RESUMO
Introducción: Para el neonato con ventilación mecánica asistida la técnica de aspiración a través del tubo endotraqueal se hace indispensable para conservarlo libre de secreciones, de esta forma, se mantiene la vía aérea permeable. En el área hospitalaria, la práctica para realizar este procedimiento contempla una técnica cerrada y otra abierta. Ambas son indispensables en el manejo correcto del paciente, cuando se usan adecuadamente. Objetivo: Analizar a través de la evidencia científica disponible, las ventajas y/o desventajas de las técnicas cerrada y abierta en el paciente neonato intubado. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Pubmed, CUIDEN, Cochrane y LILACS. Además, se examinaron las listas de referencias de los artículos seleccionados. Desarrollo: Tras la revisión de los resultados y la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión fueron seleccionados seis artículos para el análisis en profundidad de los mismos. Resultados y conclusiones: En el recién nacido que está intubado, la literatura establece que la técnica cerrada ofrece mayores ventajas a los neonatos. Los autores concluyen esto, debido a que la técnica cerrada mantiene el volumen pulmonar y la presión intracraneana en parámetros estables, asimismo, mediante esta técnica se previene la hipoxia e hipoxemia por lo cual se conserva adecuadamente la saturación de oxígeno, el llenado capilar y la frecuencia cardiaca durante el procedimiento.
Introduction: In neonates under assisted ventilation, the endotracheal aspiration techniques become necessary in order to maintain the baby's airway free of secretions. Within the hospital area, the practice of these procedures includes a closed and an open technique. Both are crucial for the correct management of these patients and should always be properly performed. Objective: To analyze, through available scientific evidence, the advantages and disadvantages of the open and closed endotracheal aspiration techniques in the neonatal patient under assisted ventilation. Methodology: A bibliographical review was conducted on the PubMed, CUIDEN, Cochrane, and LILACS databases. In addition, the reference lists of the selected articles were also examined. Development: After the review and application of the inclusion criteria, a total of six articles were selected for in-depth analysis. Results and conclusions: The literature on the neonate under assisted ventilation suggests that the closed endotracheal aspiration technique offers more advantages because it maintains the pulmonary volume and the intracranial pressure within stable ranges, and also, it prevents hypoxia and hypoxemia, adequately maintaining the oxygen saturation, the capillary refill, and the cardiac frequency during the procedure.
Introdução: Para o neonato com ventilação mecânica assistida a técnica de aspiração através do tubo endotraqueal se faz indispensável para conservá-lo livre de secreções, mantendo assim, a via aérea permeável. Na área hospitalar, a prática para realizar este procedimento contempla uma técnica fechada e outra aberta. Ambas são indispensáveis no funcionamento correto do paciente, quando se usam adequadamente. Objetivo: Analisar através da evidencia científica disponível, as vantagens e/ou desvantagens das técnicas técnica fechada e aberta no paciente neonato intubado. Metodologia: Levou-se a cabo uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados de Pubmed, CUIDEN, Cochrane e LILACS. Além disso, examinaram-se nas listas de referências dos artigos selecionados. Desenvolvimento: Após da revisão dos resultados e da aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados seis artigos para a análise exaustiva dos mesmos. Resultados e conclusões: No recém-nascido que está intubado, a literatura estabelece que a técnica fechada oferece maiores vantagens nos neonatos. Os autores concluem isto, devido a que a técnica fechada mantem o volume pulmonar e a pressão ointracraneana em parâmetros estáveis, assim mesmo, mediante esta técnica previne-se a hipóxia e hipoxemia, conservando adequadamente a saturação do oxigênio, o enchimento capilar e a frequência cardíaca durante o procedimento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Respiração Artificial , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Background: : : : Surgical sterilization of male cats is one of the most commonly procedures in the small animals practice, used as a control method against the overpopulation of domestic cats. Orchiectomy also aims to prevent or treat hormone-mediated diseases, disorders of the reproductive organs, such as testicular cancer, orchitis, prostatic diseases, trauma or abscesses. In addition, it may be used to control undesirable changes in behavior in adult cats such as the case of territorial marking and aggression. Several surgical techniques are described for orchiectomy in cats using different methods of hemostasis and/or ligation of the spermatic cord. There is a paucity of scientific studies and comparative data that supports one technique over the other, so this experiment was conducted to compare the three major open surgical techniques of ligation of the spermatic vessels to perform orchiectomy in cats. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-nine young entire adult male cats, with an average weight of 2.7 kg, were divided into three groups. In group I, animals underwent orchiectomy using the suture technique to ligation of the spermatic cord. In group II, the spermatic cord was used to perform an eight-knot on itself. In group III, the vas deferens and spermatic cord were used together to make square-knots. The outcome of surgical procedures was assessed by clini
RESUMO
Background: : : : Surgical sterilization of male cats is one of the most commonly procedures in the small animals practice, used as a control method against the overpopulation of domestic cats. Orchiectomy also aims to prevent or treat hormone-mediated diseases, disorders of the reproductive organs, such as testicular cancer, orchitis, prostatic diseases, trauma or abscesses. In addition, it may be used to control undesirable changes in behavior in adult cats such as the case of territorial marking and aggression. Several surgical techniques are described for orchiectomy in cats using different methods of hemostasis and/or ligation of the spermatic cord. There is a paucity of scientific studies and comparative data that supports one technique over the other, so this experiment was conducted to compare the three major open surgical techniques of ligation of the spermatic vessels to perform orchiectomy in cats. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-nine young entire adult male cats, with an average weight of 2.7 kg, were divided into three groups. In group I, animals underwent orchiectomy using the suture technique to ligation of the spermatic cord. In group II, the spermatic cord was used to perform an eight-knot on itself. In group III, the vas deferens and spermatic cord were used together to make square-knots. The outcome of surgical procedures was assessed by clini
RESUMO
Surgical sterilization of male cats is one of the most commonly procedures in the small animals practice, used as a control method against the overpopulation of domestic cats. Orchiectomy also aims to prevent or treat hormone-mediated diseases, disorders of the reproductive organs, such as testicular cancer, orchitis, prostatic diseases, trauma or abscesses. In addition, it may be used to control undesirable changes in behavior in adult cats such as the case of territorial marking and aggression. Several surgical techniques are described for orchiectomy in cats using different methods of hemostasis and/or ligation of the spermatic cord. There is a paucity of scientific studies and comparative data that supports one technique over the other, so this experiment was conducted to compare the three major open surgical techniques of ligation of the spermatic vessels to perform orchiectomy in cats.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos/classificação , Orquiectomia/métodos , Castração/veterinária , MétodosRESUMO
Surgical sterilization of male cats is one of the most commonly procedures in the small animals practice, used as a control method against the overpopulation of domestic cats. Orchiectomy also aims to prevent or treat hormone-mediated diseases, disorders of the reproductive organs, such as testicular cancer, orchitis, prostatic diseases, trauma or abscesses. In addition, it may be used to control undesirable changes in behavior in adult cats such as the case of territorial marking and aggression. Several surgical techniques are described for orchiectomy in cats using different methods of hemostasis and/or ligation of the spermatic cord. There is a paucity of scientific studies and comparative data that supports one technique over the other, so this experiment was conducted to compare the three major open surgical techniques of ligation of the spermatic vessels to perform orchiectomy in cats.(AU)