excepción de la densidad testicular que no fue significativa (p> 0,05). Se concluyó que la morfometría testicular podría proporcionar información fiable para predecir la producción espermática de camellos en el ambiente semiárido.

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RESUMO

The effects of season on the morphometric characteristics of the reproductive organs of the pubertal West African Dwarf buck in its native humid tropical environment were investigated. All morphometric characteristics as well as the derivations from both testicular and epididymal morphometry were unaffected by season (p<0.05). There were however, highly significant correlations (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) between body weight and testicular as well as epididymal morphometry. The results also showed that both testicular and epididymal morphometric characteristics in the pubertal buck are highly predictable from body weight and as such lend ground for the early selection of good sires from records of their growth rate. The non effect of season on both testicular and epididymal morphometry in this work generally demonstrates that there might be no restricted breeding season for the West African dwarf buck in its native humid tropical environment.

Se estudiaron los efectos que tiene la estación sobre las características morfométricas de los órganos reproductivos de la cabra enana macho del Oeste africano en su medio ambiente tropical húmedo. Todas las características morfométricas, como también las derivaciones de la morfología de ambos testículos y espidídimos, no fueron afectadas por la estación (p<0.05). Sin embargo, hubo, correlaciones altamente significativas (p<0.05, p<0.01 y p<0.01) entre el peso del cuerpo y del testículo así como la morfometría epididimaria. Los resultados también mostraron que las características morfométricas del testículo y epidídimo en la cabra enana macho púber son altamente predecibles, conociendo el peso del cuerpo, lo que permitiría una temprana selección de buenos padres sementales a partir del registro de sus rasgos de crecimiento. La ausencia de efectos estacionales sobre la morfometría del testículo y epidídimo que se observó en este trabajo, demostró que allí no debería restringirse la época de cría de la cabra enana del Oeste africano en su ambiente nativo tropical.

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