RESUMO
PIP: This news brief is about a video on adolescent reproductive health in developing countries, which was produced in preparation for the Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women. The video documents the adolescent experiences of a rural girl in Bangladesh, an urban girl in Mexico City, and a poor girl from rural Thailand. The photos and story explain the actual lives of these adolescent women and give voice to their thoughts about their lives. Moni, who is 13, lives in a remote rural village in Bangladesh. She began menstruating 6 months after her marriage. Her role is to do the housework for her husband's family of 12 people. There is no choice. Luz, who is 15 years of age and lives in Mexico City, experienced a nonmarital pregnancy and cessation of education. The unplanned pregnancy occurred due to lack of knowledge. The 19-year-old Nagor lived in a small Thai village until she became involved in prostitution through her sister and other village girls. The attraction was income to help her family. Lack of knowledge and being the youngest of 9 children contributed to her situation. The video uses these cases to illustrate the importance of empowerment of women through equal educational opportunity, access to reproductive health information and services, and economic independence. The cases illustrate dramatically how the lack of information can impact strongly on women's lives. The video is available with English narration. JOICFP has a variety of audio-visual materials on reproductive health education, family planning, and empowerment of women.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Países em Desenvolvimento , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Serviços de Informação , Medicina Reprodutiva , Gravação de Videoteipe , Direitos da Mulher , Fatores Etários , América , Ásia , Sudeste Asiático , Bangladesh , Comunicação , Demografia , Economia , Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Características da População , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Gravação em Fita , TailândiaRESUMO
PIP: JOICFP is producing a still photo video consisting of three segments from photos shot in Bangladesh (April 22 - May 2), Thailand (May 2-15), and Mexico (June 29 - July 7) in 1995. The first segment highlights the daily life of a husband, aged 20, and his wife, Moni, aged 14. Moni married at age 13, before the onset of menstruation, and now serves and feeds her husband's large extended family. The Family Planning Association of Bangladesh (FPAB), the local implementing agent of the Sustainable Community-based Family Planning/Maternal and Child Health (FP/MCH) Project with Special Focus on Women, which is supported by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and executed by JOICFP, introduced Moni to the concept of reproductive health and encouraged her to join other women in activities designed to improve their health and raise their economic status. The second segment depicts the life of a former commercial sex worker who is undergoing occupational skill development training promoted by the Population and Community Development Association. The girl is now a leader of teenagers in her village; she works to change attitudes that sent her to work as a prostitute with an estimated 150,000 other poor rural teenage women. The third segment focuses on teen pregnancy and the efforts of the Mexican Foundation for Family Planning (MEXFAM) in the areas of health care and education for adolescents.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Educação , Organizações , Gravidez na Adolescência , Medicina Reprodutiva , Gravação de Videoteipe , Direitos da Mulher , Fatores Etários , América , Ásia , Sudeste Asiático , Bangladesh , Comportamento , Comunicação , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Fertilidade , Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , México , América do Norte , População , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Comportamento Sexual , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Gravação em Fita , TailândiaRESUMO
GOAL OF THIS STUDY: This study examined the effectiveness of video-based patient education interventions on promoting condom use among men and women seeking services at a large public STD clinic in New York City. METHODS: Culturally sensitive video-based interventions designed to promote safer sex behaviors were evaluated in a randomized study of black and Hispanic male and female STD clinic patients. Subjects (n = 1,653) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) control, 2) video viewing, and 3) video viewing followed by participation in an interactive group session led by a trained facilitator. The authors examined 1) the effectiveness of interventions in increasing STD and condom-related knowledge, positive attitudes about condoms, human immunodeficiency virus/STD risk perceptions, and self-efficacy and 2) the relationships among these variables, level of intervention, and condom acquisition, a behavioral measure of condom use. RESULTS: Compared with a control group, subjects assigned to video viewing demonstrated greater knowledge about condoms and STDs, more positive attitudes about condom use, increased human immunodeficiency virus/STD risk perceptions, greater self-efficacy, and higher rates of condom acquisition. Subjects assigned to video viewing followed by interactive sessions demonstrated still further increases in risk perceptions, self-efficacy, and condom acquisition, but not in knowledge or condom attitudes. A significant proportion of the association between the behavioral outcome of condom acquisition and level of intervention is attributable to the impact of interventions on risk perception and self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on extensive formative research that identified barriers to safer sex behaviors, video-based interventions were developed to promote condom use among black and Hispanic men and women attending STD clinics. Designed to be integrated into clinic services, these interventions help improve knowledge, promote positive attitudes about condoms, and increase condom acquisition among individuals at high risk of acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus infection and other STDs.
PIP: In 1992 in New York City, 1653 Black and Hispanic men and women at the Morrisania STD Clinic in the South Bronx were randomly assigned to one of three groups [routine clinic services (control); video viewing (video titles: "Porque Si" for Hispanics and "Let's Do Something Different" for Blacks); and video viewing plus an interactive session] for a study assessing the effectiveness of video interventions in promoting condom acquisition. Condom acquisition was a proxy for condom use. STD patients in the video viewing groups increased their knowledge about condom use and STDs/AIDS (p 0.001). They had more positive attitudes about condom use (p = 0.0021), perceived themselves at a greater risk of contracting an STD or AIDS (p = 0.0314), and had higher levels of self-efficacy (p 0.0001). The video viewing plus interactive session group made further gains in measures of risk perception and self-efficacy (p 0.01) but not in knowledge or positive condom attitudes. 27.4% of the video viewing group and 22% of the routine clinic service group redeemed coupons for condoms at a neighborhood pharmacy compared to 41.4% of those in the video viewing plus interactive session group (p 0.0001). The multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that scores in knowledge, positive attitudes, perceived risk, and self-efficacy were greater among the video viewing group than the controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 1.07, 1.10, and 1.08, respectively; p 0.01). When comparing the video viewing group and the video viewing plus interactive session group, there were positive interactions between intervention and risk perception (OR = 1.08) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.07) (p 0.01) but not between intervention and positive condom attitudes. There was a negative interaction between intervention and knowledge for the video viewing plus interactive session group (OR = 0.92; p 0.01). These findings suggest that culturally sensitive video-based interventions improve knowledge, promote positive condom attitudes, and increase condom acquisition among persons at high risk of STDs and AIDS.
Assuntos
Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Educação Sexual/métodos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Gravação de Videoteipe , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Região do Caribe/etnologia , República Dominicana/etnologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Porto Rico/etnologia , Assunção de Riscos , Grupos de Treinamento de Sensibilização , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/psicologiaRESUMO
PIP: A workshop was held December 9 in Kathmandu to introduce participants to three innovative information, education and communication materials developed for China with funds from UNFPA/JOICFP. This workshop was a follow-up to two others held early in 1993 in Kuala Lumpur and Tokyo. The first workshop focused upon printed educational materials for preadolescent girls, while the second was aimed at producing video scripts for women's health. The deputy director and secretary general of the Shanghai International Center for Population Communication, China, introduced the participants to the eight types of menstrual record cards produced for pre-adolescent girls and two videos, one for STD prevention and one for AIDS prevention. Aimed at encouraging girls to accept and better understand their reproductive cycles, the menstrual record cards have been distributed to young girls in Shanghai. They were produced from several prototypes created at the Kuala Lumpur workshop and with information from a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey conducted among school girls in Shanghai. The STD video was broadcast nationwide on China Central TV before the workshop, while the AIDS video was broadcast on World AIDS Day on December 1 in Shanghai and Yunnan. The second part of the workshop focused upon the experiences of the Mexican Foundation for Family Planning (MEXFAM) which has been promoting an adolescent health program. The third part of the workshop offered a video developed by a Vietnamese nongovernmental organization designed to raise women's self-esteem. Another recently produced JOICFP video on Asia was presented, while participants were given a demonstration of a prototype for a new easier to carry, simpler, and cheaper version of the educational Magnel Kit.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Educação , Infecções por HIV , Educação em Saúde , Serviços de Informação , Pesquisa , Educação Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Gravação de Videoteipe , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , América , Ásia , Sudeste Asiático , Criança , China , Comunicação , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Ásia Oriental , Planejamento em Saúde , Infecções , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , México , América do Norte , População , Características da População , Gravação em Fita , Vietnã , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: In Lima, Peru, a study was conducted that evaluated the influences on mothers' decisions regarding breastfeeding. Local views and health professional advice was ascertained. A follow-up study of a group of pregnant women was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice in regard to the early feeding of their children. The women were interviewed in their homes before delivery, as soon as possible after delivery, and twice a week until their babies were 1 month old. The experience of the mother was the key factor, but advice from relatives, neighbors, and health professionals was also important. A lack of information about exclusive breast feeding was common. Although the women knew breast feeding was good, they were unaware that exclusive breast feeding was best. Health workers knew to advise against other milks, but failed to advise mothers against the use of herbal teas and sweetened water as supplements. The women commonly believed they were unable to produce enough milk to feed their children because of their own undernourishment. Others believed exclusive breast feeding would worsen their own health, while some experienced difficulties breast feeding. This led to supplementation with other milks; herbal teas were given to cure colic and to quench infants' thirst. Based on these findings, the project focused educational efforts on providing better information to mothers. Messages stressed the thirst quenching property of breast milk and its similar benefits to herbal tea, which should be consumed by the mother, rather than the infant. Since breast feeding practices were closely linked to mothers' beliefs about their own needs, the project emphasized the value and needs of the mother and the benefits of breast feeding for her. Educational activities, which continued for 12 months, included videos shown to small groups of mothers, posters, distribution of pamphlets, and messages broadcast over loudspeakers. A significant increase in the number of children aged 0-4 months being exclusively breast fed was observed; however, the increase only occurred in the second, third, and fourth month. This seemed to be a direct result of the decrease in use of herbal teas and sweetened waters. The number of women using other milks as supplements did not decrease significantly.^ieng
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Coleta de Dados , Atenção à Saúde , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Seguimentos , Processos Grupais , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Relações Interpessoais , Entrevistas como Assunto , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Mães , Ensino , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Educação , Características da Família , Relações Familiares , Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , América Latina , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Organização e Administração , Pais , Peru , Pesquisa , Estudos de Amostragem , América do Sul , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
PIP: In 1991-1992, Via Libre, a nongovernmental organization (NGO), developed an information program for the general public in Lima using a portable pavilion. The metallic structure is 32 square meters and houses 30 posters with prevention messages. Collaboration with another NGO, Instituto Generacion, resulted in the production of a 7 minute video of basic information that is shown continuously at the pavilion. Facilitators distribute printed materials. Occasionally, a third NGO, Asociacion Germinal, provides street clowns who carry prevention messages to accompany the exhibit. Due to positive public response, the exhibit became "The Information Traveling Pavilion" in 1993; the exhibit has traveled to more than seven cities throughout Peru. Via Libre staff provide local health workers with information update courses and counseling workshops in order to respond to increased public demands for information and support following the activities. 75 private enterprises have provided support for the program. Radio and television collaborate in publicizing the activities.^ieng
Assuntos
Educação , Educação em Saúde , Instituições Privadas de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Organização e Administração , Organizações , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Comunicação , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Peru , América do Sul , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
PIP: Zanmi Lasante (Health Friends), a nongovernmental organization (NGO) based in rural Haiti, provides an example of the effective role NGOs can play in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention. The group has produced a video, "Chache Lavi, Detwi Lavi," based on the true story of a rural woman who became infected when she migrated to Port-au-Prince to seek employment. The video illustrates the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and broader social issues such as peasants' access to land, political upheaval, and unequal gender relationships. To promote collaboration, Save the Children established the NGO Coalition for the Prevention of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in the Central Plateau. Women, particularly adolescent females, are the coalition's target population. Activities have included literacy and income generation training for women, development of algorithms for STD treatment without laboratory diagnosis, a training course for health professionals on STD services and counseling, training of trainers workshops, and preparation of informational materials. The 10 participating NGOs and private voluntary organizations meet quarterly to share information and evaluate programs.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Planejamento em Saúde , Organizações , População Rural , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Região do Caribe , Comunicação , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Haiti , Infecções , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Características da População , Gravação em Fita , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: The video No rubber, no way] provides facts on HIV/AIDS and prevention, and talks about problems faced by youths living on the street. It was produced by the Popular Image Creation Center (CECIP) in cooperation with the National Movement of Street Children and the Sao Martinho Foundation. The video is fast-paced and humorous with a young actor posing as a "streetkid reporter" who interviews adults on how they would help street youths as well as street youths themselves. Safer drug injection practices, safety precautions needed in donating blood, how to request HIV tests, and the dilemma of condoms being too large for some young boys are discussed. Animated sequences are used to convey technical data, while moves in a soccer match are compared to sexual intercourse. The video has been used by agencies working with street children, private and public schools, and adults. It is also shown during daily programs in public squares organized by CECIP's community television project in peripheral areas of Rio de Janeiro. CECIP is working on a booklet to accompany the video which will be available in bookstores and newsstands.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Adolescente , Preservativos , Genitália Masculina , Infecções por HIV , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Pesquisa , Gravação de Videoteipe , Senso de Humor e Humor como Assunto , Fatores Etários , América , Comportamento , Biologia , Brasil , Comunicação , Anticoncepção , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Diagnóstico , Doença , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Genitália , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Fisiologia , População , Características da População , América do Sul , Gravação em Fita , Sistema Urogenital , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: A fictional story using publicity-type language was depicted in an AIDS prevention video produced by the Health in Prostitution Project in Rio de Janeiro to support its work with prostitutes. The video was produced through the volunteer efforts of a professional cast and crew who used cultural entertainment codes to raise awareness. Although both established and new actors participated, the cast was comprised of largely famous soap opera and movie artists. This approach was chosen was the understanding that Brazilians watch soap operas 4-5 hours/day and would therefore readily recognize and pay attention to messages conveyed by the protagonists. The video was shot 2 weeks before Carnival when most actors usually rest and received wide media coverage and attention from the public sector. Prostitutes participated in all stages of production, from script-writing to casting to final editing. The video, Venus Fire, describes a pleasure lottery of which the prize is a lucky condom. The video was officially released on World AIDS Day 1992, and broadcast nationwide in January 1993. It was then subsequently aired in public squares and other street worker sites with question-and-answer sessions and public debates among average audience of 200-300 people. Similar health projects elsewhere in Brazil have also show the film with very good audience response. The prostitutes are happy that their profession is being treated with respect, while clients are attracted by the sexy images.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Comportamento , Brasil , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Comportamento Sexual , América do Sul , Gravação em Fita , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: The Center for Family Orientation (COF), a private family planning agency with clinics in 8 provinces of Bolivia, initiated a bold, scientifically planned, and successful mass media campaign in 1986. As late as 1978 the Bolivian government had been hostile to COF. The Johns Hopkins University/Population Communication Services helped COF determine that the Bolivian public and its leaders were open to more information about family planning. Bolivia, the poorest Latin American country, then had 7 million people, expected to double in 27 years. There are 2 distinct indigenous groups, the Aymara and the Quechua, and Spanish-speaking people, centered in the cities of La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz, respectively. Only 4% of couples use modern family planning methods. Initial surveys of 522 opinion leaders, 300 family planning users, focus groups of users, and a population survey of 1300 people in 8 provinces showed that 90% wanted modern family planning services. Radio was chosen to inform potential users about COF's services, to increase clinic attendance, and to involve men. To obtain support from public leaders, 10 conferences were held. The 1st series of radio messages focused on health benefits of family planning and responsible parenthood; the 2nd series gave specific benefits, information on child spacing, breast feeding, and optimal ages for childbearing. Besides 36,800 radio spots broadcast on 17 stations, booklets, posters, calendars, promotional items, and audiotapes to be played in public busses, were all designed, pretested, and revised. New acceptors increased 71% during the 11-month campaign. Success of the project influenced the start of the National Reproductive Health Project and new IEC efforts planned through cooperation of public and private institutions.^ieng
Assuntos
Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Comunicação , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Folhetos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Cooperação do Paciente , Setor Privado , Opinião Pública , Rádio , Gravação em Fita , América , Atitude , Comportamento , Bolívia , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Saúde , Instalações de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Organização e Administração , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Psicologia , Pesquisa , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The outcome of the Women's Workshop in Oaxaca, Mexico in February 1992 is presented. 76 participants discussed strategies for promoting women's health and development in Latin America and the Caribbean and reviewed progress on last year's Plan of Action. In Colombia many points in the Plan were adopted by government policy and the Council for Women, Youth and Family. The information, education and communication (IEC) materials were helpful to a Brazilian participant in producing IEC materials and another workshop would help her support training for community leaders. The flip charts on Women's Rights to Health with topics on maternal and child health, reproductive health, and family planning (FP) were highly evaluated. Other successful materials were a video promoting breast feeding and women's rights which was produced by the Guatemala FP Association (APROFAM) and an AIDS prevention video for women made by the Center for Mothers, Children, Infants and FP of Brazil. Not only did participants evaluate materials but they also had to participate in discussions and present their ideas for a film promoting women's health at the sub-regional level. A field trip was conducted to Integrated Project (IP) villages in Oaxaca, and participants observed field workers using "Now, a New Wind Blows," a photo made by the UNFPA and JOICFP, to mobilize women. This booklet reputedly helped to mobilize a group of 70 women in the village of San Lucas Cuilapan. A comparison was made to the 1st workshop which provided an overview of the status of women in the region and the 4th which manifested concrete results and active participation of all involved.^ieng
Assuntos
Educação , Direitos Humanos , Serviços de Informação , Bem-Estar Materno , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Gravação de Videoteipe , Direitos da Mulher , Mulheres , América , Região do Caribe , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , Política , Opinião Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do Sul , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
PIP: The Nutrition Communication Project has overseen production of a training video interpersonal communication for health workers involved in growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) programs in Latin America entitled Comuniquemonos, Ya] Producers used the following questions as their guidelines: Who is the audience?, Why is the training needed?, and What are the objectives and advantages of using video? Communication specialists, anthropologists, educators, and nutritionists worked together to write the script. Then video camera specialists taped the video in Bolivia and Guatemala. A facilitator's guide complete with an outline of an entire workshop comes with the video. The guide encourages trainees to participate in various situations. Trainees are able to compare their interpersonal skills with those of the health workers on the video. Further they can determine cause and effect. The video has 2 scenes to demonstrate poor and good communication skills using the same health worker in both situations. Other scenes highlight 6 communication skills: developing a warm environment, asking questions, sharing results, listening, observing, and doing demonstration. All types of health workers ranging from physicians to community health workers as well as health workers from various countries (Guatemala, Honduras, Bolivia, and Ecuador) approve of the video. Some trainers have used the video without using the guide and comment that it began a debate on communication 's role in GMP efforts.^ieng
Assuntos
Publicidade , Pessoal Técnico de Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Proteção da Criança , Comunicação , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Objetivos , Crescimento , Relações Interpessoais , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Ensino , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Comportamento , Biologia , Bolívia , América Central , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Equador , Educação , Guatemala , Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Honduras , América Latina , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde , América do Norte , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Organização e Administração , América do Sul , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
PIP: Peru developed its first use of video for training and education in rural areas over a decade ago. On completion of the project in 1986, over 400,000 peasants had attended video courses lasting from 5-20 days. The courses included rural health, family planning, reforestation, agriculture, animal husbandry, housing, nutrition, and water sanitation. There were 125 course packages made and 1,260 video programs from 10-18 minutes in length. There were 780 additional video programs created on human resource development, socioeconomic diagnostics and culture. 160 specialists were trained to produce audiovisual materials and run the programs. Also, 70 trainers from other countries were trained. The results showed many used the training in practical applications. To promote rural development 2 things are needed , capital and physical inputs, such as equipment, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. The video project provided peasants an additional input that would help them manage the financial and physical inputs more efficiently. Video was used because many farmers are illiterate or speak a language different from the official one. Printed guides that contained many illustrations and few words served as memory aids and group discussions reinforced practical learning. By seeing, hearing, and doing, the training was effective. There were 46% women which made fertility and family planning subjects more easily communicated. The production of teaching modules included field investigations, academic research, field recording, tape editing, and experimental application in the field. An agreement with the peasants was initiated before a course began to help insure full participation and to also make sure resources were available to use the knowledge gained. The courses were limited to 30 and the cost per participant was $34 per course.^ieng
Assuntos
Recursos Audiovisuais , Comunicação , Educação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Planejamento Social , Gravação em Fita , Ensino , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , América Latina , Organização e Administração , Peru , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The Chilean Red Cross Society and the family planning association--APROFA, International Planned Parenthood Federation's affiliate, are joining forces to help prevent the spread of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. APROFA established a working group to study the knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behavior of students at the National Training Institute, INACAP. 7000 students were sampled in 11 Chilean cities. The study found that 36% of the females, and 77% of males were sexually active before the age of 20. Nearly 1/2 of the women and 1/5 of the men did not know that condoms could protect them against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pregnancy. APROFA designed a program to increase students knowledge of AIDS, reduce promiscuity and increase knowledge of and use of condoms. In October, 1988 an educational package distributed, consisting of a training manual, slides, educational booklets, a poster, and a video of 3 films. It has proved so successful that APROFA has adapted it for community groups, educational institutions, and its youth program. APROFA/Red Cross nurses and Red Cross volunteers have participated in workshops and training with the package. The Red Cross has organized AIDS-related activities in Chile since 1986, including education campaigns, information for blood donors, and a telephone hotline to provide AIDS counseling. Goals are to target more poor areas and groups outside of society's mainstream in the next year for sex education and information on STDs.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Atitude , Preservativos , Coleta de Dados , Educação , Infecções por HIV , Educação em Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Agências Internacionais , Conhecimento , Comportamento Sexual , Estudantes , Materiais de Ensino , População Urbana , Gravação de Videoteipe , Instituições Filantrópicas de Saúde , América , Comportamento , Chile , Comunicação , Anticoncepção , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Organização e Administração , Organizações , População , Características da População , Psicologia , Pesquisa , Estudos de Amostragem , América do Sul , Gravação em Fita , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: Mexico,s family planning programs have been directed towards women of childbearing age. However, Mexico's family planning movement is now mature enough to set more ambitious goals. This paper deals exclusively with the programs for young people. MEXFAM's basic strategy has been to create, not a separate structure, but rather a movement that infiltrates all the other youth organizations. In general terms, the objectives of MEXFAM's young people's movement are to promote knowledgeable participants among those who do not have sexual relations yet, obtain active users of birth control among those who already have sexual relations, and retard the 1st pregnancy until after the woman is 20 years old. For a better chance to reach these goals, the young people's movement is using a series of untraditional methods so as to avoid the authoritarian options dictated by adult criteria. One of these educational mediums that awaken the consciousness and sense of responsibility in the youth is the video. MEXFAM's youth films are directed to different aspects of sexuality. "Dream of Reality" and "With Hands in the Pockets," deal with adolescent pregnancy; "Like Buddies" with parent-child relationships; "Escape," with drug addiction and sexual responsibility, and "The Last Train" with myths and taboos that go with 1st sexual relations. 4 of these films were produced with the help of JOICFP. 5 films planned for this year are on: the adolescent mother and communication with her own mother, communication in the adolescent couple, prostitution, the media and sexuality, and contagious sexual illness.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Educação , Educação em Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Filmes Cinematográficos , Pesquisa , Educação Sexual , Gravação em Fita , Ensino , Gravação de Videoteipe , Fatores Etários , América , América Central , Comunicação , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Características da PopulaçãoRESUMO
PIP: One of the short educational video programs produced by MEXFAM is called The Last Train, a love story of 2 teenagers which vividly describes the type of adolescent problems confronting Mexican society today. The film raises a number of questions which teenagers do not often consider. The objective of the film is to put in evidence the principles, myths, beliefs, omissions, and misinformation that exist between youth and adults regarding early genital urges. The movie aims to reach underprivileged urban youth between the ages of 11 and 20 years, as well as teachers and parents who are sensitive to youth's sex problems. MEXFAM emphasizes that the educational objective of the film should be pointed out to its audiences before it is shown. After the screening the main points recommended for discussion are: genital attraction, physical control, masturbation, virginity, and 1st sexual experience. MEXFAM also provides audiences with values sheets on which the participants are to write their reactions to certain situations in the film.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Educação , Educação em Saúde , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Filmes Cinematográficos , Pesquisa , Educação Sexual , Gravação em Fita , Ensino , Gravação de Videoteipe , Fatores Etários , América , América Central , Comunicação , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Características da PopulaçãoRESUMO
PIP: Social development communication activities are competing with all of the other communication activities for the attention of the audience. The Johns Hopkins University/Population Communication Services (JHU/PCS) strongly believes that one of the best ways to get the attention of a designated audience, and to keep it, is to entertain the audience and educate it at the same time. They call this concept enter-educate. The basic precepts of this approach include: 1) Choose the most appropriate medium to reach the intended audience; 2) Enlist professionals experienced in the chosen medium in order to have access to the best available resources; 3) Develop a high-quality product that will attract the commercial sector; 4) Use a medium which has a big regional or national audience; and 5) Make the program appealing by including entertainment elements appropriate for the intended audience and not obviously preachy. The most successful project that JHU/PCS has supported that incorporated the concept of enter-educate is the Communication for Young People project in Latin America, better known as the Tatiana and Johnny project. This project used popular music, and its spin offs, to reach young people in 11 Spanish-speaking countries with a sexual responsibility message. Other successful projects in Nigeria and Mali are also described. Nigeria used television shows with family planning skits; in Mali the traditional Koteba theatrical format was made into films for short cinema showings before the main feature.^ieng
Assuntos
Comunicação , Educação , Educação em Saúde , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Filmes Cinematográficos , Pesquisa , Educação Sexual , Gravação em Fita , Ensino , Televisão , Gravação de Videoteipe , África , África Subsaariana , África do Norte , África Ocidental , América , América Central , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Mali , México , Nigéria , América do Norte , Organização e AdministraçãoRESUMO
PIP: The Brazilian Interdisciplinary Association of AIDS (ABIA) reports that the number of AIDS cases in Brazil is now 4600, or the 4th highest nation worldwide. ABIA is a nongovernmental organization founded in 1986 by doctors, scientists and public health professionals. Cases are doubling every 10 months. Contrary to the popular belief that AIDS is a problem of the elite, the poor with their lack of public health services are increasingly stricken. A key issue in Brazil is the many private, unregulated blood banks. 85% of the hemophiliacs in Rio de Janeiro are infected with HIV. 18-20% of all AIDS cases were infected by contaminated blood. ABIA has launched a national education campaign targeting women, slum dwellers, adolescents and other risk groups. They have produced flyers, posters, booklets, videos and slide shows, with the help of community and women's groups. These materials have been adapted by the Toronto, Canada health department for its Portuguese-speaking immigrant communities.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Comunicação , Doença , Infecções por HIV , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Folhetos , Pobreza , Prevalência , Gravação em Fita , Gravação de Videoteipe , Viroses , América , Brasil , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Organização e Administração , Pesquisa , Projetos de Pesquisa , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The most widely played song in Mexico in March 1986 is a special record designed to encourage young people to be sexually responsible and not to bring into the world children they cannot care for. "It's OK to say 'no,'" is the message of a unique new family planning and health communication project designed to reach young people in 11 Spanish speaking countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. What makes this ambitious regional project so unique is not just the message or the remarkable success of the 1st song but the combination of materials that were produced, the way they were produced, and how they are now being used throughout the region. The Population Communication Services project in the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health (JHU/PCS) has been working in Latin America and elsewhere for 4 years to support innovative family planning communication projects. It became evident that 1 key group was not being reached, i.e., young people aged 13-18 who comprise approximately 30% of the total population in Latin America. The fertility and sexual behavior of young people have a significant impact on their own lives, their community, their country, and the region. Early pregnancy is a major health and social problem throughout the region and the world. To address this problem, the JHU/PCS decided to develop a regional Latin American project to make young people more sharply aware of the personal advantages to them of responsible parenthood. JHU/PCS put together a financial, marketing, and institutional package. The US Agency for International Development (USAID) provided the finances. Analysis showed that the common denominator for young people throughout the region is music. The decision was made to produce 2 songs, each with a music video, pressed on each side of 45 rpm single records and enclosed in a full-size, full-color, 2-sided record jacket which folds out into a poster. The next step was to refine the general message of sexual responsibility to a specific message, one that young people would listen to and that would not offend others. Once the artists and the messages had been identified, a contest was held for the music and lyrics, with more than 20 professional composers participating. An underlying concern built into the design of this project was that the materials had to appeal to young people as popular songs, not as educational materials. The marketing of what became known as the "Tatiana & Johnny Project" included sending: copies of the record to 3020 radio stations; copies of the record and music videos to 250 television stations; press kits to 350 newspapers, magazines, and journals; and brochures about the project to 3500 media representatives throughout the region. Initial reaction to the project has been overwhelmingly positive. Lessons learned from the project are identified.^ieng