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The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus, Cuvier, 1807) (Class Reptilia, Family Crocodylidae) is a crocodile species inhabiting the Neotropics. Congenital defects have been described in almost every vertebrate group. In crocodiles, teratology alterations have been described in captive animals (pets, zoos, farms) such as Crocodylus niloticus or Gavialis gangeticus. The present study aimed to characterize congenital malformations of C. acutus from a farm in Lomas de Matunilla, Ballestas, Bolívar, Colombia. A total of 550 unhatched eggs were examined after embryo death. A total of 61 embryos presented malformations, with 42 different types of anomalies observed. Limb and tail malformations (29%) were the most common malformations observed. Several malformations, such as cephalothoracopagus, thoracopagus, sternopagus, xiphopagus twins, campylorrachis scoliosa, and acrania, were documented in crocodiles for the first time. Research in teratology enhances our understanding of crocodile biology. It plays a role in their conservation and management, thus helping to ensure the long-term viability of these species in their natural habitats.
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Several somatic and sexual anomalies such as gynandromorphism and other morphological malformations have been described in ants, but cases of supernumerary legs in natural populations are rare, with only six cases reported to date. Moreover, few cases of abnormalities have been reported for the Ponerinae subfamily, with only three cases of genetic chimeras and five teratological cases worldwide. We report here a new case of teratology in this subfamily, with a seven-legged worker pupa found in a Neoponera villosa colony nesting in an epiphytic tank bromeliad. This is the second case for Mexico of a morphological anomaly in a ponerine ant, but the first report of a teratological case in the subfamily for this country.
Assuntos
Formigas , Pupa , Animais , México , Pupa/anatomia & histologia , Extremidades/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Conjoined twins (CTs), popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are a rare anomaly due to monochorionic and monoamniotic twin pregnancies. Dicephalus dibrachius dipus, a type of parapagus conjoined twin which is characterized by possessing two arms, two legs, a single trunk and two heads, epidemiologically, is an even rarer occurrence of CTs. In this article, a rare, well-preserved anatomical specimen of a dicephalus dibrachius dipus conjoined twin is presented. This study was conducted in a specimen which is part of the collection of the Embryology Museum of the institution by donation and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC). The female conjoined twins were born at full-term by cesarean section in the 1970s and died hours after birth. A thorough anatomical description was made through observational analysis, computed tomography and 3D reconstructed images. Major abnormalities were observed in the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems. The internal anatomy exhibited a heart with three atria, two ventricles, two aortic arches, two pulmonary arteries, one innominate venous trunk and a respiratory system with two tracheas and four lungs. No other report was similar to our three atria heart description. This article provides a thorough anatomical description of all systems, which is valuable information for further studies on CTs.
Assuntos
Gêmeos Unidos , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Cesárea , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imageamento TridimensionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The consequences of mild to severe exposure to alcohol during brain development is still a matter of debate and scientific investigation. The long-term behavioural effects of ethanol exposure have been related to impaired social skills and cognition. Zebrafish have become a suitable animal model to investigate the effects of early ethanol exposure because it is very feasible to promote drug delivery during early development. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the current report is to review existing behavioural studies addressing the impact of early alcohol exposure using zebrafish to determine whether these models resemble the behavioural effects of early alcohol exposure in humans. METHODS: A comprehensive search of biomedical databases was performed using the operation order: "ZEBRAFISH AND BEHAV* AND (ETHANOL OR ALCOHOL)". The eligibility of studies was determined using the PICOS strategy, contemplating the population as zebrafish, intervention as exposure to ethanol, comparison with a non-exposed control animal, and outcomes as behavioural parameters. RESULTS: The systematic search revealed 29 scientific articles as eligible. The zebrafish is presented as a versatile animal model that is useful to study FASD short and long-term behaviour impairments, such as anxiety, impaired sociability, aggressiveness, learning problems, memory impairment, seizure susceptibility, sleep disorders, motivational problems, and addiction. CONCLUSION: This systematic review further promotes the use of zebrafish as a model system to study the pathophysiological and behavioural consequences of early alcohol exposure (PROSPERO CRD42020215072).
Assuntos
Transtornos do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol/toxicidade , Feminino , GravidezRESUMO
A taxonomic revision of the Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Biogeographical Province is presented. Liogenys now includes 92 species, including four new species described here: L. neoforcipata Cherman, new species; L. foveata Cherman, new species; L. isotarsis Cherman, new species; and L. truncata Cherman, new species; and the female of L. tarsalis Moser is described for the first time. Six new synonymies are proposed: L. denticulata Moser, 1918 is a new synonym of L. denticeps Blanchard, 1851; L. ophtalmica Frey, 1973 is a new synonym of L. bidenticeps Moser, 1919; L. mendozana incisa Frey, 1969 is a new synonym of L. mendozana Moser, 1918; L. flavicollis Blanchard, 1851 and L. fulvescens Blanchard, 1851 are new synonyms of L. pallens Blanchard, 1851; and L. densicollis Moser, 1921 is a new synonym of L. opacicollis Fairmaire, 1892. Liogenys cribricollis Moser, 1921 species status is revalidated from its synonymy with L. densicollis. A neotype is designated for Liogenys mendozana incisa Frey, 1969, as well as lectotypes for: L. bruchi Moser, 1924; L. cribricollis, L. denticulata, L. denticeps, L. fulvescens, L. latitarsis Moser, 1918; L. mendozana Moser, 1918; L. obscura Blanchard, 1851; L. opacicollis; and L. pallens. Redescriptions and/or diagnoses and updated geographical distributions are provided for 16 species. Six species previously known only from Argentina have their distribution expanded to Bolivia (L. mendozana; L. opacicollis; L. rectangula Frey, 1969), Paraguay (L. nigrofusca Moser, 1918; L. pallens), or to both of these countries (L. latitarsis).
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , FemininoRESUMO
An ocular malformation is described for the first time in the genus Loxosceles, specifically in a female of Loxosceles surca Gertsch. The specimen was collected at 3,540 m.a.s.l. in Tarapaca Region, Chile. It is the first record for this family and the first case of teratology described for spiders in this country
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This study aimed to evaluate maternal toxicity, teratogenic, and placental oxidative effects resulting from the exposure of rats to crack cocaine smoke during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were exposed either to the smoke of crack and ashes (Crack) or to the smoke of ashes alone, nonexposed or pair-fed with the Crack group. Crack group was exposed to the smoke resulting from the burning of 250 mg of crack for 10 min, twice a day, from 7 days prior to mating until cesarian on gestational day 20. Placental oxidative stress and classical parameters of maternal and fetal evaluation were studied, in addition to the morphometric analysis of the fetal metamers. Even in the absence of changes in body weight gain and feed intake, crack altered the reproductive performance of dams. Exposure to the drug promoted late closure of the fetal fontanel. Furthermore, the morphometric study of the brain mass (BM)/skull cap ratio revealed a decrease in the BM of the fetuses exposed to the drug. Exposure to crack has an oxidative potential in fetal development, since exposure to the drug promoted placental lipid peroxidation. Our study showed that daily exposure to crack, even in lower frequency than that performed by users, has a teratogenic potential.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/etiologia , Cocaína Crack/toxicidade , Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Teratogênicos/toxicidade , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/embriologia , Animais , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Placenta/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Teratogênese/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Some species of Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) were reported as crop or pasture pests. Within this genus, Cyclocephla tucumana Bréthes, 1904 was noticed in cultivated areas in South Brazil, 2009 − 2010. Other study found larvae of the species associated with pastures in Aquidauana, Mato Grasso do Sul State (MS), 2009. In the present study, larvae of C. tucumana were collected in pasture areas from August 2015 to July 2016, in Cassilândia, MS. The material was reared in laboratory for the description of immatures, and the regional population was studied to clarify its dynamics. Immatures were abundant throughout the years and are described for the first time. Taxonomic discussion, updated key to larvae and pupae, and a teratological note are also added.
RESUMO
El cadmio es un metal tóxico que produce deformaciones en el zooplancton y es considerado un peligro para el ambiente y la vida acuática. Por ello, utilizamos dos especies de zooplancton nativas de Quintana Roo, México para obtener datos sobre la toxicidad de cadmio, incluyendo la concentración umbral para alteraciones morfológicas observables y el porcentaje de organismos con alteraciones morfológicas en las concentraciones de exposición. Utilizamos el rotífero Philodina cf roseola y el oligoqueto Aeolosoma hemprichi, ya que ambos se alimentan del alga Nannochloropsis oculata. Seguidamente, ambas especies de animales fueron expuestas a un rango de concentración de cadmio de 0.05 (0.047 mg/l, concentración real) a 10.0 mg/l (9.398 mg/l, concentración real) durante 24 h. El CL50 para cadmio en P. cf roseola fue de 0.7 mg/l (0.65 mg/l, concentración real), mientras que en A. hemprichi fue de 3.38 mg/l (3.17 mg/l, concentración real). El cadmio a concentraciones de 0.5 mg/l (0.47 mg/l, concentración real) y exposición menor a 24 h, por un lado, indujo alteraciones morfológicas en la lorica de los rotíferos, deformaciones del pie y constricciones en la parte media del cuerpo. En oligoquetos, por otro lado, observamos daños en la epidermis. La concentración umbral donde las deformaciones aparecieron en rotíferos fue 0.3 mg/l (0.28 mg/l, concentración real) a las 24 h, mientras que en oligoquetos fue a 0.5 mg/l (0.47 mg/l concentración real) en 30 min. Concluimos que claramente el cadmio promueve alteraciones morfológicas en organismos acuáticos, debido a la exposición directa que se añade al medio de cultivo.
Cadmium is a toxic metal for zooplankton that produces deformations. It is also considered an environmental hazard to aquatic life. Since it has a significant effect in some marine organisms, we used two native zooplankton species from Quintana Roo, Mexico to obtain data regarding cadmium toxicity including the threshold concentration for observable morphological alterations and the percentage of organisms with morphological alterations at the exposure concentrations. We used the rotifer Philodina cf roseola and the oligochaeta Aeolosoma hemprichi, since both feed from the algae Nannochloropsis oculata. Both animals were exposed to a cadmium concentration range from 0.05 mg/l (0.047 mg/l, real concentration) to 10.0 mg/l (9.39 mg/l, real concentration) for 24 h. The LC50 for cadmium in P. cf roseola was 0.7 mg/l (0.65 mg/l, real concentration), whereas in A. hemprichi was 3.38 mg/l (3.17 mg/l, real concentration). The exposure of cadmium at 0.5 mg/l (0.47 mg/l, real concentration) for less than 24 h induced morphological alterations in the lorica of rotifers, foot deformations, and constriction in the middle part of the body. In oligochaetes, damage to the epidermis was noted. The threshold concentration where deformations appeared in rotifer was 0.3 mg/l at 24 h, while in oligochaeta was 0.5 mg/l (0.47 mg/l, real concentration) at 30 min. We concluded that cadmium promotes alterations in aquatic organisms due to direct exposure added to the culture medium.
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ABSTRACT Gynandromorphism or intersexuality is a rare condition where the individual has male and female features. In this report we described two imagoes of Farrodes xingu Domínguez et al. (1996) from Brazil presenting intersex traits. We considered the arranged sexual characters as antero-posterior and bilateral. One individual has a male head, abdomen full of eggs and the subgenital plate with a malformed outset of penes (antero-posterior), while the other individual has half of the head with a male-like turbinate eye and the other half with a regular female-like one, and with malformed male genitalia (bilateral).
RESUMO
Cynara scolymus (C.scolymus) is a plant employed worldwide as an herbal medicine. However, there is a paucity of data related to the evaluation of its toxicity in commercial preparations; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible teratogenic effect of the dry extract of C.scolymus leaves in Wistar rats. Females were treated, from gestation day (GD) 6 until GD19, with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0â¯g/kg body weight of C.scolymus extract. At GD20, a cesarean section was performed for evaluation of maternal and fetal parameters. C.scolymus did not induce changes in food consumption, preimplantation or postimplantation losses, placental weight or biochemical profile. An increase in water consumption was observed in pregnant females treated with the higher doses of C.scolymus. Experimental groups showed lower body weight gain during pregnancy and lower gravid uterus weight. Maternal body weight minus the gravid uterus weight did not result in significant differences. Reductions in fetal weight and length were observed in experimental groups. The number of live pups per litter was lower in the highest dose group. No fetal skeletal or visceral malformations were detected. The results showed that the consumption of artichoke during pregnancy clearly has a negative impact on fetuses.
Assuntos
Cynara scolymus , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Feminino , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos/efeitos dos fármacos , Troca Materno-Fetal , Folhas de Planta , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract: A Longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) embryo with a major asymmetrical morphological abnormality to its pectoral fin was obtained from commercial shrimp fisher's bycatch, off the coast of the Amazon River Mouth in northern Brazil. The specimen and the deformity, which would presumably have impeded its long-term survival, are described and documented in detail. We herein provide the first report of an abnormal individual of this species for the Brazilian coast.
Resumo: Um embrião de Arraia-bicuda Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) com uma anomalia morfológica assimétrica grave na nadadeira peitoral foi obtido como captura-acidental de um barco de pesca de camarão da costa da foz do rio Amazonas, no norte do Brasil. O indivíduo e sua deformação, que provavelmente teria impedido sua sobrevivência ao longo prazo, são descritos e documentados em detalhe. Apresentamos com esse estudo o primeiro registro de um indivíduo anormal dessa espécie para a costa do Brasil.
RESUMO
A Longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) embryo with a major asymmetrical morphological abnormality to its pectoral fin was obtained from commercial shrimp fisher's bycatch, off the coast of the Amazon River Mouth in northern Brazil. The specimen and the deformity, which would presumably have impeded its long-term survival, are described and documented in detail. We herein provide the first report of an abnormal individual of this species for the Brazilian coast.
Um embrião de Arraia-bicuda Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) com uma anomalia morfológica assimétrica grave na nadadeira peitoral foi obtido como captura-acidental de um barco de pesca de camarão da costa da foz do rio Amazonas, no norte do Brasil. O indivíduo e sua deformação, que provavelmente teria impedido sua sobrevivência ao longo prazo, são descritos e documentados em detalhe. Apresentamos com esse estudo o primeiro registro de um indivíduo anormal dessa espécie para a costa do Brasil.
RESUMO
O estudo anatômico descreve os aspectos normais da conformação de determinada espécie, ou seja, as características que ocorrem com alta frequência nesta. Desta forma, quando um evento ocorre na maioria dos indivíduos de uma espécie, ele é considerado como normal. Embora também sejam observadas as variações anatômicas, caracterizadas pela alteração no padrão normal, em anatomia, define-se variação como um pequeno desvio do aspecto morfológico normal de um órgão ou ainda o desvio do plano geral de organização de um indivíduo, eventos que em animais e humanos é bastante estudado. No presente caso, a fissura craniofacial é considerada uma anomalia congênita rara de etiologia desconhecida. A localização é geralmente em determinadas linhas das pálpebras, sobrancelhas, narinas, lábios e maxilas, atingindo partes moles e ósseas. Na medicina veterinária é pouco estudada e sua classificação está baseada nas alterações observadas em humanos baseada nas relações anatômicas. As fissuras podem-se apresentar com as características de excesso de tecido ou agenesia dos mesmos. Em humanos, dependendo do caso, o tratamento é baseado em sutura dos tecidos moles, em três planos: cutâneo, muscular e mucoso; zetaplastias; tratamento ortodôntico; enxertos ósseos, quando necessário já em animais na bibliografia consultada não foram encontrados casos com tratamento. O presente relato descreve as alterações relacionadas com uma fissura craniofacial associado à palatosquise, queilosquise, macroglossia, ausência da órbita ocular e consequentemente o globo ocular em um neonato de cão.
The anatomical study describes the normal aspects of the conformation of a certain species, that is, the characteristics that occur with high frequency in this. In this way, when an event occurs in most individuals of a species, it is considered as normal. Although anatomical variations are also observed, characterized by the alteration in the normal pattern in anatomy, it is defined as a small deviation from the normal morphological aspect of an organ or the deviation from the general plane of organization of an individual, events that in animals and humans is well studied. In the present case, craniofacial fissure is considered a rare congenital anomaly of unknown etiology. The location is usually in certain lines of eyelids, eyebrows, nostrils, lips and jaws, reaching soft and bony parts. In veterinary medicine it is little studied and its classification is based on the changes observed in humans based on the anatomical relations. The cracks may present with the characteristics of excess tissue or agenesis of the same. In humans, depending on the case, the treatment is based on suture of the soft tissues, in three planes: cutaneous, muscular and mucous; zetaplasty; orthodontic treatment; bone grafts, when necessary already in animals in the consulted bibliography there were no cases with treatment. The present report describes the changes related to a craniofacial fissure associated to palatoschisis, cheiloschisis, macroglossia, absence of the ocular orbit and consequently the eyeball in a newborn of dog.
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Cães , Anormalidades Congênitas/patologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Fissura Palatina/veterinária , Macroglossia/patologia , Macroglossia/veterinária , TeratologiaRESUMO
O estudo anatômico descreve os aspectos normais da conformação de determinada espécie, ou seja, as características que ocorrem com alta frequência nesta. Desta forma, quando um evento ocorre na maioria dos indivíduos de uma espécie, ele é considerado como normal. Embora também sejam observadas as variações anatômicas, caracterizadas pela alteração no padrão normal, em anatomia, define-se variação como um pequeno desvio do aspecto morfológico normal de um órgão ou ainda o desvio do plano geral de organização de um indivíduo, eventos que em animais e humanos é bastante estudado. No presente caso, a fissura craniofacial é considerada uma anomalia congênita rara de etiologia desconhecida. A localização é geralmente em determinadas linhas das pálpebras, sobrancelhas, narinas, lábios e maxilas, atingindo partes moles e ósseas. Na medicina veterinária é pouco estudada e sua classificação está baseada nas alterações observadas em humanos baseada nas relações anatômicas. As fissuras podem-se apresentar com as características de excesso de tecido ou agenesia dos mesmos. Em humanos, dependendo do caso, o tratamento é baseado em sutura dos tecidos moles, em três planos: cutâneo, muscular e mucoso; zetaplastias; tratamento ortodôntico; enxertos ósseos, quando necessário já em animais na bibliografia consultada não foram encontrados casos com tratamento. O presente relato descreve as alterações relacionadas com uma fissura craniofacial associado à palatosquise, queilosquise, macroglossia, ausência da órbita ocular e consequentemente o globo ocular em um neonato de cão.(AU)
The anatomical study describes the normal aspects of the conformation of a certain species, that is, the characteristics that occur with high frequency in this. In this way, when an event occurs in most individuals of a species, it is considered as normal. Although anatomical variations are also observed, characterized by the alteration in the normal pattern in anatomy, it is defined as a small deviation from the normal morphological aspect of an organ or the deviation from the general plane of organization of an individual, events that in animals and humans is well studied. In the present case, craniofacial fissure is considered a rare congenital anomaly of unknown etiology. The location is usually in certain lines of eyelids, eyebrows, nostrils, lips and jaws, reaching soft and bony parts. In veterinary medicine it is little studied and its classification is based on the changes observed in humans based on the anatomical relations. The cracks may present with the characteristics of excess tissue or agenesis of the same. In humans, depending on the case, the treatment is based on suture of the soft tissues, in three planes: cutaneous, muscular and mucous; zetaplasty; orthodontic treatment; bone grafts, when necessary already in animals in the consulted bibliography there were no cases with treatment. The present report describes the changes related to a craniofacial fissure associated to palatoschisis, cheiloschisis, macroglossia, absence of the ocular orbit and consequently the eyeball in a newborn of dog.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Cães , Macroglossia/veterinária , Macroglossia/patologia , Fissura Palatina/veterinária , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Anormalidades Congênitas/patologia , TeratologiaRESUMO
Congenital malformations (CMs) or developmental abnormalities are pathological processes defined as morphological defects that originate during embryonic stages. A wide variety of CMs is observed in reptiles, most of which are incompatible with normal life. Characterization of CMs and their pathogenesis are of great importance for the conservation of reptiles, including neotropical viperids (NVs). External CMs are often reported in these species, but little is known about concomitant microscopical findings in the viscera of malformed individuals. In order to partially fill in this gap in knowledge, we aimed to investigate and characterize histopathological findings in the viscera of malformed NVs, jararacas (Bothrops jararaca) and South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus), correlating these findings with features of external CMs. From 78 malformed snakes analysed, 100% (19/19) of rattlesnakes and 98.3% (58/59) of jararacas had histopathological changes in the viscera. Liver and/or kidney fatty degeneration was the most common finding in malformed and control animals. Renal glomerulocystic and tubular disease was significantly correlated with brachygnathia (P < 0.05) in jararacas. These results add to the body of knowledge of snake pathology and demonstrate some associations between external CMs and visceral histopathological findings, some of which could have implications for individual survival.
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Ultrasonography currently has great utility in the veterinary clinical routine of small animals with regard to gestation. Fetal hydrops is characterized as malformation that causes abnormal accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. A Yorkshire terrier dog, 6 years old, was referred to the imaging department of VETCLINIC Veterinary Hospital 24 hours for gestational ultrasonographic evaluation, where it can be observed that the patient was pregnant with only one cub and that it had full cysts of fluid detected in the subcutaneous tissue, in addition to pleural effusion associated with echogenic and with drawn lungs. The animal was then referred to the surgical center for cesarean section, where the fetus was found to be enlarged due to edema, and died a few minutes later. Ultrasound examination in the prenatal of the female canine was indispensable for the diagnosis of the fetal abnormality.
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Cães , Hidropisia Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidropisia Fetal/mortalidade , Hidropisia Fetal/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Anormalidades Teratoides Graves/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Teratoides Graves/veterináriaRESUMO
Ultrasonography currently has great utility in the veterinary clinical routine of small animals with regard to gestation. Fetal hydrops is characterized as malformation that causes abnormal accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. A Yorkshire terrier dog, 6 years old, was referred to the imaging department of VETCLINIC Veterinary Hospital 24 hours for gestational ultrasonographic evaluation, where it can be observed that the patient was pregnant with only one cub and that it had full cysts of fluid detected in the subcutaneous tissue, in addition to pleural effusion associated with echogenic and with drawn lungs. The animal was then referred to the surgical center for cesarean section, where the fetus was found to be enlarged due to edema, and died a few minutes later. Ultrasound examination in the prenatal of the female canine was indispensable for the diagnosis of the fetal abnormality.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Cães , Hidropisia Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidropisia Fetal/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Hidropisia Fetal/mortalidade , Anormalidades Teratoides Graves/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Teratoides Graves/veterináriaRESUMO
In October 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In response, the Brazilian Society of Medical Genetics established a task force (SBGM-ZETF) to study the phenotype of infants born with microcephaly due to ZIKV congenital infection and delineate the phenotypic spectrum of this newly recognized teratogen. This study was based on the clinical evaluation and neuroimaging of 83 infants born during the period from July, 2015 to March, 2016 and registered by the SBGM-ZETF. All 83 infants had significant findings on neuroimaging consistent with ZIKV congenital infection and 12 had confirmed ZIKV IgM in CSF. A recognizable phenotype of microcephaly, anomalies of the shape of skull and redundancy of the scalp consistent with the Fetal Brain Disruption Sequence (FBDS) was present in 70% of infants, but was most often subtle. In addition, features consistent with fetal immobility, ranging from dimples (30.1%), distal hand/finger contractures (20.5%), and feet malpositions (15.7%), to generalized arthrogryposis (9.6%), were present in these infants. Some cases had milder microcephaly or even a normal head circumference (HC), and other less distinctive findings. The detailed observation of the dysmorphic and neurologic features in these infants provides insight into the mechanisms and timings of the brain disruption and the sequence of developmental anomalies that may occur after prenatal infection by the ZIKV.
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Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Encéfalo/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Feto , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Lactente , Microcefalia/complicações , Microcefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Microcefalia/patologia , Neuroimagem , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Síndrome , Zika virus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zika virus/imunologia , Zika virus/patogenicidade , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecção por Zika virus/patologiaRESUMO
Studies have revealed that impairment of the pregnant body weight reduces the fetal body weight and causes minor changes in skeletal development. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of maternal feed restriction during pregnancy in offspring immune system development. Pregnant Wistar rats were distributed into 5 groups: 1 control in which dams received food ad libitum and 4 experimental groups in which dams were fed restricted amounts of rodent ration (16, 12, 9, or 6 g/rat/day) from the 6th to 17th gestation day. Teratogenicity was assessed using classical teratological evaluation and developmental immunotoxicology protocols. Maternal body weight gain, fetus weight, and placenta weight were reduced for feed-restricted females from the groups fed 12, 9, and 6 g/rat/day ( p < 0.05). No pup mortality was observed immediately after cesarean sections among the groups, and no visceral or skeletal malformations were detected. An immunoteratological study revealed an increase in the relative weight of the thymus and an increase in the phorbol myristate-acetate solution-induced hydrogen peroxide release by inflammatory cells in 21-day-old pups. Alterations in the delayed-type hypersensitivity response and the humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells were observed in pups from feed-restricted mothers. Feed restriction in Wistar rats during organogenesis did not promote structural malformations but resulted in offspring with lower birth weights and promoted significant changes in the immune responses of the rat pups.