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PURPOSE: To compare the effects of 7 weeks of training with different hang-power-clean (HPC) intensities on the maximum dynamic strength, vertical jump, and sprint performance of female handball players. METHODS: Professional handball athletes with at least 1 year of HPC experience volunteered to participate. The athletes were balanced by position and randomly assigned to a group with HPC at 90% (HPC90%) or 50% (HPC50%) of HPC 1-repetition maximum (1RM). The training volume was equalized between groups. Pretraining and posttraining assessments included 1RM HPC, jump height in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), and sprint speeds at 5, 20, and 30 m. RESULTS: From pretraining to posttraining, both groups significantly increased (P ≤ .05) 1RM HPC, although a small effect size was observed in favor of HPC90%. HPC90% and HPC50% did not induce significant changes (P > .05) in the SJ and CMJ height, although for the SJ, a small effect size was observed in favor of HPC90%. Both groups induced a significant improvement (P ≤ .05) in 5-, 20-, and 30-m sprint speeds, although for all speeds, small to moderate effect sizes were observed in favor of HPC90%. CONCLUSIONS: Both training groups induced significant improvements in 1RM HPC and sprint speeds, whereas no significant changes were observed in vertical jumps. In addition, based mainly on the effect sizes, the HPC90% group was more effective for increasing 1RM HPC, SJ, and sprint speeds than the HPC50% group.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by important extrapulmonary alterations that could affect the performance in dual task (DT) (motor and cognitive tasks executed simultaneously), which is defined as DT interference (DTI). Objective: To compare the performance of DT between individuals with COPD and healthy control subjects (HCSs). Methods: The literature search was conducted in seven databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar) up to December 2023, including studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Studies with individuals diagnosed with COPD older than 60 years, who were evaluated with any DT assessment, and compared with HCS were included. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). The meta-analysis was performed with JAMOVI software 5.4. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023435212). Results: From a total of 128 articles, 5 observational studies were selected in this review, involving 252 individuals aged between 60 and 80 years, from France, Italy, Canada, Turkey, and Belgium. Notable DTI was observed in individuals with COPD compared to HCS (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-1.75, p = 0.04). Individuals with COPD had impaired gait speed, balance control, muscle strength, and cognitive interference during DT compared to HCS. DT assessment protocols included different combination of motor and cognitive tasks, using functional test, gait analysis, and muscle strength paired with countdown and verbal fluency tasks. Studies presented low (n = 2), moderate (n = 1), and serious (n = 2) overall risk of bias. Conclusion: Older adults diagnosed with COPD exhibited a significant DTI compared to HCSs, which is characterized by poorer physical and cognitive performance during DT execution. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating DT assessments into clinical practice for individuals with COPD.

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Recognizing user intention in reach-to-grasp motions is a critical challenge in rehabilitation engineering. To address this, a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm based on the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) was developed for identifying motor actions using surface Electromyography (sEMG) during continuous reach-to-grasp movements, involving multiple Degrees of Freedom (DoFs). This study explores feature extraction methods based on time domain and autoregressive models to evaluate ELM performance under different conditions. The experimental setup encompassed variations in neuron size, time windows, validation with each muscle, increase in the number of features, comparison with five conventional ML-based classifiers, inter-subjects variability, and temporal dynamic response. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed ELM-based method, an openly available sEMG dataset containing data from 12 participants was used. Results highlight the method's performance, achieving Accuracy above 85%, F-score above 90%, Recall above 85%, Area Under the Curve of approximately 84% and compilation times (computational cost) of less than 1 ms. These metrics significantly outperform standard methods (p < 0.05). Additionally, specific trends were found in increasing and decreasing performance in identifying specific tasks, as well as variations in the continuous transitions in the temporal dynamics response. Thus, the ELM-based method effectively identifies continuous reach-to-grasp motions through myoelectric data. These findings hold promise for practical applications. The method's success prompts future research into implementing it for more reliable and effective Human-Machine Interface (HMI) control. This can revolutionize real-time upper limb rehabilitation, enabling natural and complex Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) like object manipulation. The robust results encourages further research and innovative solutions to improve people's quality of life through more effective interventions.

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Background: Burnout syndrome, characterized by physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion due to continuous exposure to high-stress work conditions, has been increasingly recognized as a serious occupational phenomenon, especially amongst healthcare professionals. Recent studies indicate that illegitimate tasks-activities unrelated to one's role are a significant factor contributing to burnout. However, given the variability of work environments across regions, these findings may not apply universally. Objective: To investigate the behavior of the relationship between burnout and illegitimate tasks among healthcare professionals in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods: We conducted a survey of 562 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, and medical/nursing interns, employing the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Bern Illegitimate Task Scale. Regression models were developed to predict burnout levels based on multiple factors, including demographic characteristics, professional roles, and perceptions of illegitimate tasks. Results: We revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between burnout and illegitimate tasks, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.320 to 0.588, with higher levels of illegitimate tasks leading to increased burnout. Interestingly, we also found that age and length of service were negatively correlated with burnout, suggesting that these factors may serve as protective elements against burnout. Conclusions: Illegitimate tasks had an impact on burnout amongst healthcare professionals and emphasized the need for organizational strategies aimed at better task management to mitigate burnout risk.

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In this study, we examined whether experience level and various dual motor and cognitive or single tasks influenced young soccer players' physical performance during small-sided games. Participants were 72 players from U-13 (n = 36) and U-17 (n = 36) groups who participated in 3-to-a-side small-sided games under four experimental conditions: control, a secondary motor task, an additional related secondary cognitive task, and an additional secondary non-specific task. We used GPS devices to measure physical performance in terms of distances covered and accelerations at different thresholds. We found no significant interaction effect between player experience and task condition (p = .540), meaning that dual tasks had comparable effects on players of different experience levels. There were significant main effects of both experience level (p < .001) and condition (p < .001) on most physically related variables. Older players outperformed younger ones, particularly in high-intensity actions. While secondary motor tasks decreased physical performance, secondary cognitive tasks, irrespective of specificity, did not impair players' performances. In conclusion, experience level did not influence the players' physical response to dual tasks, and a secondary motor task was more disruptive to physical performance than either of two types of secondary cognitive tasks. Cognitive tasks can be incorporated into soccer training without compromising physical performance.

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Este artículo trata la formación de la cultura metrológica, en los estudiantes de la Educación Preuniversitaria, desde las potencialidades del deporte y las clases de Educación Física, como uno de los elementos que debe ser priorizado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física y como parte de la preparación de los estudiantes para la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar un sistema de tareas docentes integradoras que permita aprovechar las potencialidades del deporte, en general, y las clases de Educación Física, en particular para la formación de la cultura metrológica en los estudiantes de décimo grado. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizaron los métodos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, modelación, observación, análisis documental, encuesta, entrevista y estadística descriptiva que permitieron procesar la información referente al tema objeto de investigación; así como determinar las causas de las insuficiencias que se presentan en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física, para la formación de la cultura metrológica de los estudiantes de décimo grado. El sistema de tareas docentes integradoras propuesto se caracterizó por armonizar núcleos conceptuales básicos para el tratamiento a los contenidos metrológicos como son la estimación y medición de magnitudes y la conversión de unidades de medida; además de aprovechar las potencialidades del deporte y las clases de Educación Física.

Este artigo trata da formação da cultura metrológica em alunos da Educação Pré-Universitária, a partir das potencialidades das aulas de esportes e de Educação Física, como um dos elementos que devem ser priorizados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física e como parte da preparação dos alunos para a vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conceber um sistema de tarefas didáticas integradoras que permita aproveitar as potencialidades do esporte, em geral, e das aulas de Educação Física, em particular, para a formação da cultura metrológica em alunos do décimo ano. Para desenvolver a pesquisa foram utilizados os seguintes métodos: analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, modelagem, observação, análise documental, levantamento, entrevista e estatística descritiva que permitiram o tratamento das informações referentes ao tema sob investigação; bem como determinar as causas das insuficiências que surgem no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física, para a formação da cultura metrológica dos alunos do décimo ano. O sistema de tarefas de ensino integrativo proposto caracterizou-se por harmonizar núcleos conceituais básicos para o tratamento de conteúdos metrológicos como a estimativa e medição de grandezas e a conversão de unidades de medida; além de aproveitar o potencial das aulas de esportes e Educação Física.

This article deals with the formation of metrological culture in Pre-University Education students, from the potential of sports and Physical Education classes, as one of the elements that must be prioritized in the teaching-learning process of Physics and as part of preparing students for life. The objective of this work was to design a system of integrative teaching tasks that allows taking advantage of the potential of sport, in general, and Physical Education classes, in particular, for the formation of metrological culture in tenth grade students. To develop the research, the following methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, modeling, observation, documentary analysis, survey, interview and descriptive statistics that allowed the processing of information regarding the topic under investigation; as well as determine the causes of the insufficiencies that arise in the teaching-learning process of Physics, for the formation of the metrological culture of tenth grade students. The proposed system of integrative teaching tasks was characterized by harmonizing basic conceptual cores for the treatment of metrological content such as the estimation and measurement of magnitudes and the conversion of measurement units; in addition to taking advantage of potential of the sports and Physical Education classes.

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Stroke is a neurological syndrome that usually causes a loss of voluntary control of lower/upper body movements, making it difficult for affected individuals to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) combined with robotic systems, such as Motorized Mini Exercise Bikes (MMEB), have enabled the rehabilitation of people with disabilities by decoding their actions and executing a motor task. However, Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs are affected by the presence of physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Thus, movement discrimination using EEG become challenging, even in pedaling tasks, which have not been well explored in the literature. In this study, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP)-based methods were proposed to classify pedaling motor tasks. To address this, Filter Bank Common Spatial Patterns (FBCSP) and Filter Bank Common Spatial-Spectral Patterns (FBCSSP) were implemented with different spatial filtering configurations by varying the time segment with different filter bank combinations for the three methods to decode pedaling tasks. An in-house EEG dataset during pedaling tasks was registered for 8 participants. As results, the best configuration corresponds to a filter bank with two filters (8-19 Hz and 19-30 Hz) using a time window between 1.5 and 2.5 s after the cue and implementing two spatial filters, which provide accuracy of approximately 0.81, False Positive Rates lower than 0.19, andKappaindex of 0.61. This work implies that EEG oscillatory patterns during pedaling can be accurately classified using machine learning. Therefore, our method can be applied in the rehabilitation context, such as MMEB-based BCIs, in the future.

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LAY ABSTRACT: In Ecuador, the low official estimate of the number of persons with autism spectrum disorder suggest that many children are not identified and are not receiving support. Screening tools are short parent-addressed questionnaires used to identify children that may be developing with autism. Their use is recommended, but their application can be perceived as challenging in paediatric routines. Some professionals prefer looking for autism-related behaviours in a child rather than using screening questionnaires. Although a short observation does not replace the use of validated screening questionnaires, tasks to guide the observation of autistic early signs can help professionals decide to screen or refer the family for assessment and early intervention. In this study, we tested observational tasks that could be adapted to the Ecuadorian paediatric contexts.

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Este estudo aborda o fenômeno do acúmulo de tarefas em contexto da atividade de trabalho humana, a partir de operadores teóricos da clínica da atividade, como instâncias do ofício, estilo, gênero profissional, poder de agir e trabalho bem feito. Tomou-se como base material empírico referente a narrativas de trabalhadores participantes de pesquisa desenvolvida em um Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos (SVO), por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de instrução ao sósia, realizadas com técnicos em necropsia. O referido material discursivo possibilitou o entendimento de que as submissões desses trabalhadores à tarefas alheias a seu ofício fizeram com que eles precisassem recorrer ao gênero profissional inerente a outros cargos, e dele se apropriar, originando o que aqui propõe-se denominar gênero profissional invasivo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o diálogo entre o acúmulo de tarefas alheias ao ofício e um possível desenvolvimento do gênero profissional, em termos da produção de um gênero profissional invasivo

This study addresses the accumulation of tasks in the context of human work activity, based on theoretical operators from the clinic of activity, such as instances of professional practice, style, professional genre, power to act and work well-done. Analysis used empirical material related to narratives of workers participating in research developed in a Division of Postmortem Inspection (SVO), by means of semi-structured interviews and instruction to the double conducted with necropsy technicians. Results showed that the need to perform unrelated tasks made these workers appeal to the professional genre inherent to other jobs and appropriate it, giving rise to an invasive professional genre. Thus, the objective was to establish a dialogue between the accumulation of unrelated tasks and the possible development of a professional genre in terms of an invasive professional genre

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Son numerosas las investigaciones que han abordado la tarea docente como un elemento esencial para la adquisición de conocimientos y el desarrollo de habilidades en estudiantes de diferentes niveles de formación y, de manera particular, en el universitario. Con respecto a ella, existen diversos enfoques en dependencia del punto de vista considerado. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo determinar los referentes necesarios para el diseño de un sistema de tareas docentes de contenidos histológicos para el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas (CBB) en la carrera de medicina. Se identificaron como regularidades esenciales, consideradas por los autores como referentes de valor: el reconocimiento de la tarea docente como un eslabón del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y un elemento básico de este, que persigue objetivos determinados y lleva implícita esencialmente la actividad del estudiante; es, por tanto, un recurso didáctico para planificar, organizar, regular y controlar su actividad encaminada a adquirir los conocimientos necesarios sobre la estructura histológica del organismo humano normal, además de entrenar habilidades y fomentar valores vinculados a la profesión para la cual se están formando. A partir de lo anterior se definió un concepto de tarea docente de CBB" y de contenidos histológicos(AU)

Very much research has addressed the teaching task as an essential element for knowledge acquisition and the development of skills in students at different levels of education, as well as at the university level in particular. With respect to this topic, there are different approaches, depending on the considered point of view. The aim of this article was to determine the necessary references for designing a system of teaching tasks with contents about histology for the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences in the medical major. The following were identified as essential regularities, considered by the authors to be valuable references: acknowledgment of the teaching task as a link within the teaching-learning process and a basic element of it, which pursues specific objectives and essentially involves the student's activity; it is, therefore, a didactic resource for planning, organizing, regulating and controlling their activity aimed at acquiring the necessary knowledge about the histological structure of the normal human organism, in addition to training skills and promoting values linked to the profession for which they are being trained. Based on the above, a concept was defined for teaching tasks in basic biomedical sciences and contents about histology(AU)

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The Brazilian Air Force (BAF) has developed physical evaluations focused on the demands required in combat scenarios, giving rise to the Simulated Tasks (STs). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine test-retest reliability and investigate learning effects of the five STs established among the BAF. Fifty-six subjects performed five STs three times, after completing a previous familiarisation session. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the occurrence of learning effects, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to identify the reliability of each ST. ANOVA revealed no significant differences in the subject's scores across trials for all the STs, and the ICCs ranged from 0.75 to 0.92 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study identified that the five STs showed no learning effects across three successive trials and exhibited high levels of reliability.

Understanding the reliability and learning effects of the STs established among the Brazilian Air Force is crucial for their potential implementation. The subjects performed five STs three times, over the course of seven days. The results highlighted no evidence of learning effects, and high levels of reliability.

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A heterogeneidade na dislexia do desenvolvimento pode ser compreendida por meio dos subtipos de dislexia do desenvolvimento (SDD), porém não foram encontrados estudos que avaliassem a literatura brasileira sobre SDD. A presente revisão buscou responder quais SDD foram identificados no português brasileiro. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos, em inglês ou português, que descrevessem ao menos um SDD, bem como critérios diagnósticos, com participantes brasileiros. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Scielo, Pubmed e Google Scholar. Como resultado, foram encontrados 11 estudos referentes a seis SDD, sendo as dislexias fonológicas e de superfície as mais presentes, e foram descritas as definições, critérios de identificação e instrumentos de avaliação utilizados em cada estudo. Foi discutida a heterogeneidade de definições, critérios de identificação e instrumentos de avaliação encontrados. Destacam-se o pequeno número de relatos em comparação com a literatura internacional e a necessidade de tarefas padronizadas, validadas e sensíveis aos SDD no português brasileiro.(AU)

The present review aimed to explore the subtypes of developmental dyslexia (SDD), identified in the Brazilian literature, considering the heterogeneity in developmental dyslexia. This review included empirical studies in English or Portuguese, involving Brazilian students, and describing at least one SDD, along with diagnostic criteria. Searches were conducted in the Scielo, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The review identified 11 studies, which covered six different SDD. Phonological and surface dyslexia were the most commonly reported subtypes. The review discussed the variations in definitions, identification criteria, and evaluation instruments used in these studies. It also highlighted the limited number of reports in the Brazilian literature compared to international sources and emphasized the need for standardized, validated tasks in Brazilian Portuguese that are SDD-sensitive.(AU)

La heterogeneidad en la dislexia del desarrollo puede comprenderse a través de los subtipos de dislexia del desarrollo (SDD), pero no se encontraron estudios que evalúen la literatura brasileña sobre SDD. Esta revisión buscó responder cuáles los SDD se han identificado en el portugués brasileño. Se incluyeron estudios empíricos con participantes brasileños en inglés o portugués que describieran al menos un SDD y sus criterios de diagnósticos. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Scielo, Pubmed y Google Scholar. Como resultado, se encontraron 11 estudios relacionados con seis SDD, siendo las dislexias fonológicas y de superficie las más comunes, y se describieron las definiciones, criterios de identificación e instrumentos de evaluación utilizados en cada estudio. Se discutió la heterogeneidad de definiciones, criterios de identificación y herramientas de evaluación encontradas. Se destaca el escaso número de informes en comparación con la literatura internacional y la necesidad de tareas estandarizadas, validadas y sensibles a SDD en el portugués brasileño.(AU)

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In the search to enhance ergonomic risk assessments for upper limb work-related activities, this study introduced and validated the efficiency of an inertial motion capture system, paired with a specialized platform that digitalized the OCRA index. Conducted in a semi-controlled environment, the proposed methodology was compared to traditional risk classification techniques using both inertial and optical motion capture systems. The inertial method encompassed 18 units in a Bluetooth Low Energy tree topology network for activity recording, subsequently analyzed for risk using the platform. Principal outcomes emphasized the optical system's preeminence, aligning closely with the conventional technique. The optical system's superiority was further evident in its alignment with the traditional method. Meanwhile, the inertial system followed closely, with an error margin of just ±0.098 compared to the optical system. Risk classification was consistent across all systems. The inertial system demonstrated strong performance metrics, achieving F1-scores of 0.97 and 1 for "risk" and "no risk" classifications, respectively. Its distinct advantage of portability was reinforced by participants' feedback on its user-friendliness. The results highlight the inertial system's potential, mirroring the precision of both traditional and optical methods and achieving a 65% reduction in risk assessment time. This advancement mitigates the need for intricate video setups, emphasizing its potential in ergonomic assessments.

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Introduction: In Haiti, the delegation of tasks to Multi-skilled Community Health Workers (locally called ASCP) is a strategy implemented by the Ministry of Public Health and Population to improve universal health coverage. Purpose of research: To contribute to the successful implementation of this strategy, this article reports on a case study of its implementation in the northern health department of Haiti. More specifically, this article provides information on the contextual factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of task delegation to ASCP. Results: The results obtained show notable progress in the implementation of task delegation to ASCP in the northern health department of Haiti. These mainly concern the following activities: selection, training, and deployment of ASCPs, endowment of work materials, supervision, collection and analysis of data on the results obtained. In September 2019, 215 ASCPs were active in the department. This corresponds to 44.3% of the 485 ASCPs planned to cover the department's needs. Several contextual factors hindering or facilitating the implementation of this intervention were also identified with 35 resource persons during semi-structured interviews. These relate to the planning and monitoring of the implementation of the intervention (cited by 12 out of 35 people), the institutional context (10/35), and political (17/35), structural (30/35) and environmental factors (7/35). Conclusions: This study highlights several contextual factors that need to be considered to ensure the successful implementation of the delegation of tasks to ASCP in Haiti and possibly in other contexts.

Introduction: En Haïti, la délégation des tâches aux Agents de Santé Communautaire Polyvalents (ASCP) est une stratégie mise en œuvre par le Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population en vue d'améliorer la couverture sanitaire universelle. But de l'étude: Afin de contribuer à la mise en œuvre réussie de cette stratégie, cet article rend compte d'une étude de cas portant sur son implantation dans le département sanitaire du nord d'Haïti. Plus spécifiquement, cet article renseigne sur les facteurs contextuels qui influencent la mise en œuvre de la délégation de tâches aux ASCP. Résultats: D'une manière générale, les résultats obtenus montrent des avancées notables dans la sélection, formation, dotation en matériels de travail, supervision et déploiement des ASCP. En septembre 2019, 215 ASCP étaient en activité dans le département sanitaire du nord d'Haïti, ce qui correspond à 44,3 % des 485 ASCP prévus pour couvrir les besoins du département. Plusieurs facteurs contextuels entravant ou facilitant la mise en œuvre de cette intervention ont été également identifiés auprès de 35 personnes-ressources lors d'entrevues semi-dirigées. Ceux-ci ont trait à la planification et au suivi de l'implantation de l'intervention (cités par 12 personnes sur 35), à l'environnement institutionnel (10/35) et à des facteurs d'ordre politique (17/35), structurel (30/35) et environnemental (7/35). Conclusions: Cette étude met en lumière plusieurs facteurs contextuels qu'il convient de prendre en compte pour assurer le succès de l'implantation de la délégation de tâches aux ASCP en Haïti et, éventuellement, dans d'autres contextes.

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Unlike much research on work engagement, there is not much literature focused on managers that discuss their job demands and resources related to digital challenges in today's organizations. Grounded in the JD-R model and considering the current digital world context, we build four research propositions and offer a work engagement framework that considers the boundary conditions of digital managerial tasks. Our conceptual framework relates the new job demands and resources to digital managerial tasks: digital adoption tasks and digital business model tasks. This conceptual article has theoretical and practical implications for organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and strategic management scholars and practitioners interested in studying managers' work engagement and digital managerial tasks.

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BACKGROUND: Today's work environments have high cognitive demands, and mental workload is one of the main causes of work stress, human errors, and accidents. While several mental workload studies have compared the mental workload perceived by groups of experienced participants to that perceived by novice groups, no comparisons have been made between the same individuals performing the same tasks at different times. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to compare NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) to Workload Profile (WP) in terms of their sensitivity. The comparison considers the impact of experience and task differentiation in the same individual once a degree of experience has been developed in the execution of the same tasks. It also considers the acceptability and intrusivity of the techniques. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 participants who performed four tasks in two sessions. The first session was performed when participants had no experience; the second session was performed after a time of practice. Mental workload was assessed after each session. Statistical methods were used to compare the results. RESULTS: The NASA-TLX proved to be more sensitive to experience, while the WP showed greater sensitivity to task differentiation. In addition, while both techniques featured a similar degree of intrusivity, the NASA-TLX received greater acceptability. CONCLUSION: The acceptability of WP is low due to the high complexity of its dimensions and clarifying explanations of these may be necessary to increase acceptability. Future research proposals should be expanded to consider mental workload when designing work environments in current manufacturing environments.

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The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of the learning tasks and leadership profile of the coach on the subjective perception of decision-making. In total, 910 Brazilian adolescents (14.00 ± 1.8 years) and 57 Brazilian coaches (45.57 ± 7.25 years) were included in the study, participants of a sports program in 37 public schools in the city of Curitiba in the state of Paraná. Ordinal logistic regression was used to verify the independent associations between the variables and the tertiles of the scores for each decision-making characteristic. The small-sized game learning tasks were positively associated with commitment to decision-making learning (CR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-1.49). Positive associations were also found between the coaches' leadership profile and decision-making competence.

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Existen un número importante de riesgos no relacionados al tabaco pasible de provocar la EPOC, por lo que la carga de la EPOC no tabáquica es mucho mayor de lo pensado. En los países del tercer mundo, existen importantes agentes de peligro no relacionados al tabaco pasibles de provocar la EPOC. No está aclarada la patogenia de la EPOC y su relación con la exposición laboral a polvos, gases y humos. Son necesarias más investigaciones experimentales y epidemiológicas de mayor magnitud para confirmar la relación entre estas dos variables. Aproximadamente el 15 % de la EPOC relacionada con el trabajo está agravada por el tabaquismo y continúan publicándose nuevos agentes que causan EPOC. Las mujeres presentan una manifestación clínica diferente de la EPOC y son -ante exposiciones semejantes- más propensas a desarrollar la enfermedad que los hombres. La protección personal de los trabajadores es de importancia, ya que es dificultoso valorar la naturaleza del polvo, humo o gases, su concentración ambiente y el tiempo de exposición.

There are a lot of risks unrelated to tobacco that can cause COPD, so the burden of non-smoking COPD is much greater than previously thought. In the Third World countries, there is a significant number of non-tobacco-related risk agents capable of causing COPD. The pathogenesis of COPD and its relationship with occupational exposure to dust, gases, and fumes is not fully understood. Further experimental and epidemiological research on a larger scale is needed to confirm the relationship between these two variables. Approximately 15 % of COPD is related to work, and aggravated by smoking. New agents causing COPD continue to be reported and published. Women exhibit a different clinical manifestation of COPD and, under similar exposures, are more prone to developing the disease compared to men. Personal protection for workers is of particular importance since it is challenging to as sess the nature of dust, smoke, or gases, their ambient concentration, and the duration of the exposure.

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El presente trabajo se ocupa de evaluar posibilidades del método de observación aplicado al análisis de estrategias de resolución de problemas en niños con discapacidad mediante juegos y tareas estructuradas. El marco teórico de referencia de esta contribución está representado por la teoría de la resolución de problemas, que contiene los principales procesos que intervienen en la gestión de los problemas y que nosotros aplicamos al desarrollo cognitivo y metacognitivo atípico. Junto con tres tareas diferentes estructuradas(Torre de Hanoi, Tetris y Bloques de construcción), usamos dos listas de comportamientos para codificar estrategias de resolución de problemas adoptadas por niños y/o adolescentes con desarrollo atípico. La aplicación de este tipo de observación con el uso de listas de comportamientos podría ser útil para crear en relación entre la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa para mejorar el conocimiento de las estrategias de resolución de problemas y competencias metacognitivas en niños desarrollados atípicos(AU)

This paper is concerned with evaluating the possibilities of the observational method applied to the analysis of problem-solving strategies in children with disabilities through structured tasks. The theoretical framework of reference for this contribution is represented by the theory of problem-solving, containing the main processes involved in problem management,which we apply to atypical cognitive and metacognitive development. Together with three different structured tasks (Tower of Hanoi, Tetris, and Building Blocks), we used two lists of behaviors to code problem-solving strategies adopted by children and/or adolescents with atypical development. The application of this type of observation with the use of lists of behaviors could be useful to create a link between qualitative and quantitative research to improve the knowledge of problem-solving strategies and metacognitive competencies in atypically developed children(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Prefabricated and customized insoles are used in clinical practice to reduce foot pronation. Although data exist on the effects at key points within the stance phase, exploring the impact of different insoles using time series analysis may reveal more detail about their efficacy. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the effects revealed by a time series analysis of arch-supported prefabricated insoles (PREFABRICATED) versus arch-supported prefabricated insoles customized with a 6º medial wedge (CUSTOMIZED) on the lower limb biomechanics during walking, stepping up and down tasks in individuals with pronated feet? METHODS: Nineteen individuals with excessive foot pronation performed walking, stepping up and down tasks using three insoles: CONTROL (flat insole), CUSTOMIZED, and PREFABRICATED. Angles and moments of ankle and knee coronal and hip transverse planes were compared between conditions using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). RESULTS: For walking, CUSTOMIZED reduced ankle eversion moment compared to CONTROL during midstance and PREFABRICATED during propulsion. CUSTOMIZED decreased KAM during midstance and propulsion compared to PREFABRICATED. Compared to CONTROL, CUSTOMIZED and PREFABRICATED reduced hip internal rotation during propulsion and loading response, respectively. CUSTOMIZED decreased eversion movement during midstance and propulsion for the stepping up task. PREFABRICATED reduced eversion movement during midstance in comparison to CONTROL. For the stepping down task, CUSTOMIZED increased eversion movement during propulsion compared to PREFABRICATED. CUSTOMIZED reduced hip internal rotation angle for stepping up task during propulsion, decreased medial rotation movement during midstance compared to CONTROL, and reduced medial rotation during midstance compared to PREFABRICATED. CUSTOMIZED increased KAM for stepping up and down tasks during propulsion. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that both CUSTOMIZED and PREFABRICATED reduce foot pronation. However, non-local effects, such as changes in KAM and hip internal rotation, were seen only in the CUSTOMIZED. Therefore, CUSTOMIZED may be preferable if the objective is to modify the knee and hip mechanics.

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