RESUMO
Resumen Si bien hay antecedentes empíricos acerca de la medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (cvrs) en niños, no hay evidencia de estudios similares en Colombia. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de la investigación fue describir las propiedades psicométricas iniciales de la versión en español del tapqol2 en una muestra de 229 cuidadores de niños preescolares entre tres y seis años de edad, de ambos sexos, residentes en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizó un análisis factorial con extracción de componentes principales y rotación Varimax, así como un análisis de consistencia interna por alfa de Cronbach para la escala general y cada factor obtenido, correlaciones inter-elemento y estadísticos total-elemento. Los resultados mostraron que el cuestionario tapqol2 presenta un alfa de Cronbach de 0.81, explica una varianza acumulada del 66.44% y correlaciones positivas entre todos los reactivos. Con relación al instrumento original, el cuestionario tapqol2 mantiene 12 factores, pero se diferencia en que se fusionan los factores emociones positivas y vitalidad, mientras que emerge un nuevo factor relacionado con el control comportamental del niño. Se encuentra que los indicadores psicométricos del cuestionario son consistentes con investigaciones previas sobre los componentes del bienestar en los niños.
Abstract While there are empirical antecedents in the measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life (hrqol) in children, there is no evidence of similar studies in Colombia. For this reason, the objective of this investigation is to describe the initial psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the tapqol2 in a sample of 229 caregivers for preschool children of both sexes between three and six years of age who reside in the department of Córdoba, Colombia. A factorial analysis was carried out with extraction of the main components and Varimax rotation, as well as internal consistency analysis by means of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the general scale and for every obtained factor, inter-element correlations and total-element statistics. Results showed that the tapqol2 questionnaire presents a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81, explains a cumulative variance of 66.44%, and presents positive correlations across all items. In relation to the original instrument, the tapqol2 questionnaire keeps 12 factors, but it differs in that the positive emotions and vitality factors are merged in the same factor, while a new factor related to the behavioral control of the child emerges. It was found that the psychometric indicators of the questionnaire are consistent with previous research on the components of child wellbeing.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 1-year-old infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), to follow-up with these children at age 4 years, and to examine predictors of HRQoL. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of 144 infants who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD before age 6 months were prospectively included in this cohort study. Parents completed a standardized questionnaire on child HRQoL at 1 year and 4 years of age; medical data were extracted from the patients' hospital records. RESULTS: Parents reported a significant reduction of the children's physical functioning compared with healthy controls at age 1 year. At age 4 years, children with CHD had poorer cognitive functioning but better social functioning compared with healthy controls. Lower HRQoL at age 4 years was not significantly predicted by univentricular or biventricular CHD but was predicted by the presence of an underlying genetic defect, tube feeding at 1 year, and lower HRQoL at 1 year. CONCLUSION: This study shows that HRQoL of infants and preschool-age children with CHD is impaired in physical and cognitive dimensions. Children with lower overall HRQoL at age 1 year, an underlying genetic defect, and tube feeding need to be monitored carefully to provide appropriate and timely interventions.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Ajustamento Social , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/psicologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objective: Parents' perception of quality of life (QOL) was correlated to the health status of children between three and five years eleven months of age. Method: TAPQOL questionnaires were utilized to evaluate parents or guardians of 483 children who attenden private, semiprivate and public kindergardens. Average age of the children was 51.7 months, 47% were girls. Results: QOL was found to be disturbed through anxiety and behavior problems. Some differences were found along the dimensions of gender, type of institution, and presence of illness. Conclusions: Our results allow us to focus on those preschoolers whose parents report a worse QOL, to develop intervention plans. Those are children who have suffered a disease, the youngest, or those who attend public preschools. Positive behavioral signs, anxiety and communication are special areas of interest for medical intervention.
Objetivo: Bajo un diseño transversal, se evalúa la percepción de los padres sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños entre tres y cinco años once meses. Método: Se aplicó el cuestionario específico de CVRS para menores en edad preescolar TAPQOL a los padres o tutores de 483 infantes que asistían ajardines infantiles particulares, públicos y subvencionados. El promedio de edad de los menores fue de 51,7 meses, siendo el 47% de estos mujeres. Resultados: La CVRS de los menores se ve más afectada en las dimensiones de ansiedad y problemas de conducta. Se encontraron diferencias en los reportes de las distintas dimensiones dadas por el sexo, el tipo de establecimiento al que acudían los menores y por la presencia de enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten focalizar la atención en aquellos preescolares cuyos padres reportan una menor CVRS, siendo estos los que han padecido o padecen una enfermedad, los más pequeños y los que asisten a establecimientos públicos, especialmente en las áreas de emociones positivas, ansiedad y comunicación, entregando información para posibles planes de intervención con el objeto de mejorar el bienestar de los menores.