RESUMO

Phoebella Lane, 1966 is a Neotropical genus of flat-faced longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Hemilophini) with three species. Here, a new species, Phoebella queirozae sp. nov., is described from the state of Ceará (Brazil). The male terminalia of Phoebella phoebe (Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1825) is described for the first time. The external morphology and male terminalia of the new species and P. phoebe are compared, and the value of male terminalia characters in the taxonomy of longhorned beetles is briefly discussed.

Assuntos

Besouros , Masculino , Animais , Brasil , Genitália Masculina

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 is a small cosmopolitan genus which encompasses 16 described species. In the Neotropical region there are records of only two species, P. costaricana Duda, 1925 and P. nephelea Wheeler, 1968. In this paper, we describe the first 19 new species from South America - P. itatiaiensis n. sp., P. blauthae n. sp., P. rafaeli n. sp., P. boldrinii n. sp., P. roraimensis n. sp., P. amazonensis n. sp., P. moratoi n. sp., P. mineira n. sp., P. leonensis n. sp., P. marinhoi n. sp., P. viscondedemauaensis n. sp., P. pedraseladensis n. sp., P. vicenziae n. sp., P. pallidifacies n. sp., P. acreensis n. sp., P. mantiqueira n. sp., P. maculosa n. sp., P. melana n. sp., P. puri n. sp. - based on morphological traits. A distribution map and a taxonomic key for male imagoes of the Neotropical species was also produced. By adding 19 new species, we establish the Neotropical region as the biogeographical region with the most known diversity in the world for the genus.

RESUMO

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat associated to neurological disorders in adults and microcephaly in children born to infected mothers. No vaccine or drug is available against ZIKV. We herein report the anti-ZIKV activity of 36 plant extracts containing polyphenols and/or triterpenes. ZIKV-infected Vero CCL-81 cells were treated with samples at non-cytotoxic concentrations, determined by MTT and LDH assays. One third of the extracts elicited concentration-dependent anti-ZIKV effect, with viral loads reduction from 0.4 to 3.8 log units. The 12 active extracts were tested on ZIKV-infected SH-SY5Y cells and significant reductions of viral loads (in log units) were induced by Maytenus ilicifolia (4.5 log), Terminalia phaeocarpa (3.7 log), Maytenus rigida (1.7 log) and Echinodorus grandiflorus (1.7 log) extracts. Median cytotoxic concentration (CC50 ) of these extracts in Vero cells were higher than in SH-SY5Y lineage. M. ilicifolia (IC50 =16.8±10.3 µg/mL, SI=3.4) and T. phaeocarpa (IC50 =22.0±6.8 µg/mL, SI=4.8) were the most active extracts. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of M. ilicifolia extract led to the identification of 7 triterpenes, of which lupeol and a mixture of friedelin/friedelinol showed no activity against ZIKV. The composition of T. phaeocarpa extract comprises phenolic acids, ellagitannins and flavonoids, as recently reported by us. In conclusion, the anti-ZIKV activity of 12 plant extracts is here described for the first time and polyphenols and triterpenes were identified as the probable bioactive constituents of T. phaeocarpa and M. ilicifolia, respectively.

Assuntos

Neuroblastoma , Triterpenos , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Animais , Criança , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Neuroblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Células Vero , Infecção por Zika virus/tratamento farmacológico

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: species of Terminalia (Combretaceae) are used to treat diabetes and metabolic disorders in Asia, Africa, and America. Terminalia phaeocarpa Eichler is an endemic tree from Brazil, popularly known as capitão. This species is closely related to Terminalia argentea Mart., also vulgarly known as capitão, a native but not endemic tree. Due to their phenotype similarity, these species might eventually prove inseparable and they are indistinctly used by locals to treat diabetes, among other diseases. The potential antidiabetic effect of T. argentea has been previously reported, whereas the biological effects and chemical composition of T. phaeocarpa have never been addressed so far. AIM OF THE STUDY: investigate the hypoglycaemic effect of an ethanol extract (EE) of T. phaeocarpa leaves and its ethyl acetate (FrEtOAc) and hydromethanolic (FrMEOH) fractions, in addition to their activity on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibition of lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, it aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the extract and fractions, seeking to identify the compounds related to the biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect on the release of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and CCL-2 was evaluated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells (ATCC TIB-202). The inhibition of lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was tested in vitro, whereas the hypoglycemic effect was assayed in the oral starch tolerance test. The chemical composition was investigated by extensive UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analyses. RESULTS: The extract and derived fractions reduced TNF-α (EE pIC50 = 4.58 ± 0.01; FrEtOAc pIC50 = 4.69 ± 0.01; FrMeOH pIC50 = 4.54 ± 0.02) and IL-1ß (EE pIC50 = 4.86 ± 0.02; FrEtOAc pIC50 = 4.86 ± 0.02; FrMeOH pIC50 = 4.75 ± 0.01) release by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the inhibitory effect on CCL-2 release did not reach a clear linear relationship for the tested concentrations. The extract and fractions also inhibited in vitro the activity of lipase (EE pIC50 = 3.97 ± 0.12; FrEtOAc pIC50 = 3.87 ± 0.04; FrMeOH pIC50 = 3.67 ± 0.14), α-amylase (EE pIC50 = 4.46 ± 0.27; FrEtOAc pIC50 = 5.47 ± 0.27; FrMeOH pIC50 = 4.26 ± 0.22), and α-glucosidase (EE pIC50 = 5.46 ± 0.05; FrEtOAc pIC50 = 5.79 ± 0.11; FrMeOH pIC50 = 5.74 ± 0.05). The pIC50 values of the test samples were lower than those obtained with orlistat (7.59 ± 0.08) and acarbose (6.04 ± 0.37 and 7.63 ± 0.04) employed as the positive controls respectively in the lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase assays. When assayed in the oral starch tolerance test, the extract and fractions also reduced animal glycaemia. UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analyses of the extract and fractions led to the identification of 38 phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids, ellagitannins and flavonoids, among others, all of them first-time described for the species. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, T. phaeocarpa has hypoglycaemic activity and polyphenols are the probable bioactive compounds, which support the ethnomedical use of the species.

Assuntos

Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Terminalia/química , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química , Polifenóis/análise , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Células THP-1 , alfa-Glucosidases/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo

RESUMO

Portanus adenomari sp. nov. from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, and Maranhão is described and illustrated. It can be easily distinguished by the aedeagus with a pair of apical, slender curved processes, crossing each other medially. The previously unknown females of Portanus restingalis Felix Mejdalani, 2016 and Metacephalus facetus (Kramer, 1961), as well as the female terminalia of Metacephalus sakakibarai Souza, Takiya Felix, 2017, are also described in detail. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the ovipositor valvulae of P. restingalis are given. Comparative notes on the morphology of the female terminalia in the tribe Portanini are provided. Specimens of P. restingalis were observed feeding and resting on Bromeliaceae leaves; this is the first record of host plants for the Portanini. Metacephalus marica (Felix Mejdalani, 2016) is regarded as a junior synonym of Metacephalus longicornis (Osborn, 1923).

Assuntos

Bromeliaceae , Hemípteros , Animais , Brasil , Feminino

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae), known as "amendoeira da praia" in Brazil, has been recognized as a medicinal plant in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and other inflammatory conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the preventive and healing effects of the infusion of leaves of T. catappa (ILTC) against gastric lesions caused by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and characterize its mechanism of action in the gastric mucosa of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different doses (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) of ILTC were orally administered as acute and subacute treatments against I/R-induced gastric lesion in rats. After treatment, the stomach of rats was collected to measure the lesion area, redox parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and inflammatory parameters myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMPs 2 and 9) were assessed by zymography method to clarify the mechanisms of the healing acceleration promoted by ILTC. RESULTS: Pretreatment with ILTC (100 mg/kg) was effective in preventing the aggravation of lesions in the acute model by reducing MPO activity by 38% relative to control group, despite the lack of clarity of this action at the macroscopical level at the lesion area (p < 0.05). After three days of treatment with ILTC (30 and 100 mg/kg), this infusion significantly reduced the lesion area by 95% and 89%, respectively, compared the control (p < 0.05). The gastric healing effect of all doses of ILTC was followed by a reduction in MPO activity (decrease by 70-78%). Compared to the negative control, an improvement in gastric healing owing to treatment with ILTC was observed and this was followed by an increase in MMP-2 (20-47%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Three days of treatment with ILTC could accelerate the healing process in I/R-induced lesions in rats. By decreasing MPO levels, ILTC enabled the action of MMP-2, which led to tissue recovery in the gastric mucosa.

Assuntos

Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacos , Terminalia/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fitoterapia/métodos , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, os parâmetrosmorfométricos, o comportamento social, a viabilidade econômica e a análise microbiológica da água de cultivo e de tecidos corpóreos de Betta splendens alimentados com folha da amendoeira Terminalia catappa (FFDA) como aditivo. Foram utilizados 28 machos de Bettas, acondicionados individualmente em aquários de 1,5L, por 50 dias. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos: 0,00%; 0,25%; 0,50% e 0,75% de inclusão da FFAD e sete repetições. Ao término do experimento, foram avaliados os parâmetros: desempenho zootécnico (ganho de peso diário, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, taxa de crescimento específico e fator de condição), morfométrico (comprimento total, padrão e da cabeça, altura, índice de perfil e índice de cabeça), comportamento social, viabilidade econômica da ração, análise microbiana do conteúdo intestinal, filé e escama e análise microbiológica da água. Pela ANOVA, pelo teste de Tukey e pela regressão (P>0,05), os parâmetros: peso final, ganho de peso, comprimento padrão, comprimento total e taxa de crescimento específico foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P<0,05), apresentando um efeito quadrático. Assim, recomenda-se o nível de 0,50% de Terminalia catappa como aditivo em dietas de Betta splendens.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, morphometric parameters, social behavior, economic viability, the presence of enterobacteria in the intestinal contents and a microbiological analysis of the water culture of Betta splendens fed with almond-tree-leaf flour (ATLF) as an additive. Twenty-eight male B. splendens were individually put in 1.5 L aquariums. The experiment was done in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments: 0.00%; 0.25%; 0.50% and 0.75%, of the ATLF, dehydrated Terminalia catappa with seven repetitions each. At the end of the experimental period, the parameters were evaluated: performance (daily weight gain, feed intake, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, specific growth rate and condition factor), morphometric (total length, standard head, height, profile index and head index), social behavior, economic viability of the feed, microbial analysis of intestinal contents, fillet and scales, and microbiological analysis of the water. Though ANAVA, Tukey test and regression analysis (P> 0.05), the parameters: final weight, weight gain, standard length, total length and specific growth rate were influenced by the treatments (P< 0.05), presenting a quadratic effect. Therefore, the 0.50% level of Terminalia catappa is recommended as additive in Betta splendens diets.(AU)

Assuntos

Animais , Perciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Terminalia , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, os parâmetrosmorfométricos, o comportamento social, a viabilidade econômica e a análise microbiológica da água de cultivo e de tecidos corpóreos de Betta splendens alimentados com folha da amendoeira Terminalia catappa (FFDA) como aditivo. Foram utilizados 28 machos de Bettas, acondicionados individualmente em aquários de 1,5L, por 50 dias. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos: 0,00%; 0,25%; 0,50% e 0,75% de inclusão da FFAD e sete repetições. Ao término do experimento, foram avaliados os parâmetros: desempenho zootécnico (ganho de peso diário, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar aparente, taxa de eficiência proteica, taxa de crescimento específico e fator de condição), morfométrico (comprimento total, padrão e da cabeça, altura, índice de perfil e índice de cabeça), comportamento social, viabilidade econômica da ração, análise microbiana do conteúdo intestinal, filé e escama e análise microbiológica da água. Pela ANOVA, pelo teste de Tukey e pela regressão (P>0,05), os parâmetros: peso final, ganho de peso, comprimento padrão, comprimento total e taxa de crescimento específico foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P<0,05), apresentando um efeito quadrático. Assim, recomenda-se o nível de 0,50% de Terminalia catappa como aditivo em dietas de Betta splendens.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, morphometric parameters, social behavior, economic viability, the presence of enterobacteria in the intestinal contents and a microbiological analysis of the water culture of Betta splendens fed with almond-tree-leaf flour (ATLF) as an additive. Twenty-eight male B. splendens were individually put in 1.5 L aquariums. The experiment was done in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments: 0.00%; 0.25%; 0.50% and 0.75%, of the ATLF, dehydrated Terminalia catappa with seven repetitions each. At the end of the experimental period, the parameters were evaluated: performance (daily weight gain, feed intake, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, specific growth rate and condition factor), morphometric (total length, standard head, height, profile index and head index), social behavior, economic viability of the feed, microbial analysis of intestinal contents, fillet and scales, and microbiological analysis of the water. Though ANAVA, Tukey test and regression analysis (P> 0.05), the parameters: final weight, weight gain, standard length, total length and specific growth rate were influenced by the treatments (P< 0.05), presenting a quadratic effect. Therefore, the 0.50% level of Terminalia catappa is recommended as additive in Betta splendens diets.(AU)

Assuntos

Animais , Perciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Terminalia , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem

RESUMO

Magnumtergalis n. gen. a new genus from the Inter-Andean Valleys and midlands of the Colombian Andes' central cordillera is described. Two very peculiar species are placed within this genus, M. aldarioarenasi n. sp. (type species) and M. albonigra n. comb. An unusual terminalia to the family Gryllacrididae characterizes this genus, in which the ninth tergite is noticeably prolonged, covering the other structures of the male terminalia. This is the first genus of leaf-rolling crickets described from the Neotropics in the last 80 years.

Assuntos

Gryllidae , Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais , Animais , Colômbia , Meio Ambiente , Masculino

RESUMO

Abstract Two conspicuous Steganinae species, Stegana (Steganina) magnifica Hendel, 1913 from Amazonian Peru and Stegana (Ceratostylus) fumipennis (Enderlein, 1922) from southern Brazil, are redescribed based on holotypes, and their identities are clarified. Both species are exclusive to the Neotropical Region and the first, with a body length of about 5.5 mm, is the largest species of Stegana described so far in this region, while the latter displays a peculiar antenna bearing an unusual, forward-projected, comma-shaped flagellomere 1. The photomicrographs of the habitus and terminalia of each specimen are also provided.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Stegana (Orthostegana) acutangula (Hendel) from Bolivia and Stegana (Steganina) triseta (Duda) from Costa Rica are redescribed based on type specimens, and their identities clarified. A single syntype male of the first species (type species of the subgenus Orthostegana) is designated as a lectotype and one male out of the four Costa Rican syntypes (3 males, 1 female) of the latter species was selected as a lectotype of the Steganina subgenus. The other three (2 males, 1 female) specimens were designated as paralectotypes. All four males were dissected and their terminalia were photomicrographed. The two male Stegana triseta paralectotypes proved to belong to two unknown species closely related to Stegana acutangula, described here as Stegana dudai sp. nov. and Stegana turrialba sp. nov., and another male specimen, collected at Parque Nacional Yasuní, provinces of Napo/Orellana, Ecuador, is described as Stegana yasuni sp. nov. Additionally, we have included photomicrographs of the habitus of the type specimens as well as of some nontype specimens from Peru and Costa Rica. Based on the descriptions herein we not only clarified the status of these five species but also propose including all of them in the subgenus Orthostegana.

RESUMO

Hirtodrosophila Duda, 1923 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) is a worldwide genus associated with fungi that encompasses 30 Neotropical species. They are gathered into four clusters: glabrifrons species group (Burla 1956), hirticornis species group (Burla 1956), magnarcus species group (Frota-Pessoa 1951), and thoracis species group (Grimaldi 1987), although there are still some ungrouped species. Nevertheless, their species richness is highly underestimated, and several unknown species of the genus have been sampled in different Brazilian regions. The known Neotropical flies of the hirticornis group belong to a set of four yellow sibling species, which are very difficult to identify based only on external morphology, a fact that partially explains the knowledge gap regarding ecology, biology, and evolution of the group. However, these species are easily sampled around some fungi fruiting bodies, particularly over Auricularia spp. (Auriculariales, Auriculariaceae). In the last years, we collected some hundreds of specimens, which allowed us to detect some common but yet undescribed species. Thus, here we describe four new Neotropical species in the hirticornis group.

Assuntos

Dípteros , Drosophilidae , Animais , Brasil

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Mycodrosophila is a cosmopolitan genus of Drosophilidae that comprises approximately 130 species with mycophagous habitats. In this study, we described a new species of Mycodrosophila based on morphological traits and included details of the male terminalia. The holotype is from Eugênio Lefévre, locality in Campos do Jordão municipality, SP, Brazil, located in the Atlantic rainforest biome and was sampled in the 1930s.

RESUMO

Abstract Rhinoleucophenga pallidaHendel, 1917 (type species of the genus) is redescribed based on its female holotype and a male from a nearby locality, and Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew, 1872) on its two syntypes, which are designated as the male lectotype and a female paralectotype. Both are valid species. A proposal is made to establish the genus Pseudophortica Sturtevant, 1918 (type species R. obesa), a junior synonym of Rhinoleucophenga, to subgenus rank and include all species of Rhinoleucophenga described or redescribed from males except R. pallida, which is unique in having a remarkable pedunculate surstylus, among other differences. The North American R. obesa is compared to its closest sibling, the South American species Rhinoleucophenga gigantea (Thomson, 1869). The occurrence of R. obesa in Brazil is also questioned, as suggested long ago by Marshall R. Wheeler. The specimens from Brazil previously identified as such most probably belong to the new species described in the present paper as Rhinoleucophenga (Pseudophortica) cantareira sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Estadual da Cantareira, City of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil). Numerous photomicrographs of their habitus and male terminalia taken with a Smartphone's rear camera and digitally stacked to create images with greater depth of focus are provided.

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Folk knowledge transmitted between generations allows traditional populations to maintain the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of several diseases. In this context, the species Terminalia fagifolia Mart., native to Brazil, is used for the treatment of chronic and infectious diseases. Plants rich in secondary metabolites, such as this species and their derivatives, may represent therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of diseases that reduce the quality of life of people. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of T. fagifolia, with in silico study of the major compound of the fraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The phytochemical study of the aqueous fraction was performed by HPLC, LC/MS and NMR. The antifungal activity was evaluated against yeasts, by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration. The effect on Candida albicans was analyzed by AFM. The antibiofilm potential against biofilms of C. albicans was also tested. The anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous fraction was evaluated in vivo by the carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis. A microglial model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation was also studied. Further insights on the activation mechanism were studied using quantum chemistry computer simulations. Toxicity was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella and human erythrocytes models. RESULTS: Eschweilenol C was identified as the major constituent of the aqueous fraction of the ethanolic extract of T. fagifolia. The aqueous fraction was active against all Candida strains used (sensitive and resistant to Fluconazole) with MICs ranging from 1000 to 0.4 µg/mL. By AFM it was possible to observe morphological alterations in treated Candida cells. The fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited paw edema and decreased levels of malondialdehyde induced by carrageenan. In a microglial cell model, aqueous fraction demonstrated the ability to inhibit NF-κB after induction with lipopolysaccharide. The theoretical studies showed structural similarity between eschweilenol C and indomethacin and an excellent antioxidant potential. The aqueous fraction did not present toxicity in the studied models. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the aqueous fraction of T. fagifolia has potential for biomedical applications with low toxicity. This finding can be attributed to the predominance of eschweilenol C in the aqueous fraction.

Assuntos

Anti-Inflamatórios , Antifúngicos , Ácido Elágico , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis , Extratos Vegetais , Terminalia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carragenina , Cryptococcus neoformans/efeitos dos fármacos , Cryptococcus neoformans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Elágico/farmacologia , Ácido Elágico/uso terapêutico , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico

RESUMO

Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) is a plant commonly found in the regions of the Brazilian cerrado, popularly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. There are no reports in the literature on the use of T. fagifolia for the treatment of the cardiovascular system conditions. Nevertheless, plants of the same genus, such as Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn and Terminalia superba Engler & Diels, present cardioprotective, hypotensive and vasodilatating effects. In light of this, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract (Tf-EE) and of its aqueous (Tf-AQF), hexanic (Tf-HEXF) and hydroethanolic (Tf-HAF) partition fractions obtained from the stem bark of T. fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. The effects of the extract and partition fractions of T. fagifolia were evaluated on isometric tensions in the thoracic aorta rings of Wistar rats (250-300 g). Tf-EE, Tf-HEXF and Tf-HAF presented a concentration-dependent vasorelaxant effect, and Tf-AQF presented a vasorelaxant effect that was more potent in the presence of endothelium. The relaxation curves of the aorta promoted by the fraction investigated were attenuated in the presence of the following pharmacological tools: L-NAME, ODQ or PTIO. The vasorelaxant effect of the aorta promoted by Tf-AQF was attenuated in the presence of TEA and 4-AP. Tf-EE induced a concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. Tf-HAF and Tf-HEXF presented concentration-dependent and vascular-endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, but did not obtain 100% of relaxation. On the other hand, Tf-AQF presented concentration-dependent vasorelaxation that was more potent in aorta rings with vascular endothelium. The relaxant mechanism induced by the Tf-AQF involves the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway and channels Kv.

RESUMO

A complementary description for Neanopidium mexicanum Dajoz, 1975, type species of the genus, is provided based on specimens from the type locality Valle Nacional (Oaxaca, Mexico), including description and illustrations of male and female abdominal terminalia, which is provided for the first time to a Neanopidium species.

Assuntos

Animais , Besouros/classificação

RESUMO

In this study a new aphid species of the genus Lizerius Blanchard, 1923 (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae) is described. Samplings were carried out in the municipalities of Porto Ferreira and Pedregulho, state of São Paulo, Brazil, over plants of Persea americana Mill, 1768 and Terminalia brasiliensis Spreng, 1825. Morphological characteristics of apterous and alate are described and represented by drawings.

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Neste trabalho uma nova espécie de afídeo do gênero Lizerius Blanchard, 1923 (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae) é descrita. As coletas foram realizadas nos municípios de Porto Ferreira e Pedregulho, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sobre Persea americana Mill, 1768 e Terminalia brasiliensis Spreng, 1825. As características morfológicas de ápteros e alados são descritas e ilustradas.

Assuntos

Animais , Afídeos/classificação , Persea , Terminalia

RESUMO

ABSTRACT A complementary description for Neanopidium mexicanum Dajoz, 1975, type species of the genus, is provided based on specimens from the type locality Valle Nacional (Oaxaca, Mexico), including description and illustrations of male and female abdominal terminalia, which is provided for the first time to a Neanopidium species.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT In this study a new aphid species of the genus Lizerius Blanchard, 1923 (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae) is described. Samplings were carried out in the municipalities of Porto Ferreira and Pedregulho, state of São Paulo, Brazil, over plants of Persea americana Mill, 1768 and Terminalia brasiliensis Spreng, 1825. Morphological characteristics of apterous and alate are described and represented by drawings.

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RESUMO Neste trabalho uma nova espécie de afídeo do gênero Lizerius Blanchard, 1923 (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae) é descrita. As coletas foram realizadas nos municípios de Porto Ferreira e Pedregulho, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sobre Persea americana Mill, 1768 e Terminalia brasiliensis Spreng, 1825. As características morfológicas de ápteros e alados são descritas e ilustradas.