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Objective: This study aimed to compare results obtained with the DN4 (in-person interview) and DN4i (telephone interview) questionnaires in identifying neuropathic pain after fracture surgery. Methods: This study was methodological, using questionnaires administered in person (DN4) or via telephone (DN4i). The participants were at least 18 years old, underwent fracture surgery at a university hospital between January 2017 and July 2020, signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF), and could go to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital. Pearson's correlation coefficient determined the agreement between the total score obtained during in-person and telephone interviews. The kappa coefficient evaluated the agreement between individual questionnaire items. Results: Of the 53 participants, 50 presented the same result for neuropathic pain screening in DN4 and DN4i, including 41 with a positive score for neuropathic pain and 12 with a negative score. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and kappa coefficient were r = 0.84. Conclusion: DN4 and DN4i presented a strong agreement between individual items of the questionnaires and the total scores obtained.

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BACKGROUND: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is widely used and accepted by regulatory agencies for the assessment of neurological disability secondary to Multiple Sclerosis. The "Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) by phone" was developed to be a patient-reported telephone-based alternative for the assessment of EDSS functional system scores when a physical examination is not possible. The scale has been validated in multiple languages; however, its reliability has not been assessed in Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: After cross-cultural translation and adaptation, 57 people with MS with a recent in-person visit (±6 months) were invited to answer the EDSS by phone scale on two occasions, 15 days apart. The agreement between scales (in-person and telephone-based) and between telephone-based assessments was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement and weighted Kappa coefficients. RESULTS: An excellent reliability was obtained for the agreement between the in-person and telephone assessments (ICC: 0.95, 95 %CI 0.92-0.97, Kappa: 0.83, 95 %CI 0.78-0.89) and between telephone-based assessments (ICC: 0.99, 95 %CI 0.98-0.99, Kappa: 0.93, 95 %CI 0.88-0.97). After stratification by disability level, the agreement between scales was less pronounced for subjects with an EDSS ≤ 4.0. CONCLUSION: this study offers evidence that supports the validity of the EDSS by phone questionnaire translated into Brazilian Portuguese, particularly for patients with higher EDSS scores.

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Abstract Objective: This study aimed to compare results obtained with the DN4 (in-person interview) and DN4i (telephone interview) questionnaires in identifying neuropathic pain after fracture surgery. Methods: This study was methodological, using questionnaires administered in person (DN4) or via telephone (DN4i). The participants were at least 18 years old, underwent fracture surgery at a university hospital between January 2017 and July 2020, signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF), and could go to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital. Pearson's correlation coefficient determined the agreement between the total score obtained during in-person and telephone interviews. The kappa coefficient evaluated the agreement between individual questionnaire items. Results: Of the 53 participants, 50 presented the same result for neuropathic pain screening in DN4 and DN4i, including 41 with a positive score for neuropathic pain and 12 with a negative score. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and kappa coefficient were r = 0.84. Conclusion: DN4 and DN4i presented a strong agreement between individual items of the questionnaires and the total scores obtained.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar os resultados obtidos através do questionário DN4 com os do DN4i com aplicação via telefônica na identificação de dor neuropática após cirurgia de fraturas. Métodos: Este foi um estudo metodológico com questionário aplicado presencialmente (DN4) e por telefone (DN4i). Foram elegíveis os participantes maiores de 18 anos de idade submetidos à cirurgia de fraturas em um hospital universitário no período de janeiro de 2017 a julho de 2020, que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e puderam comparecer ao departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do hospital. A concordância entre a pontuação total obtida na aplicação presencial e por telefone foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O coeficiente de Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os itens individuais dos questionários. Resultados: Dos 53 participantes, 50 apresentaram resultado igual para rastreio de dor neuropática em relação ao DN4 com o DN4i, sendo 41 com escore positivo para dor neuropática e 12 com escore negativo. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o coeficiente Kappa apresentaram r = 0.84. Conclusão: O uso telefônico do DN4i comparado à aplicação presencial do DN4 apresenta forte concordância tanto entre os itens individuais dos questionários quanto entre a pontuação total obtida.

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Abstract Background The Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) focuses on assessing the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) based on the self-perception of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). A Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire is available (ADLQ-Brazil), and further investigation is needed to fully assess its measurement properties. Objective To investigate construct and concurrent validity of the telephone-based administration of the ADLQ-Brazil with community individuals with PD. Methods There were 50 adults with PD (mean age: 68 ± 9.5 years) invited to answer the ADLQ-Brazil on two randomized occasions, face-to-face and by telephone, 7 to 10 days apart. Clinical-based measures including the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, Nine Hole Peg Test, Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Apathy Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire were applied during the first session, to establish construct validity. Results The total scores on the ADLQ-Brazil were significantly associated with the clinical-based measures, thus providing evidence of construct validity. No significant differences were observed between the mean scores obtained with the face-to-face and telephone-based administration of the questionnaire (95%CI = 0.997). A high level of agreement was found in the total scores obtained between both applications of the ADLQ-Brazil (95%CI = 0.994-0.998), and most of the individual items had, on average, moderate agreement. Conclusion The findings provide psychometric support for the ADLQ-Brazil as a telephone interview to assess the performance of ADLs in individuals with PD.

Resumo Antecedentes O Questionário de Atividades da Vida Diária (Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire, ADLQ, em inglês) tem como foco avaliar a capacidade de realizar atividades da vida diária (AVDs) com base na autopercepção de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP). Uma versão do questionário em português do Brasil está disponível (ADLQ-Brasil), sendo necessárias mais investigações para avaliar suas propriedades de medidas. Objetivo Investigar as validades de construto e concorrente da aplicação por telefone do ADLQ-Brasil com indivíduos da comunidade com DP. Métodos Foram 50 adultos com DP (média de idade: 68 ± 9,5 anos) convidados a responder o ADLQ-Brasil em duas ocasiões aleatórias, presencialmente e por telefone, com intervalo de 7 a 10 dias. Instrumentos clínicos incluindo a Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson, o teste Timed Up and Go, o teste Nine Hole Peg, a versão reduzida do teste de equilíbrio Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems, a Escala de Apatia, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck, a Escala de Impacto de Fadiga Modificada e o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida na Doença de Parkinson foram aplicados na primeira sessão para estabelecer a validade de construto. Resultados Os escores totais do ADLQ-Brasil foram significativamente associados às medidas clínicas, fornecendo, assim, evidências de validade de construto. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as pontuações médias obtidas entre a aplicação presencial e por telefone do questionário (IC95% = 0,997). Foi encontrado alto nível de concordância entre os escores totais do ADLQ-Brasil obtidos nas duas aplicações (IC95% = 0,994-0,998) e a maioria dos itens individuais apresentou, em média, concordância moderada. Conclusão Os achados fornecem suporte psicométrico para o ADLQ-Brasil como entrevista telefônica para avaliação do desempenho de AVDs em indivíduos com DP.

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Objetivo:Analisar o efeito da tele-enfermagem no processo adaptativo de pessoas com estomia intestinal. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, unicego. Aplicou-se a escala de verificação do nível de adaptação da pessoa com estomia, e formaram-se dois grupos. O grupo controle recebeu atendimento convencional com profissionais do centro de referência, e o grupo intervenção obteve o acompanhamento convencional associado à intervenção complementar via telefone (três chamadas telefônicas realizadas no 20º, 40º e 60º dia após contato inicial). Ao final da intervenção, os participantes foram avaliados novamente pela escala. O recrutamento ocorreu desde o primeiro contato e contou com uma amostra de 16 participantes no grupo intervenção e 17 no grupo controle. Resultados: Notou-se semelhança nos níveis de adaptação no baseline entre os dois grupos, entretanto dados do pós-intervenção demonstraram diferença significante dos grupos no decorrer do estudo e menores valores das médias do grupo controle comparados às medidas do grupo intervenção, indicando maior nível de adaptação no grupo intervenção. Conclusão: O estudo verificou o efeito da tele-enfermagem no processo adaptativo da pessoa com estomia e sugere benefícios no acompanhamento complementar via tele-enfermagem no nível de adaptação de pessoas com estomia de tempo ≤ 12 meses de cirurgia.

Objective: To analyze the effect of telenursing on the adaptive process of people with intestinal ostomy. Method: Randomized, single-blind clinical trial. The verification scale of the level of adaptation of the person with ostomy was applied, and two groups were formed. The control group received conventional care with professionals from the reference center, and the intervention group received conventional follow-up associated with the complementary intervention via telephone (three phone calls on the 20th, 40th and 60th day after initial contact). At the end of the intervention, the participants were evaluated again through the scale. Recruitment occurred from the first contact and had a sample of 16 participants in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. Results: There was a similarity in the levels of adaptation at baseline between the two groups. However, post-intervention data showed a significant difference between the groups during the study and lower values of the means of the control group compared to the measures of the intervention group, demonstrating a higher level of adaptation in the intervention group. Conclusion: The study verified the effect of telenursing on the adaptive process of the person with a stoma and suggests benefits in complementary monitoring via telenursing at the level of adaptation of people with a stoma after ≤ 12 months of surgery.

Objetivo:Analizar el efecto de la teleenfermería en el proceso adaptativo de personas con ostomía intestinal. Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, simple ciego. Se aplicó la Escala de Verificación del Nivel de Adaptación de la Persona con Ostomía y se formaron dos grupos, el grupo control recibió atención convencional con profesionales del centro de referencia y el grupo intervención recibió seguimiento convencional asociado a la intervención complementaria vía telefónica (3 llamadas telefónicas los días 20, 40 y 60 después del contacto inicial). Al final de la intervención, los participantes fueron evaluados nuevamente mediante la escala. El reclutamiento se produjo desde el primer contacto y contó con una muestra de 16 participantes en el grupo de intervención y 17 en el grupo control. Resultados: Hubo similitud en los niveles de adaptación al inicio del estudio entre los dos grupos, sin embargo, los datos posteriores a la intervención mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los grupos durante el estudio y verificaron valores más bajos de las medias del grupo control en comparación con el medidas del grupo de intervención, demostrando un mayor nivel de adaptación en el grupo de intervención. Conclusión: El estudio verificó el efecto de la teleenfermería en el proceso adaptativo de la persona con estoma y sugiere beneficios en el seguimiento complementario a través de la teleenfermería a nivel de adaptación de la persona con estoma después de ≤ 12 meses de la cirugía

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Objective. To describe the recruitment, retention of family caregivers, and adherence to a telephone based intervention evaluated in a multi-site trial and provide recommendations for the design of future studies. Methods.A descriptive study based on a secondary analysis of a multi-site clinical development in Colombia and Brazil. Recruitment was measured by the number of participants eligible and consented. Retention was assessed by the percentage of participants with outcomes data at two follow-ups. The intervention adherence was measured by the percentage of the caregiver who received the intervention. Results. Of the family caregivers assessed, 63% were eligible, and 32.9% declined to be in the study for time restriction or no interest. In Colombia, the total retention rate of caregivers was 63.4% at the first follow-up and 48% at the second follow-up, while in Brazil was Invest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(2): e04Recruitment, retention, and adherence of family caregivers:Lessons from a multisite trialde 52.8% and 46.2%, respectively. At the end of the study, the sample comprised 28 and 70 caregivers in the intervention and control groups, respectively, for a retention rate of 47%. Of 104 family caregivers allocated to the intervention group, 42 (40.3%) received five sessions. Most reported not completing the Caregiver's Activity Diary. Conclusion.The recruitment of family caregivers, participant retention, and adherence to the telephone intervention was unsuccessful. Future studies should apply an assessment tool during the recruitment of family caregivers and replace the term "caregiver" with "care provider" in the material involved in the research; define a retention protocol before starting the study and involve family caregivers in the design of the interventions

Objetivo. Describir el reclutamiento, la retención y la adherencia de los cuidadores familiares en una intervención educativa telefónica evaluada en un ensayo multi-sitio y ofrecer recomendaciones para el diseño de futuros estudios. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo basado en un análisis secundario de un desarrollo clínico multicéntrico en Colombia y Brasil. El reclutamiento se midió por el número de participantes elegibles y que dieron su consentimiento. La retención se evaluó por el porcentaje de participantes con datos de resultados en dos seguimientos. La adherencia a la intervención se determinó por el porcentaje de cuidadores que recibieron la intervención. Resultados. De los cuidadores familiares evaluados, 63% fueron elegibles, y 32.9% declinaron participar en el estudio por restricción de tiempo o falta de interés. En Colombia, la tasa de retención total de cuidadores fue de 63.4% en el primer seguimiento y de 48% en el segundo, mientras que en Brasil fue de 52.8% y 46.2%, respectivamente. Al final del estudio, la muestra comprendía 28 y 70 cuidadores en los grupos de intervención y control, respectivamente, para una tasa de retención del 47%. De los 104 cuidadores familiares asignados al grupo de intervención, 42 (40,3%) recibieron cinco sesiones. La mayoría no completó el diario de actividades del cuidador.Conclusión. El reclutamiento de cuidadores familiares, la retención de participantes y la adherencia a la intervención telefónica no tuvieron éxito. Los estudios futuros deberían aplicar una herramienta de evaluación durante Invest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(2): e04Leidy Johanna Rueda Díaz • Erika de Souza GuedesDiná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da Cruzel reclutamiento de los cuidadores familiares y sustituir el término "cuidador" por "proveedor de cuidados" en el material empleado en la investigación; definir un protocolo de retención antes de iniciar el estudio e involucrar a los cuidadores familiares en el diseño de las intervenciones

Objetivo. Descrever o recrutamento, retenção e adesão de cuidadores familiares em uma intervenção telefônica avaliada num estudo clínico multi-site e oferecer recomendações para o desenho de estudos futuros. Métodos. Estudo descritivo baseado em análise secundária de um desenvolvimento clínico multicêntrico na Colômbia e no Brasil. O recrutamento foi medido pelo número de participantes elegíveis e que deram consentimento. A retenção foi avaliada pela porcentagem de participantes com dados de resultado em dois acompanhamentos. A adesão à intervenção foi determinada pela porcentagem de cuidadores que receberam a intervenção. Resultados. Dos cuidadores familiares avaliados, 63% eram elegíveis, e 32.9% se recusaram a participar do estudo por limitação de tempo ou falta de interesse. Na Colômbia, a taxa de retenção total dos cuidadores foi de 63.4% no primeiro acompanhamento e 48% no segundo, enquanto no Brasil foi de 52.8% e 46.2%, respectivamente. Ao final do estudo, a amostra foi composta por 28 e 70 cuidadores nos grupos intervenção e controle, respectivamente, para uma taxa de retenção de 47%. Dos 104 cuidadores familiares designados para o grupo de intervenção, 42 (40.3%) receberam cinco sessões. A maioria não preencheu o diário de atividades do cuidador. Conclusão. Recrutamento de cuidadores familiares, retenção de participantes e adesão à intervenção telefônica não tiveram sucesso. Estudos futuros devem aplicar uma ferramenta de avaliação durante o recrutamento de cuidadores familiares e substituir o termo 'cuidador' por 'fornecedor de cuidados' em material de pesquisa; definir um protocolo de retenção antes de iniciar o estudo e envolver os cuidadores familiares no desenho das intervenções.Descritores: caregivers; enfermagem; doença crónica; telefone; cooperação e adesão ao tratamento.

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In this paper, a system to assess dyspnea with the mMRC scale, on the phone, via deep learning, is proposed. The method is based on modeling the spontaneous behavior of subjects while pronouncing controlled phonetization. These vocalizations were designed, or chosen, to deal with the stationary noise suppression of cellular handsets, to provoke different rates of exhaled air, and to stimulate different levels of fluency. Time-independent and time-dependent engineered features were proposed and selected, and a k-fold scheme with double validation was adopted to select the models with the greatest potential for generalization. Moreover, score fusion methods were also investigated to optimize the complementarity of the controlled phonetizations and features that were engineered and selected. The results reported here were obtained from 104 participants, where 34 corresponded to healthy individuals and 70 were patients with respiratory conditions. The subjects' vocalizations were recorded with a telephone call (i.e., with an IVR server). The system provided an accuracy of 59% (i.e., estimating the correct mMRC), a root mean square error equal to 0.98, false positive rate of 6%, false negative rate of 11%, and an area under the ROC curve equal to 0.97. Finally, a prototype was developed and implemented, with an ASR-based automatic segmentation scheme, to estimate dyspnea on line.

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Objective: To describe the recruitment, retention of family caregivers, and adherence to a telephone based intervention evaluated in a multi-site trial and provide recommendations for the design of future studies. Methods: A descriptive study based on a secondary analysis of a multi-site clinical development in Colombia and Brazil. Recruitment was measured by the number of participants eligible and consented. Retention was assessed by the percentage of participants with outcomes data at two follow-ups. The intervention adherence was measured by the percentage of the caregiver who received the intervention. Results: Of the family caregivers assessed, 63% were eligible, and 32.9% declined to be in the study for time restriction or no interest. In Colombia, the total retention rate of caregivers was 63.4% at the first follow-up and 48% at the second follow-up, while in Brazil was de 52.8% and 46.2%, respectively. At the end of the study, the sample comprised 28 and 70 caregivers in the intervention and control groups, respectively, for a retention rate of 47%. Of 104 family caregivers allocated to the intervention group, 42 (40.3%) received five sessions. Most reported not completing the Caregiver's Activity Diary. Conclusion: The recruitment of family caregivers, participant retention, and adherence to the telephone intervention was unsuccessful. Future studies should apply an assessment tool during the recruitment of family caregivers and replace the term "caregiver" with "care provider" in the material involved in the research; define a retention protocol before starting the study and involve family caregivers in the design of the interventions.

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Due to the increase in the population of the elderly, there is a growing trend in some diseases such as cognitive disorders (dementia) which are common in this era, and the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are still facing challenges. Therefore, early identification of cognitive disorders is of particular importance. In this regard, the use of any tool or cognitive tests may not be enough to diagnose dementia in the early stages and a special tool is needed. Objective: The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (P-TICS-M) in older adults living in the Iranian community for a comprehensive screening of mild cognitive impairment and dementia was investigated. Methods: In the first phase, translation, re-translation, and word-taking were performed by using the face validity and content validity. In the second phase, a stratified convenient sampling with 150 participants aged ≥60 years was conducted based on cognitive status using the global deterioration scale in 2018. The external and internal reliability of the P-TICS-M using the interclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of total items of this tool were estimated. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.6 (standard deviation±7.4) years. According to global deterioration scale, 87 (58.0%) had normal cognition, 40 (26.7%) had mild cognitive impairment, and 23 (15.3%) had dementia. The Spearman's correlation coefficient between P-TICS-M scores and Mini-Mental State Examination scale was 0.764. In exploratory factor analysis, seven domains were detected, which were compatible with those defined by the tool developer. The Cronbach's alpha of the P-TICS-M was 0.920. The absolute agreement between test-retest score was >0.90. The sensitivity of 92.2, 94.8, and 100%, and also the specificity of 79.4, 88.2, and 89.8% were calculated for detecting subjects with dementia, respectively. Furthermore, a mild cognitive impairment cutoff of >28 was determined. Conclusion: The development and validation of a P-TICS-M tool can be useful in identifying older adult people with cognitive impairment. Demographic characteristics (level of education, age) can also affect the cutoff point of this tool.

Por causa do aumento da população de idosos, há uma tendência crescente de algumas doenças, como os distúrbios cognitivos (demência), que são comuns nessa época, e o diagnóstico e tratamento dessa doença ainda enfrentam desafios. A identificação precoce de distúrbios cognitivos é de particular importância. Nesse sentido, a utilização de qualquer ferramenta ou testes cognitivos pode não ser suficiente para diagnosticar a demência nas fases iniciais e é necessária uma ferramenta especial. Objetivo: A validade e a confiabilidade da versão persa da Entrevista Telefônica para o Estado Cognitivo - Modificada (P-TICS-M) em idosos que vivem na comunidade iraniana para uma triagem abrangente de comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência foram investigadas. Métodos: Primeira fase, tradução, retradução e tomada de palavras utilizando validade de face e validade de conteúdo. Na segunda fase, foi conduzida uma amostragem estratificada por conveniência com 150 participantes com idade ≥60 anos baseada em estado cognitivo por meio da escala de deterioração global em 2018. Estimaram-se a confiabilidade externa e interna do P-TICS-M por meio do coeficiente de correlação interclasses e o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach do total de itens deste instrumento. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 68,6 (desvio padrão±7,4) anos. De acordo com a escala de deterioração global, 87 (58,0%) apresentavam cognição normal, 40 (26,7%) apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo leve e 23 (15,3%) apresentavam demência. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre os escores do P-TICS-M e a escala do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi de 0,764. Na análise fatorial exploratória, detectaram-se sete domínios, os quais eram compatíveis com aqueles definidos pelo desenvolvedor da ferramenta. O alfa de Cronbach do P-TICS-M foi de 0,920. A concordância absoluta entre o escore teste-reteste foi >0,90. Calculou-se, respectivamente, sensibilidade de 92,2, 94,8 e 100%, e também especificidade de 79,4, 88,2 e 89,8% para a detecção de indivíduos com demência. Além disso, determinou-se um ponto de corte do comprometimento cognitivo leve >28. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento e validação de uma ferramenta P-TICS-M pode ser útil na identificação de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. As características demográficas (escolaridade, idade) também podem afetar o ponto de corte dessa ferramenta.

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ABSTRACT. Due to the increase in the population of the elderly, there is a growing trend in some diseases such as cognitive disorders (dementia) which are common in this era, and the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are still facing challenges. Therefore, early identification of cognitive disorders is of particular importance. In this regard, the use of any tool or cognitive tests may not be enough to diagnose dementia in the early stages and a special tool is needed. Objective: The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (P-TICS-M) in older adults living in the Iranian community for a comprehensive screening of mild cognitive impairment and dementia was investigated. Methods: In the first phase, translation, re-translation, and word-taking were performed by using the face validity and content validity. In the second phase, a stratified convenient sampling with 150 participants aged ≥60 years was conducted based on cognitive status using the global deterioration scale in 2018. The external and internal reliability of the P-TICS-M using the interclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of total items of this tool were estimated. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.6 (standard deviation±7.4) years. According to global deterioration scale, 87 (58.0%) had normal cognition, 40 (26.7%) had mild cognitive impairment, and 23 (15.3%) had dementia. The Spearman's correlation coefficient between P-TICS-M scores and Mini-Mental State Examination scale was 0.764. In exploratory factor analysis, seven domains were detected, which were compatible with those defined by the tool developer. The Cronbach's alpha of the P-TICS-M was 0.920. The absolute agreement between test-retest score was >0.90. The sensitivity of 92.2, 94.8, and 100%, and also the specificity of 79.4, 88.2, and 89.8% were calculated for detecting subjects with dementia, respectively. Furthermore, a mild cognitive impairment cutoff of >28 was determined. Conclusion: The development and validation of a P-TICS-M tool can be useful in identifying older adult people with cognitive impairment. Demographic characteristics (level of education, age) can also affect the cutoff point of this tool.

RESUMO. Por causa do aumento da população de idosos, há uma tendência crescente de algumas doenças, como os distúrbios cognitivos (demência), que são comuns nessa época, e o diagnóstico e tratamento dessa doença ainda enfrentam desafios. A identificação precoce de distúrbios cognitivos é de particular importância. Nesse sentido, a utilização de qualquer ferramenta ou testes cognitivos pode não ser suficiente para diagnosticar a demência nas fases iniciais e é necessária uma ferramenta especial. Objetivo: A validade e a confiabilidade da versão persa da Entrevista Telefônica para o Estado Cognitivo - Modificada (P-TICS-M) em idosos que vivem na comunidade iraniana para uma triagem abrangente de comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência foram investigadas. Métodos: Primeira fase, tradução, retradução e tomada de palavras utilizando validade de face e validade de conteúdo. Na segunda fase, foi conduzida uma amostragem estratificada por conveniência com 150 participantes com idade ≥60 anos baseada em estado cognitivo por meio da escala de deterioração global em 2018. Estimaram-se a confiabilidade externa e interna do P-TICS-M por meio do coeficiente de correlação interclasses e o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach do total de itens deste instrumento. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 68,6 (desvio padrão±7,4) anos. De acordo com a escala de deterioração global, 87 (58,0%) apresentavam cognição normal, 40 (26,7%) apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo leve e 23 (15,3%) apresentavam demência. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre os escores do P-TICS-M e a escala do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi de 0,764. Na análise fatorial exploratória, detectaram-se sete domínios, os quais eram compatíveis com aqueles definidos pelo desenvolvedor da ferramenta. O alfa de Cronbach do P-TICS-M foi de 0,920. A concordância absoluta entre o escore teste-reteste foi >0,90. Calculou-se, respectivamente, sensibilidade de 92,2, 94,8 e 100%, e também especificidade de 79,4, 88,2 e 89,8% para a detecção de indivíduos com demência. Além disso, determinou-se um ponto de corte do comprometimento cognitivo leve >28. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento e validação de uma ferramenta P-TICS-M pode ser útil na identificação de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. As características demográficas (escolaridade, idade) também podem afetar o ponto de corte dessa ferramenta.

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Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa de longa duração por telefone nas taxas e duração do aleitamento materno. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado controlado realizado em uma maternidade na cidade de Fortaleza. Foram alocadas 240 mulheres no puerpério imediato. Utilizou-se intervenção educativa por telefone centrada nos princípios da autoeficácia e com abordagem da entrevista motivacional aos 7, 30, 90 e 150 dias pós-parto para o grupo intervenção. O grupo controle recebeu as orientações padrão do serviço de saúde. A duração e as taxas do aleitamento materno foram verificadas com uso de questionário elaborado pela pesquisadora aplicados ao grupo intervenção e grupo controle aos 60, 120 e 180 dias. Para verificar o efeito da intervenção sobre as variáveis estudadas utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste U de Mann-Whitney. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico: RBR-7m7vc8. Resultados Houve diferença entre os grupos no que diz respeito à duração e taxas de aleitamento materno não exclusivo e exclusivo. O grupo intervenção apresentou taxas mais elevadas de aleitamento materno aos 60 (p<0,001), 120 (p=0,001) e 180 dias (p=0,001), e de aleitamento exclusivo aos 180 dias (p=0,005), bem como maior duração do aleitamento materno não exclusivo (p<0,001) e exclusivo (p<0,001). Conclusão a intervenção educativa por telefone possui potencial para elevar as taxas, duração e a exclusividade do aleitamento materno, podendo ser utilizada como alternativa para melhorar os índices do aleitamento materno no país. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC): RBR-7m7vc8

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de una intervención educativa telefónica de larga duración en los índices de duración de la lactancia materna. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado realizado en una maternidad en la ciudad de Fortaleza. Se asignaron 240 mujeres en puerperio inmediato. Se utilizó intervención educativa por teléfono centrada en los principios de la autoeficacia y entrevista con enfoque motivacional a los 7, 30, 90 y 150 días del posparto en el grupo experimental. El grupo de control recibió las instrucciones estándar del servicio de salud. La duración y los índices de lactancia materna fueron verificados mediante cuestionario elaborado por la investigadora, aplicado al grupo experimental y al grupo de control a los 60, 120 y 180 días. Para verificar el efecto de la intervención sobre las variables estudiadas, se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Registro Brasileño de Ensayo Clínico: RBR-7m7vc8. Resultados Hubo diferencia entre los grupos en lo que se refiere a la duración e índices de lactancia materna no exclusiva y exclusiva. El grupo experimental presentó índices más elevados de lactancia materna a los 60 (p<0,001), 120 (p=0,001) y 180 días (p=0,001), y de lactancia exclusiva a los 180 días (p=0,005), así como mayor duración de la lactancia materna no exclusiva (p<0,001) y exclusiva (p<0,001). Conclusión La intervención educativa telefónica tiene potencial para elevar los índices, duración y exclusividad de la lactancia materna y puede ser utilizada como alternativa para mejorar los índices de lactancia materna en el país.

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of a long-term educational intervention by telephone on breastfeeding duration rates. Methods This is a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at a maternity hospital in the city of Fortaleza. A.so-called 240 women were answers in the immediate puerperium. An educational intervention was used by telephone centered on the principles of self-efficacy and with motivational interview approach at 7, 30, 90 and 150 days postpartum for the intervention group. The control group received the standard guidelines from the health service. Breastfeeding duration rates were verified using a questionnaire elaborated by the researcher applied to the intervention group and control group at 60, 120 and 180 days. To verify the effect of the intervention on the variables studied, the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-7m7vc8. Results There was a difference between the groups regarding non-exclusive and exclusive breastfeeding duration and rates. The intervention group had higher breastfeeding rates at 60 (p<0.001), 120 (p=0.001) and 180 days (p=0.001), and exclusive breastfeeding, at 180 days (p=0.005), as well as non-exclusive (p<0.001) and exclusive (p<0.001) breastfeeding longer duration. Conclusion the educational intervention by telephone has the potential to increase breastfeeding rates, duration and exclusivity, and can be used as an alternative to improve breastfeeding rates in the country. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry (ReBEC): RBR-7m7vc8

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(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) represents a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality, increased consumption of health resources, prolonged hospitalization, and frequent readmissions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention using home visits (HV) combined with telephone contact in reducing hospital readmission and the mortality of patients with HF. (2) Methods: This is systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The databases used were CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed and SciELO. A gray literature search included Google Scholar, OpenThesis, Clinical trials and reference lists of eligible studies. RCTs of patients diagnosed with HF were included, distributed between the control group (CG) and intervention (IG), in which the IG was submitted to the nursing intervention with HV and telephone contact in association and analyzed the result of readmission and mortality. (3) Results: The search resulted in 2528 articles and, after following steps, 11 remained for final analysis. A total of 1417 patients were analyzed and distributed: 683 in the IG and 734 in the CG. As a primary outcome, the meta-analysis identified a 36% reduction in the risk of readmission [RR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.54−0.75, p < 0.01] and a 35% reduction in mortality in the IG [RR 0.65, 95% CI, 0.50−0.85, p < 0.01]. Heterogeneity was moderate for readmission and homogeneous for mortality. (4) Conclusions: HV and telephone contact are an effective intervention strategy for nurses' educational practice.

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Introduction: Medical reports of patients admitted to the emergency services has been modified due to the social distancing needed in the COVID-19 epidemic. For this reason, it is essential to know the family members' perceptions about telephone medical reports. Objective: To determine the perception of care by family members of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 on telephone medical reports in a tertiary hospital's emergency room in Lima, Peru. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional study, through a survey of family members of patients with COVID-19 admitted during July and August 2020. The "External user satisfaction survey of the Ministry of Health" adapted to this setting was used due to the absence of similar studies. Information, respect for the user, efficiency, accessibility, suitability, security, and overall satisfaction were considered. The sample size for finite populations was selected from 2 936 family members, obtaining 347 surveys from 641 calls. Relatives were called by phone, and after acceptance, the survey was sent to them via WhatsApp in Google Forms format. Once the survey was received, it was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results: We made 641 telephone calls with a response rate of 54.1%, obtaining 347 surveys. The mean age was 40.12 years (standard deviation: 11.93 years), with 61.4% of females and 38.0% married. We found that 65.1% received higher education and that Chorrillos was the most prevalent district (10.1%). Moreover, 42.4% of those surveyed were children of hospitalized patients, 17.3% were spouses, and 85% were not health personnel. We found a high level of agreement in overall satisfaction (73.2%) and in most dimensions, including information (88.8%), respect for the user (82.1%), efficiency (70.3%), accessibility (75.8%), suitability (79.0%), and security (87.9%). Conclusion: The telephone medical reports to relatives of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the emergency room found an overall satisfaction of 73.2% . Telephone medical reports are essential alternatives to improve the quality of care during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Introducción: El informe médico sobre el estado de salud del paciente ingresado a los servicios de emergencia se ha modificado, debido al necesario distanciamiento por la epidemia de COVID-19. Por esto, es importante conocer la percepción que tienen los familiares informados sobre el reporte médico telefónico implementado. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los parientes sobre la atención de pacientes internados por COVID-19, a través del informe médico telefónico entregado a las familias en el servicio de emergencia de un hospital terciario del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud), Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional, mediante encuesta a familiares de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados durante los meses de julio y agosto del año 2020. Se usó como base la "Encuesta de satisfacción de usuario externo del Ministerio de Salud" adaptada a esta realidad, no habiéndose realizado ningún trabajo similar a este en forma previa. Se consideraron las dimensiones información, respeto al usuario, eficacia, accesibilidad, oportunidad, seguridad y satisfacción global. Se seleccionó la muestra para poblaciones finitas de 2936 familiares, obteniéndose 347 encuestas de 641 llamadas realizadas. Se les llamó telefónicamente y, previa aceptación, se les envió la encuesta vía en formato . Recibida la encuesta, se procedió a su análisis mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 641 llamadas telefónicas con una tasa de respuesta de 54,1% obteniéndose 347 encuestas. La edad promedio fue de 40,12 años (desviación estándar de 11,93), de los cuales 61,4% era del sexo femenino y 38% estaban casados. El 65,1% de los entrevistados tenía educación superior. Dentro de los distritos de procedencia, Chorrillos tuvo más encuestados con 10,1%. El 42,4% de los encuestados fueron hijos de los pacientes internados, 17,3% fueron cónyuges y el 85% no era personal de salud. Las dimensiones con percepción de acuerdo fueron: información 88,8%, respeto de usuario 82,1%, eficacia 70,3%; accesibilidad 75,8%; oportunidad 79,0% y seguridad 87,9%. La satisfacción global obtuvo un 73,2% de acuerdo. Conclusiones: La información médica telefónica entregada a los familiares de pacientes internados por COVID-19 en las salas de emergencia, encontró una satisfacción global de 73,2% de acuerdo. La información médica telefónica es una alternativa importante para mejorar la calidad de atención durante la epidemia por COVID-19.

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Introducción: El informe médico sobre el estado de salud del paciente ingresado a los servicios de emergencia se ha modificado, debido al necesario distanciamiento por la epidemia de COVID-19. Por esto, es importante conocer la percepción que tienen los familiares informados sobre el reporte médico telefónico implementado. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los parientes sobre la atención de pacientes internados por COVID-19, a través del informe médico telefónico entregado a las familias en el servicio de emergencia de un hospital terciario del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud), Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional, mediante encuesta a familiares de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados durante los meses de julio y agosto del año 2020. Se usó como base la "Encuesta de satisfacción de usuario externo del Ministerio de Salud" adaptada a esta realidad, no habiéndose realizado ningún trabajo similar a este en forma previa. Se consideraron las dimensiones información, respeto al usuario, eficacia, accesibilidad, oportunidad, seguridad y satisfacción global. Se seleccionó la muestra para poblaciones finitas de 2936 familiares, obteniéndose 347 encuestas de 641 llamadas realizadas. Se les llamó telefónicamente y, previa aceptación, se les envió la encuesta vía en formato . Recibida la encuesta, se procedió a su análisis mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 641 llamadas telefónicas con una tasa de respuesta de 54,1% obteniéndose 347 encuestas. La edad promedio fue de 40,12 años (desviación estándar de 11,93), de los cuales 61,4% era del sexo femenino y 38% estaban casados. El 65,1% de los entrevistados tenía educación superior. Dentro de los distritos de procedencia, Chorrillos tuvo más encuestados con 10,1%. El 42,4% de los encuestados fueron hijos de los pacientes internados, 17,3% fueron cónyuges y el 85% no era personal de salud. Las dimensiones con percepción de acuerdo fueron: información 88,8%, respeto de usuario 82,1%, eficacia 70,3%; accesibilidad 75,8%; oportunidad 79,0% y seguridad 87,9%. La satisfacción global obtuvo un 73,2% de acuerdo. Conclusiones: La información médica telefónica entregada a los familiares de pacientes internados por COVID-19 en las salas de emergencia, encontró una satisfacción global de 73,2% de acuerdo. La información médica telefónica es una alternativa importante para mejorar la calidad de atención durante la epidemia por COVID-19.

Introduction: Medical reports of patients admitted to the emergency services has been modified due to the social distancing needed in the COVID-19 epidemic. For this reason, it is essential to know the family members' perceptions about telephone medical reports. Objective: To determine the perception of care by family members of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 on telephone medical reports in a tertiary hospital's emergency room in Lima, Peru. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional study, through a survey of family members of patients with COVID-19 admitted during July and August 2020. The "External user satisfaction survey of the Ministry of Health" adapted to this setting was used due to the absence of similar studies. Information, respect for the user, efficiency, accessibility, suitability, security, and overall satisfaction were considered. The sample size for finite populations was selected from 2 936 family members, obtaining 347 surveys from 641 calls. Relatives were called by phone, and after acceptance, the survey was sent to them via WhatsApp in Google Forms format. Once the survey was received, it was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results: We made 641 telephone calls with a response rate of 54.1%, obtaining 347 surveys. The mean age was 40.12 years (standard deviation: 11.93 years), with 61.4% of females and 38.0% married. We found that 65.1% received higher education and that Chorrillos was the most prevalent district (10.1%). Moreover, 42.4% of those surveyed were children of hospitalized patients, 17.3% were spouses, and 85% were not health personnel. We found a high level of agreement in overall satisfaction (73.2%) and in most dimensions, including information (88.8%), respect for the user (82.1%), efficiency (70.3%), accessibility (75.8%), suitability (79.0%), and security (87.9%). Conclusion: The telephone medical reports to relatives of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the emergency room found an overall satisfaction of 73.2% . Telephone medical reports are essential alternatives to improve the quality of care during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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AIMS: In-depth and updated systematic reviews evaluating telephone calls in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management are missing. This study aimed to assess the effect of this intervention on glycemic control in T2DM patients when compared with usual care. METHODS: We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on T2DM using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and LILACS, up to March 2021. The Risk of Bias 2.0 (Rob 2.0) tool and GRADE were used for the quality evaluation. The intervention effect was estimated by the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). PROSPERO registry CRD42020204519. RESULTS: 3545 references were reviewed and 32 were included (8598 patients). Telephone calls, all approaching education, improved HbA1c by 0.33% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.18%; I2 = 78%; p < 0.0001] compared to usual care. A greater improvement was found when the intervention included pharmacologic modification (-0.82%, 95% CI, -1.42% to -0.22%; I2 = 92%) and when it was applied by nurses (-0.53%, 95% CI, -0.86% to -0.2%; I2 = 87%). Meta-regression showed no relationship between DM duration and HbA1c changes. CONCLUSION: The telephone call intervention provided a benefit regarding T2DM glycemic control, especially if provided by nurses, or if associated with patient education and pharmacological treatment modification.

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OBJECTIVE: To explore trends and patterns of laypeople's activity for seeking telephone number of emergency medical services (EMS) based on analysis of online search traffic, including changes of the search activity with onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, in five countries - the United States of America (USA), India, Brazil, the United Kingdom (UK) and Russia. METHODS: Google Trends (GT) country-level data on weekly relative search volumes (RSV) for top queries to seek EMS number were examined for January 2018-October 2021, including a comparison of RSVs between pre-COVID-19 period (January 2018-October 2019) and COVID-19 period (January 2020-October 2021), and evaluation of temporal associations of RSVs with weekly numbers of new COVID-19 cases. RESULTS: The countries demonstrated diverse patterns of the search activity with significantly different mean RSVs (the USA 1.76, India 10.20, Brazil 2.51, the UK 6.42, Russia 56.79; p < 0.001). For all countries excepting the USA mean RSVs of the COVID-19 period were significantly higher compared with the pre-COVID-19 ones (India +74%, Brazil +148%, the UK +22%, Russia +9%; p ≤ 0.034), and exhibited positive correlations with numbers of new COVID-19 cases, more pronounced for 2021 (India rS = 0.538, Brazil 0.307, the UK 0.434, Russia 0.639; p ≤ 0.045). CONCLUSION: Laypeople's activity for seeking EMS telephone number greatly varies between countries. It clearly responds to the spread of COVID-19 and could be reflective of public need for obtaining emergency help. Further studies are required to establish the role of GT for conducting real-time surveillance of population demand for EMS.

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The global health emergency due to COVID-19 is a disruptive event that has had various effects on mental health. Given this emergency, the Dominican Republic intervened to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic, considering the physical isolation decreed in the country. In this context, the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo and the School of Psychology designed the UASD COVID-19 Psychological Helpline. The objective of this article is to describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a programme of psychological first aid. The programme aimed to attenuate the impact of morbidity and mortality due to mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic through mobile technology. There were 62 psychologists involved and trained to provide care, and a protocol was developed, implemented, monitored and evaluated. Over the course of four months, the programme assisted 497 people. The average age of the participants was 32 years, and 73% were women. The reasons for contacting the helpline included anxiety, stress, depression, domestic violence, suicidal behaviours and other behavioural problems. Following the intervention, most users reported feeling satisfied and having improved emotions. The first psychological aid in the country developed through telephone and chat messaging was an optimal resource since face-to-face interaction was not possible. It also reached more people and reduced the attention gap.

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Introducción: Para dar respuesta al reclamo de la máxima dirección del país y del MINSAP y brindar apoyo psicológico ante la situación emergente de la COVID-19, se activó la línea 103. Esta apertura permitió ayudar también a mujeres sobrevivientes de la violencia de género. Es una oportunidad disponer de recursos humanos especializados y capacitados para prestar este servicio. Objetivo: Proporcionar un manual que permita a los operarios de la línea CONVIDA 2020 brindar ayuda psicológica a las mujeres sobrevivientes de la violencia de género que solicitan el servicio. Métodos: La lógica procesal para la confección de este manual contó de tres pasos, el primero para sistematizar los elementos teóricos y metodológicos, la estructura, las etapas y sus componentes. El segundo para el establecimiento de los lineamientos y el desarrollo de los procedimientos, y el tercer paso y final, para el análisis de las dimensiones de la calidad. Los principales métodos teóricos utilizados fueron: revisión documental, educación comparada, el sistémico-estructural y funcional, el análisis-estructural y a nivel empírico la técnica de la observación de campo y la ponderación. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento que permite ordenar operativamente el desempeño del día a día de los operadores de la línea CONVIDA 2020. Se establecieron los lineamientos y las instrucciones para los procedimientos en: pasos para realizar la atención telefónica, fases de la ayuda psicológica, señales de alerta, los primeros auxilios psicológicos y la ruta crítica de la línea. Conclusiones: El rigor metodológico y científico de este manual se evidencia en la concatenación y sistematización de sus contenidos, que permiten ofrecer ayuda psicológica a las mujeres sobrevivientes de la violencia de género que solicitan el servicio, de forma oportuna, continua, asequible, eficiente, útil y con alto nivel de satisfacción por parte de los usuarios internos y externos(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: In order to respond to the demand of the country's top management and the Ministry of Public Health, as well as to provide psychological support in the face of the emerging COVID-19 situation, the phone line 103 was activated. This creation also made it possible to help women survivors of gender violence. It is an opportunity to have specialized and trained human resources for providing this service. Objective: To provide a manual that allows the operators of CONVIDA 2020 phone line to provide psychological help to women survivors of gender violence who request the service. Methods: The procedural logic for the preparation of this manual had three steps: 1) to systematize the theoretical and methodological elements, the structure, the stages and their components; 2) To establish guidelines and the development of the procedures; and 3) to analyze the quality dimensions. The main theoretical methods used were document review, comparative education, the systemic-structural and functional, structural-analysis and, at the empirical level, the technique of field observation and weighting. Results: An instrument was obtained that allows operational ordering of day-to-day performance of the phone operators of the CONVIDA 2020 line. The guidelines and instructions for the procedures were established: steps to carry out telephone assistance, phases of psychological help, warning signs, psychological first aid and the critical pathway of the line. Conclusions: The methodological and scientific accuracy of this manual is evidenced in the concatenation and systematization of its contents, which allow offering psychological help to women survivors of gender violence who request the service, in a timely, continuous, affordable and efficient manner, as it is useful and includes a high level of satisfaction from internal and external users(AU)

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Abstract Introduction: Although wildlife crossing structures have proven successful at reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions and linking fragmented habitat, their ability to prevent electrocutions of arboreal wildlife has not been closely examined. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aerial rope bridges in restoring habitat connectivity for arboreal species in Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, while preventing electrocutions by determining 1) what species are using the rope bridges and 2) whether wildlife prefer to use rope bridges instead of other hazardous structures that cross the roads (such as telephone cables, which are often in close proximity to electric wires). Methods: From January to May 2016, nine rope bridges along the highly-trafficked main road that extends from Quepos to Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, were monitored using camera traps, and ten rope bridges were observed directly along a paved side road off the main road. Results: A total of 11 species were seen using the bridges, and 1 540 crossings were witnessed via camera traps and observations (1 234 via camera traps, 306 during observations). Results from a paired t-test showed no significant difference in the average number of individuals crossing the road via rope bridges versus telephone cables (t(8) = 1.027, P = 0.334). Conclusions: Rope bridges are used by a variety of arboreal wildlife species with a high degree of frequency; however, due to the equally high usage of telephone cables by arboreal wildlife, they are insufficient to prevent wildlife electrocutions on their own. Rope bridges should be installed in tandem with other methods to prevent electrocutions, such as insulating electric wires, to facilitate the safe passage of wildlife over roads.

Resumen Introducción: Aunque los pasos de fauna han demostrado ser exitosos para reducir las colisiones entre vehículos y vida silvestre y vincular el hábitat fragmentado, su capacidad para prevenir electrocuciones de la vida silvestre arbórea no se ha examinado a fondo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de los puentes aéreos de cuerdas para restaurar la conectividad del hábitat de las especies arbóreas en Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica y al mismo tiempo prevenir las electrocuciones al determinar 1) qué especies están usando los puentes de cuerda y 2) si la vida silvestre prefiere usar puentes de cuerda en lugar de otras estructuras peligrosas que cruzan las carreteras (como cables telefónicos, que frecuentemente están muy cerca de cables eléctricos). Métodos: De enero a mayo de 2016, se monitorearon nueve puentes de cuerda a lo largo de la carretera principal altamente transitada que se extiende desde Quepos a Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, utilizando cámaras trampa y la observación directa en diez puentes de cuerda a lo largo de una carretera pavimentada más pequeña fuera de la carretera principal. Resultados: Se observaron un total de 11 especies utilizando los puentes y se presenciaron 1 540 cruces mediante cámaras trampa y observaciones (1 234 mediante cámaras trampa, 306 durante las observaciones). Los resultados de una prueba t pareada no mostraron diferencias significativas en el número promedio de individuos que cruzan la carretera a través de puentes de cuerda versus cables telefónicos, t (8) = 1.027, P = 0.334. Conclusiones: Los puentes de cuerdas son utilizados por una variedad de especies de vida silvestre arbóreas con un alto grado de frecuencia; sin embargo, debido al uso igualmente elevado de cables telefónicos por parte de la vida silvestre arbórea, se considera que son insuficientes para prevenir las electrocuciones de la vida silvestre por sí solas. Los puentes de cuerda deben instalarse junto con otros métodos para evitar electrocuciones, como cables eléctricos aislados, para facilitar el paso seguro de la vida silvestre por las carreteras.

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A partir da experiência de atendimento telefônico, o autor aborda outras, literárias e psicanalíticas, de uso do telefone e do rádio, aqui entendido como telefonema a um grande número de pessoas. Após aludir às maneiras inaugurais de considerar o telefone, sobretudo com Roland Barthes e Marcel Proust, estuda as experiências de Donald Winnicott e Walter Benjamin.

From the experience with telephone assistance, the author approaches others, literary and psychoanalytically, through telephone and radio, here understood as phone calls to a large number of people. After alluding to the inaugural ways of considering the telephone especially by Roland Barthes and Marcel Proust, he studies the experiences of Winnicott and Benjamin at length.

A partir de nuestra experiencia de asistencia telefónica, el autor se acerca a otras, literarias y psicoanalíticas, de uso telefónico y radiofónico, entendido como llamada telefónica a un gran número de personas. Tras aludir a las formas inaugurales de considerar el teléfono, especialmente con Roland Barthes y Marcel Proust, estudia detenidamente las experiencias de Winnicott y Benjamin.

À partir de notre expérience en matière de soins par téléphone, l'auteur aborde une expérience d'utilisation de la radio, laquelle est comprise ici comme un appel téléphonique à un grand nombre de personnes. Après avoir fait allusion aux premières façons d'envisager le téléphone, notamment avec Roland Barthes et Marcel Proust, il étudie longuement les expériences de Donald W. Winnicott et Walter Benjamin.