RESUMO

Field and laboratory studies were conducted with the Neotropical red-shouldered stink bug Thyanta perditor (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aiming to evaluate parasitism incidence on adults by tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), which were raised in the laboratory for identification. Egg deposition by flies on adult body surface was mapped. In addition, nymph and adult incidence on the wild host plant black jack, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), during the vegetative and the reproductive periods of plant development was studied. Seven species of tachinid flies were obtained: Euthera barbiellini Bezzi (73% of the total) and Trichopoda cf. pictipennis Bigot (16.7%) were the most abundant; the remaining five species, Gymnoclytia sp.; Phasia sp.; Strongygaster sp.; Cylindromyia cf. dorsalis (Wiedemann); and Ectophasiopsis ypiranga Dios & Nihei added 10.3% of the total. Tachinid flies parasitism on T. perditor adults was significantly greater on the dorsal compared to the ventral body surface. On the dorsal surface, the pronotum was significantly preferred and the wings the least preferred site. No differences were observed on the number of tachinid fly eggs deposited on wings, considering the "under" and "above" sites. Results indicated a significantly greater number of nymphs on mature compared to immature seeds. Adults significantly preferred immature compared to mature seeds; both were less abundant on leaves/stems and inflorescences.

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Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurquí de Moravia, San José Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurquí), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification.        Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods.        Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurquí with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapantí and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurquí respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurquí did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase.        Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurquí is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera.        Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites.        Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.

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BACKGROUND: We describe five new species in the genus Vibrissina Rondani from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG). All species were reared from wild-caught sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Argidae and Tenthredinidae). We provide a morphological description of each species together with information on life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. NEW INFORMATION: Five new species of Vibrissina Rondani: Vibrissina randycurtisisp. n., V. randyjonesisp. n., V. robertwellsisp. n., V. danmartinisp. n., V. hallwachsorumsp. n.

RESUMO

Novos nomes e sinonímias são propostos para Tachinidae da Região Neotropical, principalmente do Brasil. Os seguintes nomes (13) são propostos para homônimos secundários juniores: Jurinella neobesa, novo nome para Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, novo nome para Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, novo nome para Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, novo nome para Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, novo nome para Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, novo nome para Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, novo nome para Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, novo nome para Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, novo nome para Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, novo nome para Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, novo nome para Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, novo nome para Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); e Phasia aurodysderci, novo nome para Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). E duas sinonímias são propostas (restauradas): Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905), e Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830).

New replacement names and synonymies are proposed for Neotropical Tachinidae, mainly from Brazil. The following 13 new replacement names are proposed for junior secondary homonyms: Jurinella neobesa, new name for Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, new name for Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, new name for Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, new name for Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, new name for Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, new name for Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, new name for Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, new name for Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); and Phasia aurodysderci, new name for Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). And the two following synonymies are proposed (reinstated): Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830); and Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Novos nomes e sinonímias são propostos para Tachinidae da Região Neotropical, principalmente do Brasil. Os seguintes nomes (13) são propostos para homônimos secundários juniores: Jurinella neobesa, novo nome para Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, novo nome para Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, novo nome para Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, novo nome para Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, novo nome para Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, novo nome para Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, novo nome para Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, novo nome para Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, novo nome para Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, novo nome para Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, novo nome para Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, novo nome para Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); e Phasia aurodysderci, novo nome para Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). E duas sinonímias são propostas (restauradas): Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905), e Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830).(AU)

New replacement names and synonymies are proposed for Neotropical Tachinidae, mainly from Brazil. The following 13 new replacement names are proposed for junior secondary homonyms: Jurinella neobesa, new name for Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, new name for Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, new name for Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, new name for Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, new name for Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, new name for Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, new name for Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, new name for Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); and Phasia aurodysderci, new name for Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). And the two following synonymies are proposed (reinstated): Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830); and Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905).(AU)

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This study investigated the natural parasitism of Mythimna sequax Franclemont, 1951, in wheat during the crop season of 2008. In total, 237 larvae were captured, of which 10.12% were parasitized. The Tachinidae species Winthemia trinitatis (Thompson, 1963), Winthemia tricolor (Wulp, 1890), Lespesia aletiae (Riley, 1879), and Lespesia archippivora Beneway, 1963 are reported for the first time parasitizing the wheat armyworm in Brazil. In addition, two other genus of parasitoids were identified, one Tachinidae Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and one Ichneumonidae Ophion (Fabricius, 1798). This study reported for the first time four Tachinidae species parasitizing W. sequax, and further studies are needed to promote the conservation of these parasitoids in agroecossystem and development biological control programs for management of the wheat armyworm.

Este estudo investigou o parasitismo natural de Mythimna sequax Franclemont, 1951, em uma lavoura de trigo, durante a safra 2008. No total, foram capturadas 237 lagartas, registrando-se um parasitismo de 10,12%. As espécies de taquinídeos Winthemia trinitatis (Thompson, 1963), Winthemia tricolor (Wulp, 1890), Lespesia aletiae (Riley, 1879) e Lespesia archippivora (Beneway, 1963) são registrados pela primeira vez parasitando a lagarta-do-trigo no Brasil. Adicionalmente, dois gêneros de parasitoides foram identificados, um taquinídeo Peleteria sp. (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) e um ichneumonídeo Ophion sp. (Fabricius, 1798). Este estudo registra pela primeira vez a ocorrência de quatro espécies de parasitoides em M. sequax no Brasil, e estudos adicionais são necessários para promover a conservação desses parasitoides no agroecossistema, assim como o desenvolvimento de programas de controle biológico para o manejo da lagarta-do-trigo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study investigated the natural parasitism of Mythimna sequax Franclemont, 1951, in wheat during the crop season of 2008. In total, 237 larvae were captured, of which 10.12% were parasitized. The Tachinidae species Winthemia trinitatis (Thompson, 1963), Winthemia tricolor (Wulp, 1890), Lespesia aletiae (Riley, 1879), and Lespesia archippivora Beneway, 1963 are reported for the first time parasitizing the wheat armyworm in Brazil. In addition, two other genus of parasitoids were identified, one Tachinidae Peleteria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and one Ichneumonidae Ophion (Fabricius, 1798). This study reported for the first time four Tachinidae species parasitizing W. sequax, and further studies are needed to promote the conservation of these parasitoids in agroecossystem and development biological control programs for management of the wheat armyworm.(AU)

Este estudo investigou o parasitismo natural de Mythimna sequax Franclemont, 1951, em uma lavoura de trigo, durante a safra 2008. No total, foram capturadas 237 lagartas, registrando-se um parasitismo de 10,12%. As espécies de taquinídeos Winthemia trinitatis (Thompson, 1963), Winthemia tricolor (Wulp, 1890), Lespesia aletiae (Riley, 1879) e Lespesia archippivora (Beneway, 1963) são registrados pela primeira vez parasitando a lagarta-do-trigo no Brasil. Adicionalmente, dois gêneros de parasitoides foram identificados, um taquinídeo Peleteria sp. (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) e um ichneumonídeo Ophion sp. (Fabricius, 1798). Este estudo registra pela primeira vez a ocorrência de quatro espécies de parasitoides em M. sequax no Brasil, e estudos adicionais são necessários para promover a conservação desses parasitoides no agroecossistema, assim como o desenvolvimento de programas de controle biológico para o manejo da lagarta-do-trigo.(AU)

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RESUMO

We describe three new species of Trigonospila Pokorny (Tachinidae: Blondeliini) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. All were reared from -various species of ACG caterpillars during an ongoing inventory of caterpillars, their food plants and their parasitoids in dry forest, rain forest and cloud forest. By coupling morphology, photographic documentation, life history and molecular data, we provide a clear and concise description of each species. All species published as new, are known to be previously undescribed as a result of careful study of the genus by DMW. This study builds on the current knowledge of the genus by adding three new species to the current 7 described in the New World. Trigonospila edwinbermudezi sp. n., Trigonospila uniformis sp. n., and Trigonospila josemariamoragai sp. n. are all authored and described as new by Fleming and Wood, with a key to their identification. The authors also offer a new record and description of the previously unknown male of Trigonospila panamensis (Townsend), reared from ACG caterpillars.

RESUMO

We describe seven new species of Spathidexia (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. All were reared from -various species of ACG caterpillars during an ongoing inventory of caterpillars, their food plants and their parasitoids. By coupling morphology, photographic documentation, life history and molecular data, we provide a clear and concise description of each species. All are known to be previously undescribed as a result of a comprehensive study of the genus by DMW. Spathidexiaatripalpus sp. n., Spathidexiajuanvialesi sp. n., Spathidexiamarioburgosi sp. n., Spathidexialuisrobertogallegosi sp. n., Spathidexialuteola sp. n., Spathidexiahernanrodriguezi sp. n. and Spathidexiaaurantiaca sp. n. are all authored and described by Fleming and Wood. Minthodexiopsis Townsend is proposed by Wood as a new synonym of Spathidexia. A new combination proposed by Wood as a result of the new synonymy is S.flavicornis (Brauer & Bergenstamm) comb. n.

RESUMO

We describe a new species of Cordyligaster Macquart (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Cordyligastercapellii sp. n., is described and photographed. All specimens of C.capellii were reared from Syngamiaflorella (Stoll, 1781) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), a leaf-rolling caterpillar collected in ACG rain forest. By coupling morphology, photographic documentation, life history and molecular data, we provide a clear and concise description of this new species. In addition the authors provide new distribution and host records for C.fuscipennis (Macquart) reared in ACG.

RESUMO

We describe Piper kelleyi sp. nov., a new species from the eastern Andes of Ecuador and Peru, named in honor of Dr. Walter Almond Kelley. Piper kelleyi is a member of the Macrostachys clade of the genus Piper and supports a rich community of generalist and specialist herbivores, their predators and parasitoids, as well as commensalistic earwigs, and mutualistic ants. This new species was recognized as part of an ecological study of phytochemically mediated relationships between plants, herbivores, predators, and parasitoids. Compared to over 100 other Piper species surveyed, Piper kelleyi supports the largest community of specialist herbivores and parasitoids observed to date.

ResumenDescribimos la nueva especie Piper kelleyisp. nov., proveniente de la vertiente Este de los Andes en el Ecuador y Perú, y nombrada en honor al Dr. Walter Almond Kelley. Piper kelleyi forma parte del clado Macrostachys del género Piper y conforma la base alimenticia de una diversa comunidad de herbívoros, tanto generalistas como especialistas, depredadores y parasitoides de estos herbívoros, así como tijeretas comensales y hormigas mutualistas. Esta nueva especie fue reconocida como parte de una investigación ecológica de las interacciones, mediadas por fitoquímica, entre plantas, herbívoros, depredadores y parasitoides. En comparación con más de otras 100 especies de Piper estudiadas, Piper kelleyi hospeda la comunidad de insectos con mayor diversidad de herbívoros especialistas y parasitoides observada hasta ahora.

RESUMO

The New World tropics represents the most diverse region for tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae), but it also contains the most narrowly defined, and possibly the most confusing, tachinid genera of any biogeographic region. This over-splitting of genera and taxonomic confusion has limited progress toward our understanding the family in this region and much work is needed to revise, redefine, and make sense of the profusion of finely split taxa. In a recent analysis of the Neotropical genus Erythromelana Townsend, two species previously assigned to this genus, Euptilodegeeriaobumbrata (Wulp) and Myiodoriopsmarginalis Townsend were reinstated as monotypic genera. In the present study, we demonstrate that Euptilodegeeriaobumbrata (Wulp), previously assigned to three different genera, represents in fact a species of the large New World genus Eucelatoria Townsend, in which females possess a sharp piercer for oviposition. We also show that the species Eucelatoriacarinata (Townsend) belongs to the same species group as Eucelatoriaobumbrata, which we here define and characterize as the Eucelatoriaobumbrata species group. Additionally, we describe Eucelatoriaflava sp. n. as a new species within the Eucelatoriaobumbrata species group. Finally, we redescribe the genus Myiodoriops Townsend and the single species Myiodoriopsmarginalis Townsend.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to identify the defoliating lepidopterans and their parasitoids occurring on okra plants in the district of Riberão Preto city (SP. Brazil). Caterpillars were collected by hand from an experimental field of okra, in March and April, 2009. They were placed individually on Petri dishes lined with wet filter paper, containing shredded okra leaves, and kept in a climactic chamber (25±1°C, 12:12h light/dark photoperiod, RH 70±10%) until the emergence of lepidopterans and/or parasitoids. In all, 63 lepidopterans were obtained: three species of Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker); one of Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart), and an unidentified species of Tortricidae. One unidentified tachinid fly (Diptera) and the Hymenoptera parasitoids Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) (Encyrtidae) and Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) emerged from A. flava, while C. floridanum and an unidentified tachinid, from P. includens. This is the first report of an association between the herbivores S. frugiperda, P. includens and A. monuste orceis, the parasitoids C. floridanum and Euplectrus sp. on okra plants.

Este estudo objetivou identificar lepidópteros desfolhadores e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. As lagartas foram coletadas através de catação manual entre março e abril de 2009, individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido contendo pedaços de folhas de quiabo e mantidas sob condições controladas (25±1°C, 12 horas de fotofase, 70±10% de UR) até a obtenção dos adultos de lepidópteros e/ou de seus parasitoides. Foram obtidos 63 adultos de lepidópteros: três espécies de Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), uma de Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) e uma de Tortricidae não identificada. Uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo (Diptera) e os Hymenoptera parasitoides Copidosoma floridanum Westwood (Encyrtidae), Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) emergiram de A. flava e, C. floridanum e uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo, de P. includens. Este é o primeiro relato da associação entre S. frugiperda, P. includens e A. monuste orceis e seus parasitoides C. floridanum e Euplectrus sp. em plantas de quiabo.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to identify the defoliating lepidopterans and their parasitoids occurring on okra plants in the district of Riberão Preto city (SP. Brazil). Caterpillars were collected by hand from an experimental field of okra, in March and April, 2009. They were placed individually on Petri dishes lined with wet filter paper, containing shredded okra leaves, and kept in a climactic chamber (25±1°C, 12:12h light/dark photoperiod, RH 70±10%) until the emergence of lepidopterans and/or parasitoids. In all, 63 lepidopterans were obtained: three species of Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker); one of Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart), and an unidentified species of Tortricidae. One unidentified tachinid fly (Diptera) and the Hymenoptera parasitoids Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) (Encyrtidae) and Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) emerged from A. flava, while C. floridanum and an unidentified tachinid, from P. includens. This is the first report of an association between the herbivores S. frugiperda, P. includens and A. monuste orceis, the parasitoids C. floridanum and Euplectrus sp. on okra plants.

Este estudo objetivou identificar lepidópteros desfolhadores e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. As lagartas foram coletadas através de catação manual entre março e abril de 2009, individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido contendo pedaços de folhas de quiabo e mantidas sob condições controladas (25±1°C, 12 horas de fotofase, 70±10% de UR) até a obtenção dos adultos de lepidópteros e/ou de seus parasitoides. Foram obtidos 63 adultos de lepidópteros: três espécies de Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), uma de Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) e uma de Tortricidae não identificada. Uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo (Diptera) e os Hymenoptera parasitoides Copidosoma floridanum Westwood (Encyrtidae), Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) emergiram de A. flava e, C. floridanum e uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo, de P. includens. Este é o primeiro relato da associação entre S. frugiperda, P. includens e A. monuste orceis e seus parasitoides C. floridanum e Euplectrus sp. em plantas de quiabo.

RESUMO

Contribuição ao conhecimento de espécies venezuelanas do gênero Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae), com descrições de novas espécies. Foi realizado um estudo taxonômico de espécies venezuelanas do gênero Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (Diptera, Tachinidae), baseado na coleção do "Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola Francisco Fernández Yépez (MIZA) de la Universidad Central de Venezuela - Maracay". Seis espécies foram reconhecidas, dentre estas duas são descritas como novas, Lespesia giovannae sp. nov. e Lespesia oscari sp. nov., e três são registradas pela primeira vez para a Venezuela: Lespesia affinis (Townsend, 1927), Lespesia protoginoi (Blanchard, 1966) e Lespesia spitzi Guimarães, 1983. São apresentadas redescrições e chaves para as espécies.

A taxonomic study on Venezuelan species of the genus Lespesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (Diptera, Tachinidae) is done, based on the collection of the "Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola Francisco Fernández Yépez (MIZA) de la Universidad Central de Venezuela - Maracay". Six species are recognized, two of which are described as new, Lespesia giovannae sp. nov. and Lespesia oscari sp. nov., and three recorded from Venezuela for the first time: Lespesia affinis (Townsend, 1927), Lespesia protoginoi (Blanchard, 1966) and Lespesia spitzi Guimarães, 1983. Redescriptions and key to species are given.

RESUMO

Hylesia metabus Cramer es una polilla considerada un problema de salud pública debido a que las hembras adultas liberan setas urticantes produciendo dermatitis y prurito intenso en el hombre. En la región nororiental de Venezuela, en dos localidades (Mapire y Pedernales) y durante seis ciclos, se registró el parasitismo natural sobre esta polilla. Para ello, se colectaron pupas en el campo y se mantuvieron bajo condiciones de laboratorio (27ºC, 65 por ciento humedad relativa y ciclo invertido 12L:12O) hasta la eclosión de los adultos. Se determinó que en Mapire el parasitismo aumentó de 33,0 por ciento a 91,1 por ciento en tres ciclos consecutivos estudiados y los principales parasitoides fueron los Diptera: Belvosia spp. (Tachinidae) y Sarcodexia lambens (Sarcophagidae) y diversas especies de Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae, Chalcidae, Perilampidae, Eulophidae). En Pedernales en tres ciclos consecutivos el parasitismo disminuyó de 29,5 por ciento a 16,1 por ciento, el parasitoide más abundante fue Belvosia spp., con niveles de parasitismo entre 70,7 por ciento y 96,2 por ciento. Solamente durante el tercer ciclo, la contribución de otro parasitoide resultó significativa y correspondió a Neotheronia sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), que causó 27,1 por ciento de parasitismo. Todos los parasitoides obtenidos fueron koinobiontes larva-pupa. Las variaciones poblacionales de H. metabus y sus parasitoides en las áreas estudiadas son discutidas. Belvosia spp. y Sarcodexia lambens son potenciales parasitoides a ser usados en programas de manejo integrado de este insecto plaga.

The moth Hylesia metabus Cramer is considered a public health pest due to the release of urticating hairs by adult females during periodic invasions of towns and villages, producing dermatits in humans. We reported natural parasitism levels for this moth during six life cycles in two localities in northeastern Venezuela. Pupae were collected in the field and maintained under laboratory conditions (27ºC, 65 percent RH, 12L:12D photoperiod) until eclosion. In Mapire, parasitism increased from 33.0 percent to 91.1 percent in the three cycles studied, with the dipterans Belvosia spp. (Tachinidae) and Sarcodexia lambens Wiedemann (Sarcophagidae) and species from Ichneumonidae, Chalcidae, Perilampidae and Eulophidae being the most common. In Pedernales, parasitism decreased from 29.5 percent to 16.1 percent, and Belvosia spp. was the most abundant parasitoids, reaching parasitization levels between 70.7 percent and 96.2 percent. A significative parasitization by Neotheronia sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (27.1 percent) occurred only in third life cycle. All natural enemies observed were koinobionts, larval-pupa parasitoids. The variations in the populations of H. metabus and its parasitoids in the areas studied are discussed. Belvosia spp. and S. lambens may have potential for use in integrated management program of H. metabus.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Revision and systematic placement of Prospalaea Aldrich (Diptera, Tachinidae). In the present study, the genotype and single species Prospalaea insularis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891) is redescribed and the male terminalia fully illustrated. The species is known only from a single type specimen collected from the Caribbean subregion, which was examined for this study. A new systematic placement is proposed, with the genus being transferred from the Exoristini to Eryciini, both tribes of Exoristinae.

Revisão e posicionamento sistemático de Prospalaea Aldrich (Diptera, Tachinidae). No presente estudo, o genótipo e única espécie Prospalaea insularis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891) é redescrita e a terminália ilustrada. A espécie é conhecida somente pelo material-tipo coletado da sub-região Caribenha, e que foi examinado aqui. Uma nova posição sistemática é proposta, com a transferência do gênero de Exoristini para Eryciini, sendo ambas tribos de Exoristinae.

RESUMO

Revision and systematic placement of Prospalaea Aldrich (Diptera, Tachinidae). In the present study, the genotype and single species Prospalaea insularis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891) is redescribed and the male terminalia fully illustrated. The species is known only from a single type specimen collected from the Caribbean subregion, which was examined for this study. A new systematic placement is proposed, with the genus being transferred from the Exoristini to Eryciini, both tribes of Exoristinae.

Revisão e posicionamento sistemático de Prospalaea Aldrich (Diptera, Tachinidae). No presente estudo, o genótipo e única espécie Prospalaea insularis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891) é redescrita e a terminália ilustrada. A espécie é conhecida somente pelo material-tipo coletado da sub-região Caribenha, e que foi examinado aqui. Uma nova posição sistemática é proposta, com a transferência do gênero de Exoristini para Eryciini, sendo ambas tribos de Exoristinae.

RESUMO

Rio Grande do Sul State is one of the greatest maize producers of the country, however, little is known in terms of the main natural enemies associated to insect pests in this crop. The objective of this work was to survey parasitoids of fall-armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Samplings in maize areas of the Instituto Riograndense do Arroz (IRGA) were conducted in Cachoeirinha, RS, during the growth seasons of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. Insect larvae were collected weekly, during the crop cycle. Larvae were individualized and kept in laboratory until emergence of adults or parasitoids. In the first and second crop seasons, 1425 and 518 larvae were collected, respectively. Out of these, 18.11% and 22.01% were parasitized, with the following parasitoids being observed: Chelonus sp., Cotesia sp. and Exaticolus sp. (Hym., Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta and Ophion sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae), and Archytas incertus and Lespesia archippivora (Dip., Tachinidae). There was predominance of C. flavicincta, corresponding to 63.57% and 76.32% of the parasitoids, respectively, for the first and second seasons. In C. flavicincta hiperparasitism occurred by Conura sp. (Chalcididae) and Aphanogmus sp. (Ceraphronidae).

O Rio Grande do Sul é um dos maiores produtores de milho do país, porém pouco se conhece em termos de inimigos naturais dos principais insetos-praga da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um levantamento dos parasitóides da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho, Spodoptera frugiperda. Para tanto, foram efetuadas amostragens em áreas de lavouras de milho do Instituto Riograndense do Arroz (IRGA), em Cachoeirinha, RS, nos anos agrícolas 1999/2000 e 2000/2001. A coleta dos insetos foi realizada semanalmente, durante o ciclo da cultura. As lagartas foram individualizadas e mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos ou dos parasitóides. Foram coletadas 1425 lagartas no primeiro período de amostragens e 518 no segundo. Destas, 18,11% e 22,01% encontravam-se parasitadas, com a presença dos seguintes parasitóides: Chelonus sp., Cotesia sp. e Exaticolus sp. (Hym., Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta e Ophion sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) e Archytas incertus e Lespesia archippivora (Dip., Tachinidae). Houve predomínio de C. flavicincta, correspondendo a 63,57% e 76,32% dos parasitóides, respectivamente para o primeiro e segundo período de amostragens. Em C. flavicincta, ocorreu hiperparasitismo por Conura sp. (Chalcididae) e Aphanogmus sp. (Ceraphronidae).

RESUMO

Rio Grande do Sul State is one of the greatest maize producers of the country, however, little is known in terms of the main natural enemies associated to insect pests in this crop. The objective of this work was to survey parasitoids of fall-armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Samplings in maize areas of the Instituto Riograndense do Arroz (IRGA) were conducted in Cachoeirinha, RS, during the growth seasons of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. Insect larvae were collected weekly, during the crop cycle. Larvae were individualized and kept in laboratory until emergence of adults or parasitoids. In the first and second crop seasons, 1425 and 518 larvae were collected, respectively. Out of these, 18.11% and 22.01% were parasitized, with the following parasitoids being observed: Chelonus sp., Cotesia sp. and Exaticolus sp. (Hym., Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta and Ophion sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae), and Archytas incertus and Lespesia archippivora (Dip., Tachinidae). There was predominance of C. flavicincta, corresponding to 63.57% and 76.32% of the parasitoids, respectively, for the first and second seasons. In C. flavicincta hiperparasitism occurred by Conura sp. (Chalcididae) and Aphanogmus sp. (Ceraphronidae).

O Rio Grande do Sul é um dos maiores produtores de milho do país, porém pouco se conhece em termos de inimigos naturais dos principais insetos-praga da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um levantamento dos parasitóides da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho, Spodoptera frugiperda. Para tanto, foram efetuadas amostragens em áreas de lavouras de milho do Instituto Riograndense do Arroz (IRGA), em Cachoeirinha, RS, nos anos agrícolas 1999/2000 e 2000/2001. A coleta dos insetos foi realizada semanalmente, durante o ciclo da cultura. As lagartas foram individualizadas e mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos ou dos parasitóides. Foram coletadas 1425 lagartas no primeiro período de amostragens e 518 no segundo. Destas, 18,11% e 22,01% encontravam-se parasitadas, com a presença dos seguintes parasitóides: Chelonus sp., Cotesia sp. e Exaticolus sp. (Hym., Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta e Ophion sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) e Archytas incertus e Lespesia archippivora (Dip., Tachinidae). Houve predomínio de C. flavicincta, correspondendo a 63,57% e 76,32% dos parasitóides, respectivamente para o primeiro e segundo período de amostragens. Em C. flavicincta, ocorreu hiperparasitismo por Conura sp. (Chalcididae) e Aphanogmus sp. (Ceraphronidae).