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Abstract Patients with radial-sided wrist pain can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Various physicians, including emergency physicians, primary care physicians, and orthopedic or plastic surgeons can be involved in the initial and subsequent evaluation. We delve into the differential diagnosis of radial-sided wrist pain including osteoarticular, ligament, tendon, nerve, and other pathologies. We review the physical exam findings, diagnostic studies, and treatment options for each pathology based on recent and updated literature.

Resumen Los casos de pacientes que presentan dolor radial de muñeca pueden ser de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Varias especialidades médicas, incluidas emergentólogos, médicos de atención primaria, cirujanos ortopédicos o cirujanos plásticos, pueden estar involucrados desde el inicio de la patología y subsecuente evaluación. Pro fundizamos aquí en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor radial de muñeca incluyendo las debidas a patologías osteoarticulares, ligamentosas, tendinopatías y neuropatías, entre otras. Esta revisión incluye examen físico, estudios diagnósticos, y opciones terapéuticas para cada condición con base en la literatura reciente y actualizada.

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Patients with radial-sided wrist pain can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Various physicians, including emergency physicians, primary care physicians, and orthopedic or plastic surgeons can be involved in the initial and subsequent evaluation. We delve into the differential diagnosis of radial-sided wrist pain including osteoarticular, ligament, tendon, nerve, and other pathologies. We review the physical exam findings, diagnostic studies, and treatment options for each pathology based on recent and updated literature.

Los casos de pacientes que presentan dolor radial de muñeca pueden ser de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Varias especialidades médicas, incluidas emergentólogos, médicos de atención primaria, cirujanos ortopédicos o cirujanos plásticos, pueden estar involucrados desde el inicio de la patología y subsecuente evaluación. Profundizamos aquí en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor radial de muñeca incluyendo las debidas a patologías osteoarticulares, ligamentosas, tendinopatías y neuropatías, entre otras. Esta revisión incluye examen físico, estudios diagnósticos, y opciones terapéuticas para cada condición con base en la literatura reciente y actualizada.

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BACKGROUND: Subtalar hyperpronation and ankle dorsiflexion restriction have been theoretically associated with Achilles tendinopathy (AT). However, evidence to support these associations is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To compare foot alignment and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) between the symptomatic and non-symptomatic limbs of individuals with unilateral AT. And to verify whether differences exist between individuals with symptomatic pronated feet and individuals with symptomatic neutral/supinated feet in terms of tendon pain, structure, and symptom severity. METHODS: Sixty-three participants with unilateral AT underwent a bilateral evaluation of pain during tendon palpation, symptom severity, tendon thickening, tendon neovascularization, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, and foot posture alignment [foot posture index (FPI), navicular drop, navicular drift, and longitudinal arch angle (LAA)]. Side and group comparisons were made using t-tests and correlations were evaluated using the Pearson test. RESULTS: There were no differences between the symptomatic and non-symptomatic limbs regarding foot posture alignment. Specifically, non-significant negligible differences were observed between limbs regarding FPI [mean difference (MD)=-0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.70, 0.25), navicular drop (MD=0.58 mm; 95%CI=-0.25, 1.43), navicular drift (MD=0.16 mm; 95%CI=-0.77, 1.09), and LAA (MD=0.30º; 95%CI=-1.74, 2.34). There was no difference between limbs regarding ankle dorsiflexion ROM. However, lower ankle dorsiflexion was associated with worse symptom severity (r = 0.223). Finally, no difference was observed between individuals with symptomatic pronated feet and individuals with symptomatic neutral/supinated feet in terms of tendon pain or structure. CONCLUSIONS: Static foot alignment measures do not seem to be clinically relevant in patients with AT. Smaller ankle dorsiflexion ROM, however, was associated with greater symptom severity in this population.

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Calcific tendinitis is a pathology characterized by the deposits of periarticular hydroxyapatite. Its pathophysiology is not completely known. It is clinically characterized by important inflammatory changes with incapacitating pain. It most commonly affects the shoulder joint and it rarely affects the hand and wrist. Given the unusual nature of this localization, we present the clinical case of a woman who developed calcific tendinitis of the third metacarpophalangeal muscle. We present the clinical evolution of the case, the treatments carried out, and a review of the literature related to this unusual localization of calcific tendinitis.

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Abstract Introduction Acute longus colli tendinitis is caused by calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the tendon of the longus colli muscle with subsequent inflammation. The calcifications are commonly located at the superior oblique portion at the level of the C1-C2 vertebrae. The typical clinical presentation consists of acute neck pain, odynophagia, and painful limitation of neck range of motion. Objectives We will describe this disease with three that cases presented to our institution and compare the findings on imaging studies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data, radiological features, and laboratory reports of three patients diagnosed with acute longus colli tendinitis. Computed tomography and plain radiographs were reviewed and compared by a single radiologist. A contemporary review of the literature was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Embase, and Cochrane library databases. Results Computed tomography showed greater sensitivity for the detection of the pathognomonic calcification than plain radiographs and facilitated the exclusion of other more severe conditions by following a systematic interpretation composed of five key elements. Plain radiographs showed non-specific signs of prevertebral soft tissue swelling and a decreased cervical lordotic curve. However, no calcification was identified on plain radiographs. The literature review revealed 153 articles containing 372 cases. Surgical or invasive procedures were mentioned in 13.7% of publications and were performed in 28 patients. Conclusion Acute longus colli tendinitis can mimic the clinical presentation of more severe conditions that the otolaryngologist may be required to evaluate, such as infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases. Knowledge of this entity, with its pathognomonic imaging findings, can prevent misdirected medical therapy and unnecessary invasive procedures.

Resumo Introdução A tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli é causada pela deposição de hidroxiapatita de cálcio no tendão do músculo longus colli com subsequente inflamação. As calcificações estão comumente localizadas na porção oblíqua superior ao nível das vértebras C1-C2. A apresentação clínica típica consiste em dor cervical aguda, odinofagia e limitação dolorosa da amplitude de movimento do pescoço. Objetivos Descreveremos essa doença por meio de três casos apresentados em nossa instituição e compararemos os achados em exames de imagem. Método Revisamos retrospectivamente os dados clínicos, as características radiológicas e os relatórios laboratoriais de três pacientes com diagnóstico de tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli. A tomografia computadorizada e as radiografias simples foram revisadas e comparadas por um único radiologista. Uma revisão contemporânea da literatura foi feita nos bancos de dados PubMed (Medline), Embase e Cochrane. Resultados A tomografia computadorizada apresentou maior sensibilidade para detecção da calcificação patognomônica do que a radiografia simples e facilitou a exclusão de outras condições mais graves, seguiu uma interpretação sistemática composta por cinco elementos-chave. As radiografias simples mostraram sinais inespecíficos de edema dos tecidos moles pré-vertebrais e diminuição da curva lordótica cervical. Entretanto, nenhuma calcificação foi identificada nas radiografias simples. A revisão da literatura produziu 153 artigos com 372 casos. Procedimentos cirúrgicos ou invasivos foram mencionados em 13,7% das publicações e feitos em 28 pacientes. Conclusão A tendinite aguda do músculo longus colli pode mimetizar a apresentação clínica de condições mais graves que necessitam da avaliação do otorrinolaringologista, como doenças infecciosas, traumáticas e neoplásicas. O conhecimento dessa entidade, com seus achados de imagem patognomônica, pode evitar uma terapia clínica mal direcionada e procedimentos invasivos desnecessários.

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Introducción: Por más de 20 años la litotricia extracorpórea se ha aplicado con éxito en el mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia por ondas de choque en el tratamiento a pacientes que presentan lesiones en los tendones y ligamentos del sistema osteomioarticular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con 107 pacientes diagnosticados con lesiones en los tendones y ligamentos del sistema osteomioarticular, los cuales fueron tratados con el equipo Well Wave (ondas de choque extracorpóreas) en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional Frank País, en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2019 y abril de 2020. Se realizó el análisis de las variables edad, sexo, dolor y discapacidad. Se obtuvieron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y con ellas se confeccionaron las tablas que resumen la información estadística de la investigación. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (71,9 por ciento), de 51 - 60 años (28 por ciento). El 40,2 por ciento de los pacientes fueron atendidos por presentar una tendinitis del supraespinoso. Todos los pacientes presentaban dolor antes de la aplicación de la terapia. Luego del tratamiento el 78,5 por ciento de los enfermos dejaron de sentirlo y el 71 por ciento presentó ausencia de discapacidad según escala de DASH. Según los criterios de evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento los resultados fueron satisfactorios en el 56 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La terapia con las ondas de choque posibilitó una rápida recuperación de los pacientes atendidos y su incorporación a las actividades diarias(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Over more than 20 years, extracorporeal lithotripsy has been successfully used worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of shock wave therapy in the treatment of patients with injuries to the tendons and ligaments of the osteomioarticular system. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with 107 patients diagnosed with injuries to the tendons and ligaments of the osteomioarticular system. These subjects were treated with the Well Wave equipment (extracorporeal shock waves) at Frank País International Orthopedic Scientific Center, from March 2019 to April 2020. The variables age, sex, pain and disability were analyzed. Absolute and relative frequencies were obtained, and the results of statistical information of the investigation was shown in summarizing tables. Results: The female sex prevailed (71.9percent), 51 - 60 years old (28 percent). 40.2 percent of the patients were treated for supraspinatus tendinitis. All patients had pain before the use of therapy. After treatment, 78.5 percent of the patients stopped feeling pain and 71 percent showed no disability according to DASH scale. According to the treatment response evaluation criteria, the results were satisfactory in 56percent of the patients. Conclusions: This therapy enabled rapid recovery of the patients treated and their integration into daily activities(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of an intervention with tailored exercises on the incidence of patellar tendinopathy (PT) in elite youth jumping athletes. DESIGN: Prospective crossover cohort. SETTING: One sport club facility. PARTICIPANTS: 271 elite youth basketball and volleyball player were followed in the first year of the study (Observation year) and 270 athletes were followed in the second year (intervention year). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence rates of PT per 1,000h of exposure. Cox survival analysis was used to verify the effects of the intervention (exercises implemented according to the findings of a preseason assessment) on PT incidence. RESULTS: The exercise prevention program significantly reduced the number of cases of PT, with athletes submitted to the intervention showing 51% less risk of developing PT. The overall PT incidence in the Observation year (5.9 per 1,000h of exposure) was significantly higher than that in the intervention year (2.8 per 1,000h of exposure) (P = .037). Twenty-six athletes developed PT in the observation year, whereas 13 athletes developed PT in the intervention year. CONCLUSIONS: A tailored preventive program may be able to reduce the incidence of patellar tendinopathy, especially in male youth volleyball athletes. Randomized controlled trials are encouraged to confirm these findings.

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BACKGROUND: Dorsiflexion range of motion restriction has been associated with patellar tendinopathy, but the mechanisms of how dorsiflexion restriction could contribute to knee overload remain unknown. HYPOTHESIS: Peak ankle dorsiflexion and ankle dorsiflexion excursion are negatively associated with peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF) and loading rate, and with peak patellar tendon force and loading rate, and positively associated with peak ankle plantar flexor moment. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. METHODS: Kinematic and kinetic data of 26 healthy recreational jumping athletes were measured during a single-leg drop vertical jump. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the association between peak ankle dorsiflexion and ankle dorsiflexion excursion with peak vGRF and vGRF loading rate, with peak patellar tendon force and patellar tendon force loading rate, and with peak ankle plantar flexor moment. RESULTS: Ankle dorsiflexion excursion negatively correlated with peak vGRF loading rate (r = -0.49; P = 0.011) and positively correlated with peak ankle flexor plantar moment (r = 0.52; P = 0.006). In addition, there was a positive correlation between peak ankle dorsiflexion and peak vGRF (r = 0.39; P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ankle kinematics are associated with vGRF loading rate, ankle flexor plantar moment and peak vGRF influencing knee loads, but no association was observed between ankle kinematics and patellar tendon loads. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest that increasing ankle dorsiflexion excursion may be an important strategy to reduce lower limb loads during landings but should not be viewed as the main factor for reducing patellar tendon force.

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INTRODUCTION: Acute longus colli tendinitis is caused by calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the tendon of the longus colli muscle with subsequent inflammation. The calcifications are commonly located at the superior oblique portion at the level of the C1-C2 vertebrae. The typical clinical presentation consists of acute neck pain, odynophagia, and painful limitation of neck range of motion. OBJECTIVES: We will describe this disease with three that cases presented to our institution and compare the findings on imaging studies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data, radiological features, and laboratory reports of three patients diagnosed with acute longus colli tendinitis. Computed tomography and plain radiographs were reviewed and compared by a single radiologist. A contemporary review of the literature was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Embase, and Cochrane library databases. RESULTS: Computed tomography showed greater sensitivity for the detection of the pathognomonic calcification than plain radiographs and facilitated the exclusion of other more severe conditions by following a systematic interpretation composed of five key elements. Plain radiographs showed non-specific signs of prevertebral soft tissue swelling and a decreased cervical lordotic curve. However, no calcification was identified on plain radiographs. The literature review revealed 153 articles containing 372 cases. Surgical or invasive procedures were mentioned in 13.7% of publications and were performed in 28 patients. CONCLUSION: Acute longus colli tendinitis can mimic the clinical presentation of more severe conditions that the otolaryngologist may be required to evaluate, such as infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases. Knowledge of this entity, with its pathognomonic imaging findings, can prevent misdirected medical therapy and unnecessary invasive procedures.

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La tendinitis calcificante del músculo largo del cuello es una patología subdiagnsoticada, de baja frecuencia, autolimitada. Se presenta clínicamente como una de las causas de odinofagia en la consulta médica. Se produce debido al depósito de cristales de hidroxiapatita en espacio retrofaríngeo, desencadenándose una respuesta inflamatoria local. En la TMLC el principal diagnóstico diferencial es el absceso retrofaríngeo, ya que puede presentarse clínicamente con odinofagia, disfagia , disminución de la movilidad del cuello y cervicalgia. En nuestro trabajo se analiza un caso clínico sobre dicha patología, en un hombre de 45 años; realizando un análisis de la sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad.

Calcific tendinitis of the long neck muscle is an underdiagnosed, low frequency, self-limited pathology. It is clinically presented as one of the causes of odynophagia in the medical consultation. It occurs due to the deposit of hydroxyapatite crystals in the retropharyngeal space, triggering a local inflammatory response. On This patholgy, the main differential diagnosis is retropharyngeal abscess, since it can present clinically with odynophagia, dysphagia, decreased mobility of the neck, and neck pain. In our work, a clinical case of this pathology is analyzed, in a 45-year-old man; performing an analysis of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this entity.

A tendinite calcificante do músculo longo do pescoço é uma patologia subdiagnsoticada, de baixa frequência, autolimitada. Apresenta-se clinicamente como uma das causas de odinofagia na consulta médica. Ocorre devido ao depósito de cristais de hidroxiapatita em espaço retrofaríngeo, desencadeando-se uma resposta inflamatória local. Na TMLC o principal diagnóstico diferencial é o abscesso retrofaríngeo, já que pode apresentar-se clinicamente com odinofagia, disfagia , diminuição da mobilidade do pescoço e cervicalgia. Em nosso trabalho analisa-se um caso clínico sobre essa patologia, em um homem de 45 anos; realizando uma análise da sintomatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento desta entidade.

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Resumen: La tendinopatía cálcica es causada por el depósito patológico de cristales de hidroxiapatita de calcio en los tendones y es una causa común de dolor en las articulaciones. Afecta más frecuentemente al hombro y la cadera, con hallazgos característicos en imágenes; sin embargo, cualquier tendón puede estar involucrado. Ocasionalmente, la tendinopatía cálcica puede simular patología agresiva, como infección o neoplasia, especialmente en RM. Fisiotpatológicamente, las calcificaciones provendrían de una diferenciación anormal de las células madre del tendón, que comienzan a producir calcio, aunque todavía no es del todo claro. Los radiólogos deben estar familiarizados con los hallazgos de las imágenes para distinguir la tendinopatía cálcica de procesos más agresivos. La aspiración y lavado guiado bajo ecografía es una técnica útil realizada por el radiólogo para el tratamiento de casos sintomáticos. La familiaridad con estos procedimientos y su apariencia en imágenes es un aspecto importante en el manejo de esta enfermedad. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar la etiopatogenia de la tendinopatía cálcica, la evaluación con imágenes en los sitios de presentación más comunes y también en los menos frecuentes, así como el papel que desempeña la ecografía en el tratamiento de la patología.

Abstract: Calcific tendinitis is caused by abnormal deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in tendons and is a common cause of joint pain. The disease typically affects the shoulder and hip, with characteristic imaging findings; however, any tendon can be involved. Occasionally, calcific tendinitis can mimic aggressive disorders, such as infection and neoplasm, especially on MRI. Apparently, the calcifications come from an abnormal differentiation of the tendon stem cells, which begin to produce calcium. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging findings to distinguish calcific tendinitis from more aggressive processes. Image-guided percutaneous needle aspiration is a useful technique performed by the radiologist for the treatment of symptomatic cases. Being familiar with these processes and their imaging appearance is an important aspect in the management of this common disease. The purpose of this review is to analyze the pathogenesis of calcium tendinopathy, the evaluation of images in both the most common and less frequent presentation sites, as well as the role played by ultrasound in the treatment of pathology.

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RESUMEN La tendinitis calcificante prevertebral es una patología benigna y poco frecuente, con una incidencia anual de 0,5 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 52 años que consultó por cervicalgia, odinofagia y disfonía de 5 días de evolución. Tras una exploración otorrinolaringológica completa se sospechó ocupación del espacio retrofaríngeo, confirmada con pruebas de imagen. Ante estos hallazgos y con la sospecha de absceso retrofaríngeo, se decidió ingreso hospitalario para tratamiento intravenoso. Por discordancia entre la clínica, la TC y los hallazgos analíticos, se solicitó RM cervical, cuya imagen hizo sospechar una tendinitis aguda calcificante del longísimo del cuello. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de la sintomatología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta entidad. Consideramos importante sospecharla dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de la ocupación del espacio retrofaríngeo para evitar realizar procedimientos innecesarios.

ABSTRACT Prevertebral calcific tendinitis is a benign and infrequent pathology, with an annual incidence of 0.5 cases per 100,000 habitants. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman that presented with a 5-day history of cervicalgia, odynophagia and dysphonia. Otolaryngological examination and radiological images showed occupation of the retropharyngeal space. The patient was admitted to the hospital for intravenous treatment. A cervical MRI was requested, suggesting an acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscles. The authors provide a discussion of the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of this condition. We consider it to be an important differential diagnosis of a retropharyngeal space occupation, in order to avoid unnecessary procedures.

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Resumen La base fundamental de la valoración médico legal de un individuo es establecer la relación de causalidad entre la historia narrada por el mismo y los hallazgos documentados. La biomecánica del trauma es una herramienta que permite dilucidar dicha concordancia, ya que su estudio involucra los mecanismos de trauma implicados en la génesis de las distintas lesiones. Este artículo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica y crítica de la literatura actual en materia de etiopatogenia de las lesiones en hombro por su alta incidencia laboral y capacidad de generar secuelas.

Abstract The basis of the forensic evaluation of an individual is to establish the relationship of causality between the story that has been told by the patient and the documented findings. The study of injury biomechanics is a tool that helps to clarify said concordance, since it involves the trauma mechanisms that are implied in the genesis of the different lesions. This article consists of a bibliographical revision and critique of the current literature about the etiopathogenesis of the shoulder lesions, since they are frequent in the work place and can generate sequels.

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The coexistence of musculoskeletal disorders is common in work activities around the world, however, information on the subject is insufficient both in Latin America and in Colombia despite its impact at the economic and social level. The objective of this research was to determine the coexistence of musculoskeletal disorders of work origin in the upper body in the working population that attends a Service Provider Institution (IPS). An observational, descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional design study was conducted between the first of March in 2017 and the first of March in 2018. Four semiological tests were applied for physiotherapists to seek the coexistence of carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and cervical myofascial syndrome. Among the results, it was found that 92.6% (n=138) of the patients had two or more pathologies, 59.73% (n=89) had the rotator cuff and the myofascial syndrome, 52.35% (n=78) had epicondylitis and myofascial syndrome, and 37.58% (n=56) had carpal tunnel syndrome and lateral epicondylitis. This study highlights the high coexistence of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper body, especially in the female gender.

La coexistencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos es común en actividades laborales de todo el mundo, sin embargo la información sobre el tema es insuficiente tanto en América Latina como en Colombia a pesar de su impacto a nivel económico y social; la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la coexistencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en miembro superior de origen laboral en la población trabajadora que asiste a una Institución Prestadora de Servicios (IPS); Se realizó un estudio de diseño Observacional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de corte transversal, durante el periodo comprendido entre el primero de marzo de 2017 y el primero de marzo del 2018, se aplicaron cuatro pruebas semiológicas por fisioterapeutas para buscar la coexistencia de Síndrome de túnel del carpo, epicondilitis lateral, síndrome de manguito rotador y síndrome miofascial cervical; entre los resultados se encontró que el 92,6% (n=138) de los pacientes presentaban dos o más patologías, el 59,73% (n=89) síndrome de manguito rotador y síndrome miofascial, el 52,35% (n=78) Epicondilitis y síndrome miofascial y el 37,58% síndrome de túnel del carpo y epicondilitis lateral (n=56). El estudio pone en evidencia la elevada coexistencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en miembro superior especialmente en el género femenino.

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Tendinitis changes the biochemical and morphological properties of the tendon, promoting an increase of activity of metalloproteinases and disorganization of collagen bundles. Tenocytes, the primary cells in tendon, are scattered throughout the collagenic fibers, and are responsible of tendon remodeling and tissue repair in pathological condition. In vivo, glycine, component of the typical Gly-X-Y collagen tripeptide, showed beneficial effects in biochemical and biomechanical properties of Achilles tendon with tendinitis. In this study, we analyzed the effect of glycine in tenocytes subjected to inflammation. Tenocytes from Achilles tendon of rats were treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) with and without previous treatment with glycine (20 mM). Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated, as well as the expression of matrix molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, metalloproteinases (MMPs), TIMPs, and collagen I. Glycine can revert the inflammation due to the action of TNF-α by controlling the MMPs quantity and activity. These data indicated that the molecules involved to remodeling process of extracellular matrix are modulated both by TNF-α and the availability of collagen precursors; in fact, this study indicates the glycine can be useful for treatment of inflammation and for modulating tenocytes metabolism in tendons.

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Dentro de las lesiones deportivas, las lesiones de pelvis y cadera representan el 2-5%. La tendinitis del ileopsoas es una de las menos comunes, generalmente asociada a una bursitis del ileopsoas debido a su proximidad anatómica. Siendo idéntica su presentación clínica y manejo. Se define como una inflamación del tendón o del área que lo rodea, provocada en general por la repetitiva flexión de la cadera.

Pelvic and hip lesions account for 2-5% of sports lesions. Iliopsoas tendinitis is one of the least common and is generally associated with iliopsoas bursitis because of its anatomical proximity. Their clinical presentation and management are the same. It is defined to be an inflammation of the tendon or surrounding tissue, caused by repetitive hip flexion.

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La fascitis plantar es un síndrome degenerativo que se produce como resultado de traumas repetidos en el origen de ésta, en el calcáneo. Suele presentarse en atletas y corredores, aunque también aparece en la población general, afectando aproximadamente a un 10% en ambos casos. Aunque su etiología no es del todo clara, es probable que la causa no sea única y haya diversos factores que contribuyan a su aparición. Estos son tales como el aumento de peso, el exceso de ejercicio físico o el calzado inadecuado, entre otros. La fascitis plantar se caracteriza por dolor en la región inferior del talón, en la planta del pie, que es especialmente intenso en los primeros momentos de la mañana al andar o después de un período de inactividad física o tras una bipedestación prolongada. A lo largo del día el dolor va disminuyendo, pero volverá si se lleva a cabo la actividad de levantamiento de peso. El tiempo de recuperación o resolución de esta patología es prolongado y existen varios métodos que pueden ayudar en su tratamiento, todos ellos diríamos que convencionales. Esta revisión plantea el tratamiento de la fascitis plantar a través del entrenamiento funcional de esquí, dadas las características biomecánicas que comporta este deporte.

Plantar fasciitis is a degenerative syndrome that occurs because of repeated traumas in the fascia origin on the calcaneus. It usually occurs in athletes and runners, although it also appears in the general population, affecting approximately 10% in both cases. Although its etiology is not entirely clear, it is likely, not due to a unique cause since there are several factors that contribute to its appearance. These are: weight gain, excessive physical exercise or inadequate footwear, etc. Plantar fasciitis is characterized by pain in the lower region of the heel, in the sole of the foot, which is especially intense in the first moments of the morning when walking, after a period of physical inactivity or after prolonged standing. Throughout the day the pain diminishes, but will return if weight-lifting activity is carried out. The recovery time or resolution of this pathology is prolonged and there are several conservative methods that may help in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Therefore, in this review we propose the treatment of plantar fasciitis through functional ski training, given the biomechanical characteristics of this sport.

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Introducción. La tendinitis es una condición inflamatoria y degenerativa que se caracteriza por dolor en las intersecciones tendinosas de los huesos. La muñeca es uno de los sitios más comunes de tendinitis. La causa principal de tendinitis es la combinación de carga mecánica, uso intenso, movimientos repetitivos, fuerza y posición de la muñeca. Objetivos: Describir los factores asociados a tendinitis de muñeca producida en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de tendinitis de muñeca. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional, los participantes fueron 33 personas mayores de 18 años de edad con diagnóstico clínico de tendinitis de muñeca en consulta externa de cirugía de la mano. Resultados: Sí existe una relación importante entre los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y sus condiciones laborales; mayormente la realización de movimientos manuales repetitivos, utilización de máquina de escribir o computadora y el uso de equipo que implique la fuerza entre los dedos pulgar e índice. Conclusión: Las condiciones laborales que impliquen el uso constante y crónico de la muñeca sí están relacionadas con el desarrollo de tendinitis de muñeca. Palabras clave: Tendinitis de muñeca, condiciones laborales, factores asociados.

Background. Tendinitis is an inflammatory and degenerative condition characterized by pain in tendon bone intersections. The wrist is one of the most common sites of tendinitis. The principal cause of tendinitis is the combination of mechanical load, heavy use, repetitive motion, wrist position and force. Objectives: To describe factors associated with wrist tendinitis produced in patients with clinical diagnosis of wrist tendinitis. Methods. Observational descriptive study, the participants were 33 subjects over 18 years old with a clinical diagnosis of wrist tendinitis all from the outpatient clinic of hand surgery. Results: There is a significant relationship between patients with clinical diagnosis and working conditions; mostly performing repetitive hand movements, using typewriter or computer and use of equipment involving force between thumb and forefinger. Conclusion: working conditions involving the use of constant and chronic wrist if it is related to the development of wrist tendinitis. Key words: Wrist tendonitis, working conditions, associated factors

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Introducción: la tendinitis calcificada es una afección frecuente en la articulación del hombro, sus principales síntomas y signos son el dolor y la pérdida del movimiento articular, el tratamiento conservador es el pilar fundamental, sin embargo la vía artroscópica es de gran utilidad en caso de fallo del primero. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en aspectos como: síntomas y signos, clasificaciones, modalidades de tratamiento conservador y por último en la perspectiva quirúrgica a través de la vía artroscópica. Método: la búsqueda de la información se realizó en un periodo de tres meses (1ro. de marzo de 2016 al 31 de mayo de 2016) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: calcific tendinitis y subacromial impingment. A partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 311 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 51 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 49 de ellas de los últimos 5 años donde se incluyeron 4 libros. Se presentan los síntomas y signos más importantes de esta entidad, así como las clasificaciones basadas en diferentes parámetros, apoyadas fundamentalmente por medios imaginológicos como la radiografía simple, ultrasonido de alta definición y la imagen de resonancia magnética. Conclusiones: la tendinitis calcificada es una entidad frecuente; aunque el tratamiento más empleado es el conservador, la cirugía por la vía artroscópica ofrece múltiples ventajas(AU)

Background: Calcific tendinitis is a common condition in the shoulder joint, its main symptoms and signs are pain and loss of joint movement, conservative treatment is the fundamental pillar, however the arthroscopic course is very useful in case of the first course fails. Objective: The objective of this work is to delve into aspects such as symptoms and signs, classifications, modalities of conservative treatment and finally in the surgical perspective through the arthroscopic course. Method: the search for the information was carried out in a period of three months (from March 1, 2016 to May 31, 2016) and we used the following words: calcific tendinitis and subacromial impingment. A bibliographic review was conducted for 311 articles published in PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases, using EndNote search manager and reference manager. Fifty-one selected citations were used to perform those articles reviewed, 49 of them from the last five years. Four books were included. The most important symptoms and signs of this entity are presented, as well as classifications based on different parameters, mainly supported by imaging such as simple radiography, high definition ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Calcific tendinitis is a common entity; although the conservative treatment is most commonly, arthroscopic surgery offers multiple advantages(AU)

Fondement: La tendinite calcifiante est une affection fréquente de l'articulation de l'épaule. Elle est caractérisée par la douleur et la perte du mouvement articulaire. Son pilier fondamental est le traitement conservateur. Cependant, la voie arthroscopique s'avère très utile en cas d'échec du traitement conservateur. Objectif: Le but de ce travail est d'approfondir des aspects tels que les symptômes et signes, les classifications, les modalités de traitement conservateur, et finalement, du point de vue chirurgical, le traitement par voie arthroscopique. Méthodes: La recherche de l'information a été effectuée dans une période de trois mois (du 1er mars 2016 au 31 mai 2016) et on a utilisé les mots-clés : calcific tendinitis et subacromial impingment. À l'aide du logiciel de gestion des références EndNote, on a réalisé une révision bibliographique d'un total de 311 articles publiés dans les bases de données PubMed, Hinari, SciELO et Medline. Sur 51 citations sélectionnées pour faire la révision, on a utilisé 49 de ces cinq dernières années, y compris quatre livres. Les symptômes et signes les plus importants de cette maladie, ainsi que les classifications basées sur différents paramètres, prouvées notamment par imagerie (radiographie simple, échographie haute définition et IRM), sont présentés. Conclusions: La tendinite calcifiante est une affection fréquente; quoique le traitement conservateur soit le plus souvent employé, la chirurgie par voie arthroscopique offre plusieurs bénéfices(AU)

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Fundamento: La ruptura traumática aguda del tendón del cuádriceps es una entidad poco frecuente con una incidencia de 1,37/100 000 pacientes por año. Los hombres son los más afectados y la edad media de aparición ronda los 50 años. La cirugía ofrece los mejores resultados. Objetivo: Presentar un paciente con ruptura traumática aguda del tendón del cuádriceps derecho, con evolución favorable luego de una reparación primaria precoz con sutura transpatelar de alambre. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 58 años de edad, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo II, que sufrió caída de sus pies. Acudió al servicio de urgencias con dolor intenso a nivel de la rodilla derecha, e imposibilidad para la marcha. A la exploración física se encontró impotencia absoluta para la extensión de la pierna derecha y signo del surco en la zona del tendón del cuádriceps. En la ultrasonografía de la rodilla derecha se apreció una solución de continuidad total del tendón del cuádriceps, a nivel del polo superior de la rótula lo que corroboró el diagnóstico de una ruptura traumática aguda del tendón del cuádriceps derecho. Se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico que consistió en perforaciones en la rótula y reinserción del tendón mediante alambres de acero, con buena evolución clínica Conclusiones: La reparación primaria precoz con sutura transpatelar de alambre en la ruptura traumática aguda del tendón del cuádriceps es un proceder quirúrgico efectivo cuando se realiza en los primeros diez días de la lesión.

Background: The acute traumatic rupture of the quadriceps tendon is a rare diseases with an incidence of 1.37 / 100 000 patients per year. Men are the most affected and the average age of appearance is around 50 years old. Surgery offers the best results. Objective: to present a patient with acute traumatic rupture of the right quadriceps tendon, with a favorable evolution after an early primary repair with transpatellar wire suture. Case report: a 58-year-old male patient with a personal history of type II diabetes mellitus, who suffered a fall in his feet. He arrived to the emergency room with severe pain in the right knee and impossibility to walk. At physical examination showed an absolute impotence for the extension of the right leg and a depression sign in the area of ​​the quadriceps tendon. In the right knee ultrasonography, a complete continuity solution of the quadriceps tendon was observed at the level of the superior pole of the patella, which corroborated the diagnosis of an acute traumatic rupture of the right quadriceps tendon. Surgical treatment consisted of perforations in the patella and reinsertion of the tendon through steel wires, with good clinical evolution Conclusions: early primary repair with transpatellar wire suture in acute traumatic rupture of the quadriceps tendon is an effective surgical procedure when it is done in the first ten days of the lesion.

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