RESUMO
Dentre as várias vertentes de pesquisa e prática homeopática pós-hahnemanniana, a Homeopatia Constitucional leva em consideração os aspectos morfofisiológicos: a biotipologia, o temperamento, as diáteses, não como noções absolutas, mas inseridas no seu devido lugar dentro da Doutrina e Técnicas de aplicação da Homeopatia. O conceito básico persiste sendo a semelhança precisa entre os sinais de um remédio e os mesmos sinais encontrados num paciente. A gravidez é um estado fisiológico que resulta na formação de um ser do qual podemos conhecer os progenitores. É uma oportunidade de abordar este ser diante das imperfeições de terreno que lhes podem ser transmitidas. A homeopatia é a única terapêutica prática, pois é inofensiva à criança e conduz um tratamento "eugênico", permitindo que a criança seja bem constituída.
Among the various aspects of post-Hahnemannian homeopathic research and practice, Constitutional Homeopathy considers morphophysiological aspects: biotypology, temperament and diatheses, not as absolute notions, but inserted in their due place within the Doctrine and Application Techniques of Homeopathy. The basic concept remains the precise similarity between the signs of a medicine and the same signs found in a patient. Pregnancy is a physiological state that results in the formation of a being whose parents we can know. It is an opportunity to approach this being in the face of the imperfections of the terrain that can be transmitted to them. Homeopathy is the only practical therapy, as it is harmless to the child and provides a "eugenic" treatment, allowing the child to be well constituted.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Temperamento , Biotipologia , Terapêutica Homeopática , Suscetibilidade a DoençasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Identifying affective temperaments could be useful both for understanding the normal behavioral variations in the general population and to establish if there is a clinical predisposition to certain disorders. Five affective temperaments have been proposed: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious. Original instrument for measuring them (TEMPS-A) is a 110-item scale but many short versions in different languages have been validated. The aim of this study was to obtain a short self-administered Spanish version of TEMPS-A with good psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 550 students who answered the argentinean version of TEMPS-A was included, after psychometric analysis a comparison between inpatients with major depression and their matched controls by sex and age who answered the brief version was performed to get an external validation. RESULTS: The sample was composed by 298 (54.2%) women. The mean age was 23.3 year (SD=6.2). A forced five factor analysis was performed. The 7 items with the highest factorial load (more than 0.350) for each subscale were included in the brief version. The Cronbach alpha's ranged from 0.690 to .800. The most prevalent temperament was hyperthymic followed by cyclothymic for students sample. Similarities between students and controls sample were observed, but not with patients with major depression. CONCLUSIONS: This brief Spanish version of TEMPS-A (35 items) has good psychometric properties and can be used in general and clinical population.
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ABSTRACT Background: Investigating predictive factors of reduced quality of life (QOL) of patients and their association with focal epilepsy can improve management and treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between affective temperaments, depression, anxiety, disease characteristics, and QOL and to explore the predictors of QOL in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE). Methods: A total of 50 patients with TLE, 51 patients with ETLE, and 70 controls were enrolled. Affective temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). QOL was assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to explore depression and anxiety severity, respectively. Results: Compared with the controls, patients with TLE and ETLE had significantly higher scores on all TEMPS-A scales, except on hyperthymic temperament. All the SF-36 subscale scores were lower in the TLE and ETLE groups. Linear regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms, anxiety, depressive and irritable temperament, and seizure frequency were significant predictors of QOL in TLE. Patients with ETLE with temperamental disturbances, depressive symptoms, and polytherapy had a poorer QOL. Conclusions: Affective temperaments, psychiatric disorders, and clinical factors may predict impaired QOL in patients with TLE and ETLE. Further studies are needed to identify predictors of QOL in various epilepsy subtypes.
RESUMEN Antecedentes: Explorar los factores asociados y predictivos que reducen la calidad de vida en la epilepsia focal produce un efecto beneficioso en las estrategias de gestión y tratamiento. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre temperamentos afectivos, depresión, ansiedad, características de la enfermedad y calidad de vida (QOL) y explorar los predictores de QOL en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (TLE) y epilepsia del lóbulo extratemporal (ETLE). Métodos: Se inscribieron un total de 50 pacientes con TLE, 51 pacientes con ETLE y 70 controles. Los temperamentos afectivos se evaluaron mediante el cuestionario de autoevaluación de Temperamento de Memphis, Pisa, París y San Diego (TEMPS-A). La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante la encuesta de salud de formato corto (SF-36). También se realizó a todos los participantes el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI). Resultados: Los pacientes con TLE y ETLE tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en todas las escalas TEMPS-A que los controles, excepto la hipertimia . En la comparación de las puntuaciones del SF-36 dentro de cada grupo, todas las subescalas fueron más bajas en los pacientes con TLE y ETLE. El análisis de regresión lineal reveló que la depresión y la ansiedad, el temperamento depresivo e irritable y la frecuencia de las convulsiones fueron predictores significativos de la calidad de vida en el TLE. Además, los pacientes con ETLE con desequilibrios de temperamento afectivo, depresión comórbida y politerapia tenían una peor calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Los temperamentos afectivos, los trastornos psiquiátricos y los factores clínicos pueden predecir el deterioro de la calidad de vida en pacientes con TLE y ETLE. Se necesitan más estudios para descubrir los predictores de la calidad de vida en varios subtipos de epilepsia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Epilepsias Parciais , Inventário de Personalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Convulsões , Temperamento , Inquéritos e Questionários , EpilepsiaRESUMO
A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a existência de um perfil de personalidade e de temperamento que possa ser associado aos ocupantes de cargos de gestão. Para isso foi realizada a análise documentária de 240.233 protocolos do MBTI, do banco de dados da empresa representante da ferramenta no Brasil, emitidos no período de 2007 a 2015. Como a base de dados para este estudo foi documental, não houve necessidade de submetê-lo ao Comitê de Ética, mas apenas da autorização expressa da empresa. Para a análise do temperamento, utilizou-se a teoria de David Keirsey por permitir sua associação com o MBTI. Da totalidade de protocolos analisados, 12,55% ocupavam algum cargo de gestão quando avaliados. Os resultados apontaram que as tipologias de personalidade ESTJ (Extrovertido, Sensorial, Racional, Julgador) e ISTJ (Introvertido, Sensorial, Racional, Julgador) e o temperamento Guardião são as que mais se destacam para todos os tipos de cargos. Conclui-se que não há uma tipologia ou um de temperamento que diferencie pessoas que ocupam cargos de gestão das que não ocupam, porém, há tipologias e temperamentos mais frequentemente observados para os profissionais de diversos cargos.
The present research aims to evaluate the existence of profiles from personality and temperament which can be associated with the occupants of management positions. In order to understand this relation, a documentary analysis has been made using 240,233 MBTI protocols, which represents the database of the company that owns the tool in Brazil from the period of 2007 to 2015. The theory of David Keirsey was used for this purpose and according to the characteristics of this study and the rules of the Ethics Committee, only the express authorization of the company was needed. The results indicate the ESTJ (Extroverted, Sensory, Rational, Judging) and ISTJ (Introverted, Sensory, Rational, Judging) personality typologies and the Guardian temperament are the ones that stand out the most for all types of positions and also 12.55% of the people analyzed in protocols occupied some management position. The conclusion presented there are no typology or temperament profiles that differentiate people who occupy management positions from those who do not. However, there are typologies and temperaments more frequently observed for professionals in different positions.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la existencia de un perfil de personalidad y temperamento que puede asociarse a los ocupantes de los puestos de dirección. Para ello, se realizó un análisis documental de 240.233 protocolos MBTI de la base de datos de la empresa representante de la herramienta en Brasil, emitidos en el periodo de 2007 a 2015. Como la base de datos de este estudio era documental, no fue necesario presentarla al Comité de Ética, solamente de la autorización expresa de la empresa. Para el análisis del temperamento, se utilizó la teoría de David Keirsey porque permite su asociación con el MBTI. De todos los protocolos analizados, 12,55% ocupaba algún cargo directivo en el momento de la evaluación. Los resultados señalaron que las tipologías de personalidad ESTJ (Extrovertida, Sensorial, Racional, Juiciosa) e ISTJ (Introvertida, Sensorial, Racional, Juiciosa) y el temperamento Guardián son los más destacados para todos los tipos de trabajo. Se concluye que no existe una tipología o un temperamento que diferencie a las personas que ocupan cargos directivos de las que no lo hacen, sin embargo, hay tipologías y temperamentos que se observan con mayor frecuencia para profesionales de diversos cargos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Personalidade , Inventário de Personalidade , Temperamento , Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologiaRESUMO
Bipolar disorder is a serious and chronic mood disorder, which in extreme forms can lead to psychosis, especially in manic states. In this sense, historically, the differentiation from schizophrenia has represented a real clinical challenge and a nosological dilemma. Categorical diagnostic approaches have promoted progress in the generation of consensus and the facilitation of scientific communication, but many times, they have done so to the detriment of the complexity and richness of clinical presentations. As a counterpart, the notion of the bipolar spectrum proposes a dimensional perspective, a continuum of severity in whose maximum expression alterations in the content of thought or sensory perception can stand out. Schizotype, where these manifestations can be found, has long been pointed out as a series of personality characteristics linked to schizophrenia. But its presence can be verified in other areas of psychopathology, even outside it. Regarding its presence in mood disorders, schizotypal traits, instead of being a marker of a worse prognosis, could be related to positive aspects such as creativity. The objective of this work is to investigate, through a bibliographic review, the association between schizotypy and bipolar disorder, mainly its possible role in the creative processes associated with this pathology.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Transtornos Psicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Humanos , Transtornos do Humor , Esquizofrenia/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The assessment of affective temperaments has provided useful insights for the psychopathological understanding of affective disorders and for the conceptualization of bipolar spectrum disorders. The Temperament in Memphis Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS) instrument has been widely used in research, yet its psychometric properties and optimal factor structure are unclear. METHODS: The PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from inception until March 15th, 2016. Validation peer-reviewed studies of different versions of the TEMPS performed in adult samples were considered for inclusion. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies (N=20,787) met inclusion criteria. Several versions of the TEMPS have been validated in 14 languages across 15 countries. The 110-item self-reported version of the TEMPS has been the most studied version. Most studies (50%) supported a five factor solution although few studies performed confirmatory factor analyses. A five-factor solution has consistently been reported for the 39-item version of the TEMPS-A. Overall, evidence indicates that different versions of the TEMPS have adequate internal consistency reliability, while the TEMPS-A-110 version has acceptable test-retest reliability. The methodological quality of included studies varied. LIMITATIONS: A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of settings and versions of the TEMPS utilized. CONCLUSIONS: Different versions of the TEMPS have been validated across different cultures. The short 39-item version of the TEMPS-A holds promise and merits further investigation. Culture-bound factors may influence the expression and/or assessment of affective temperaments with the TEMPS.
Assuntos
Inventário de Personalidade , Temperamento , Adulto , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Jealousy is a heterogenous emotion on a spectrum from normality to psychopathology. The relationship between different jealousy subtypes/dimensions and affective temperaments remain unknown. In addition, few large surveys have investigated the associations between jealousy subtypes and psychopathological dimensions. METHODS: A Brazilian Portuguese version of the "Questionario della Gelosia" (QUEGE) was developed. We obtained data from an anonymous web-based research platform. Socio-demographic data was obtained and participants answered the QUEGE, the TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). RESULTS: 2042 participants (29% men, 71% female, mean age+SD: 28.9±8.8 years), took part in this survey. Confirmatory factor analysis provided a five-factor model for the QUEGE with self-esteem, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, fear of being abandoned, and obsessive dimensions. The anxious, irritable, cyclothymic, and depressive temperaments were independently associated with jealousy dimensions, whereas the hyperthymic temperament was associated with lower scores on the self-esteem jealousy dimension (N=2042, P<0.001). Jealousy subtypes were dissimilarly associated with SCL-90R psychopathological dimensions, whereas the 'obsessive' jealousy dimension was not significantly associated with SCL-90R dimension scores. We found no independent influence of gender across any jealousy dimension. LIMITATIONS: A convenience web-based sample was employed. Cross-sectional design precludes the establishment of causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that a five-factor solution may provide the best-fit model for the QUEGE. Different jealousy subtypes were independently associated with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions. These associations reported herein should be confirmed in prospective studies.
Assuntos
Ciúme , Inventário de Personalidade , Temperamento , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Psicológicos , Projetos Piloto , Autoimagem , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O Transtorno Disfórico Pré-Menstrual (TDPM) afeta aproximadamente três a oito por cento das mulheres em idade fértil. Tal quadro é caracterizado por uma miríade demanifestações psicológicas (tristeza, irritabilidade, choro fácil, etc.) e físicas (dores nas articulações, inchaço, sensibilidade mamária etc.). O TDPM gera enorme sofrimento amulheres que apresentam esse quadro, acarretando disfunção no trabalho, nas relações interpessoais e prejuízo na qualidade de vida. A sintomatologia é cíclica e surge na fase lúteado ciclo menstrual, desaparecendo após o início da menstruação. Temperamentos afetivos são considerados manifestações subclínicas e precursores dos transtornos afetivos. Neste trabalho,buscou-se validar a Ferramenta de Triagem de Sintomas Pré-Menstruais (PSST), bem comoverificar se diferentes temperamentos afetivos e dimensões emocionais estariam associados a um rastreio positivo para TDPM em uma amostra de mulheres brasileiras e como a gravidaded estes sintomas poderia impactar de modo independente a qualidade de vida nesta amostra.Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal realizado em instituições universitárias do Estado do Ceará [Universidade Federal do Ceará UFC, Centro Universitário Christus Unichristus e Universidade de Fortaleza UNIFOR, bem como no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC), com estudantes universitárias, docentes e profissionais da saúde, totalizando uma amostra de 801 mulheres...
percent of women of childbearing age. This situation is characterized by a myriad ofpsychological (sadness, irritability, tearfulness, etc.) and physical (joint pain, bloating, breasttenderness, etc.) manifestations. PMDD generates significant distress to women leading topsychosocial dysfunction and impaired quality of life. The symptoms are cyclical and appearin the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, disappearing after the onset of menstruation.Affective Temperaments are considered subclinical manifestations and intermediatephenotypes of affective disorders. In this work, we sought to validate the PremenstrualSymptoms Screening Tool (PSST). In addition, we aimed to verify if different affectivetemperaments and emotional dimensions could be associated with a positive screening forPMDD in a sample of Brazilian women and how the severity of premenstrual symptomscould independently impact the quality of life of this sample. This is a quantitative and crosssectionalstudy in universities of Ceará [Federal University of Ceará - UFC, University CentreChristus - Unichristus and University of Fortaleza UNIFOR, as well as at the UniversityHospital Walter Cantídio (HUWC)], with university students, teachers and healt hprofessionals...
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Humanos , Transtorno Disfórico Pré-Menstrual , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar diferenças no perfil depersonalidade do médico que escolhe cirurgia e o médico que escolhepronto-socorro. Como base teórica para a discussão, foi utilizada a proposta apresentada por Kersey e Bates (1984) na definição de temperamentos que define os diferentes tipos de personalidades e sua forma de atuar no mundo. Participaram deste estudo 50 médicos, sendo 25 cirurgiões e 25 prontos-socorristas. Os médicos responderam a um questionário de identificação pessoal contendo algumas questões sobre motivos de escolha da profissão. Também responderam ao questionário de inclinações pessoais para identificação de seus temperamentos. O índice de médicos cirurgiões com temperamento SJ foi superior aos demais temperamentos, assim como o de prontos-socorristas com temperamento SP. Conclui-se que, pelo menos nesta amostra, a imagemprofissional do médico condiz com os atributos valorizados e desejadospor indivíduos com temperamento realista judicativo para os cirurgiões,e realista perceptível para os prontos-socorristas. (AU)
The aim of this study was to identify differences of psychologicalcharacteristics between surgeons and medical doctors that belong toemergency rooms (ER). It was chosen the Kersey and Bates (1984)sproposal of temperaments as the theoretical base to discuss the finds.Fifty medical doctors were contacted, 25 surgeons and 25 ERs doctors.They answered questions about their motifs for choosing their areas of actuation. Afterwards they answered a Personal Inclinations Indicator, based on Kersey and Bates instrument. As was theoretically expected, it was possible to identify that the temperament most frequent among the surgeons was sensation/judgement - SJ and the temperament most frequent among the ERs doctors was sensation/perception. (AU)
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Humanos , Temperamento , Escolha da Profissão , Medicina , MédicosRESUMO
O artigo visa entender as relações entre a potência psíquica do "engenho", algumas qualidades temperamentais específicas e as funções a serem exercidas pelo indivíduo possuidor destas características delineadas nos Catálogos da Companhia de Jesus ao longo dos séculos XVII e XVIII. Evidencia a presença destas associações como lugar-comum na literatura jesuítica da época, a importância do engenho como qualidade exigida para exercer ministérios relevantes na Ordem, e necessidade do indivíduo possuir uma complexão física adequada a estas exigências.
Cet article a le but de comprendre les rapports entre la puissance psychique de "l'ingéniosité", quelques qualités tempéramentales spécifiques et les fonctions à être exercées par l'individu détenteur de ces caractéristiques tracées dans les Catalogues de la Compagnie de Jésus au cours des siècles XVII et XVIII. On met en évidence la présence de ces associations comme lieu commun dans la littérature jésuitique de l'époque, l'importance de l'ingéniosité en tant que qualité exigée pour réaliser les ministères de l'Ordre , et la nécessité de l'individu avoir un ensemble physique adéquat à ces exigences.
The purpose of this article is to understand the psychic strength of the "understanding", some specific temperament features and the functions the individual with those features was supposed to perform, outlined in the Society of Jesus Catalogues throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. It evidences these associations as a common place in the Jesuit literature of that period, the importance of the understanding as a feature required to work in relevant ministries of the Order, and the need for individuals to have an appropriate physical complexion for these requirements.