RESUMO

Objective: to map scientific productions on the application of the Neuman Systems Model to the Nursing practice focused on health care for aged people. Method: a scoping review based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Seven electronic databases were consulted. Regarding the eligibility criteria, the following were considered: Population - Aged people; Concept - Application of the Neuman Systems Model in the Nursing practice; and Research Context - Health services. Results: a total of 14 studies made up the sample. The data were analyzed and summarized into two categories: implementation of the Neuman Systems Model in hospital, institutional and outpatient settings; and use of the Neuman Systems Model in community and home environments. Conclusion: the application of Neuman Systems approach to the Gerontology Nursing practice, in different care scenarios, proved to be promising, considering aged people as comprehensive individuals with multiple dimensions. This perspective has shown adaptability and effectiveness in meeting the diverse needs of older adults, resulting in an improvement in their quality of life in old age.

Objetivo: mapear producciones científicas sobre la aplicación del Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman a la práctica de enfermería para la atención de la salud del adulto mayor. Método: revisión de alcance, basada en la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute . Se consultaron siete bases de datos electrónicas. Se consideraron los siguientes criterios de elegibilidad: Población - adultos mayores; Concepto - aplicación del Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman a la práctica de enfermería; y Contexto de la investigación - servicios de salud. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 14 estudios. Los datos se analizaron y resumieron en dos categorías: implementación del Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman en ambientes hospitalarios, institucionales y ambulatorios y uso del Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman en el ambiente comunitario y el domiciliario. Conclusión: la aplicación del enfoque sistémico de Neuman a la práctica de enfermería gerontológica, en diferentes escenarios de atención, resultó prometedora, al considerar al adulto mayor como individuo integral y con múltiples dimensiones. Se comprobó que esa perspectiva cuenta con adaptabilidad y eficacia para satisfacer las diferentes necesidades de los adultos mayores, y que mejora la calidad de vida en la vejez.

Objetivo: mapear as produções científicas sobre a aplicação do Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman à prática de enfermagem voltada para a atenção à saúde de idosos. Método: revisão de escopo, baseada na metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute . Foram consultadas sete bases de dados eletrônicas. Quanto aos critérios de elegibilidade, consideraram-se: População - idosos; Conceito - aplicação do Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman na prática de enfermagem; e Contexto da pesquisa - serviços de saúde. Resultados: 14 estudos compuseram a amostra. Os dados foram analisados e sumarizados em duas categorias: implementação do Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman em ambientes hospitalares, institucionais e ambulatoriais e utilização do Modelo de Sistemas de Neuman em ambientes comunitário e domiciliar. Conclusão: A aplicação da abordagem de sistemas de Neuman à prática de enfermagem gerontológica, em diversos cenários de cuidado revelou-se promissora, ao considerar os idosos como indivíduos abrangentes e de múltiplas dimensões. Essa perspectiva demonstrou adaptabilidade e eficácia para atender às diversas necessidades dos idosos, resultando em uma melhoria em sua qualidade de vida na velhice.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El estudio de los fundamentos teóricos permite profundizar en los procesos asociados a la asistencia en los cuidados progresivos. Es objetivo de esta investigación analizar los referentes teóricos para el diseño de un sistema de vigilancia de eventos adversos en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Para tal fin se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, desde el referente, avanzado para su tiempo, de Florence Nightingale; pasando por los supuestos teóricos de Madeleine Leininger; hasta la conexión con el modelo del Queso Suizo de Reason y la teoría general de los sistemas de Ludwing Von Bertalanffy. La integración de dichas teorías resultó de gran valor para el planteamiento de un sistema de vigilancia fundamentado científicamente, aplicable con vistas a lograr otros productos que se sustenten posteriormente en la práctica.

The study of the theoretical foundations allows delving into the processes associated with assistance in progressive care. The objective of this research is to analyze the theoretical references for the design of a surveillance system for adverse events in intensive care units. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out, from the referent, advanced for its time, by Florence Nightingale; going through the theoretical assumptions of Madeleine Leininger; to the connection with Reason's Swiss Cheese model and Ludwig Von Bertalanffy's general systems theory. The integration of these theories was of great value for the approach of a scientifically based surveillance system, applicable with a view to achieving other products that are later supported in practice.

RESUMO

Antecedentes La diferenciación del self es la capacidad intrapsíquica de distinguir las emociones de las cogniciones, y la capacidad interpersonal de mantener vínculos significativos y ser autónomos. Objetivo Analizar la relación entre la diferenciación y las habilidades sociales, y las diferencias en la diferenciación en función de la asistencia a psicoterapia en una muestra española. Método La muestra está formada por 126 sujetos españoles, 78 mujeres y 48 hombres, de entre 18 y 65 años, que contestaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Diferenciación del Self y la Escala de Habilidades Sociales. Resultados Se observaron relaciones entre la diferenciación y las habilidades sociales. Además, la fusión con los otros y el corte emocional predecían las habilidades sociales. Por otro lado, los sujetos que habían realizado una terapia anteriormente y aquellos que nunca habían acudido a terapia tenían unos niveles de diferenciación más altos que aquellos que acudían a terapia en el momento del estudio. Conclusiones Existen asociaciones entre la diferenciación del self, las habilidades sociales y la asistencia a terapia. Se discuten los resultados y se sugieren futuras líneas de investigación.

Background Differentiation of self is the intrapsychic capacity to distinguish emotions from cognitions and the interpersonal capacity to maintain significant bonds and to be autonomous. Objetive To analyze the relationship between differentiation and social skills, and the differences in differentiation according to therapy attendance in a Spanish sample. Method The sample consisted of 126 Spanish subjects, 78 women and 48 men, aged between 18 and 65 years, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Differentiation of Self Scale and the Social Skills Scale. Results Significant relationships between differentiation of self and social skills were observed. Furthermore, fusion with others and emotional cutoff predicted social skills. On the other hand, subjects who had previously undergone therapy and those who had never attended therapy had higher levels of differentiation than those who were attending therapy at the time of the study. Conclusion There are associations between differentiation of self, social skills, and therapy attendance. Results are discussed and future lines of research are suggested.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to know perception of the marital subsystem (parents) and to understand the dynamics of the family system in offer of pacifiers. Ten couples, parents of children between 4 and 7 years old, were interviewed by means of a semi-structured script of questions about the offer of pacifiers for their children. Answers by qualitative method of content analysis, using predefined categories of the General Systems Theory (homeostasis, circularity, globality, non- summativity, morphogenesis and equifinality). Pacifier offer reestablished the Homeotasis related to adaptation of mother in postpartum period; in introduction of artificial nipples due to allergy to breast milk and to avoid thumb sucking. Circularity occurred in paternal support to stimulate breastfeeding and in offer of pacifier to reduce the dependence of baby regarding the mother. Globality occurred when offer of pacifier softened mastitis and colic of baby. Non-somivity was evidenced in the mother's attitude in controlling behavior of children with offer of pacifier. Morphogenesis predominated in influence of extern al systems (health, school, kinship, marketing and social media) on family decision to offer pacifiers. Offer of pacifiers interfe red in Equifinality, favoring the organization of family system in face of complications in breastfeeding. Offer of pacifier sought to meet emergency needs of baby, although there was a perception of consequences for child's health in long term. General Theory of Systems allowed verifying the dynamics of family system, which can be applied by health professionals in order to understand the factors involved in offer of pacifiers.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la percepción del subsistema conyugal (padres) y comprender la dinámica del sistema familiar en la oferta de chupetes. Se entrevistó a diez parejas, padres de niños entre 4 y 7 años, mediante un guión semiestructurado de preguntas sobre la oferta de chupetes para sus hijos. Respuestas por método cualitativo de análisis de contenido, utilizando categorías predefinidas de la Teoría General de Sistemas (homeostasis, circularidad, globalidad, no sumatividad, morfogénesis y equifinalidad). La oferta de chupete restableció la Homeotasis relacionada con la adaptación de la madre en el puerperio; en la introducción de pezones artificiales por alergia a la leche materna y para evitar chuparse el dedo. Ocurrió circularidad en el apoyo paterno para estimular el amamantamiento y en la oferta del chupete para reducir la dependencia del bebé con respecto a la madre. La globalidad ocurrió cuando la oferta del chupete suavizó la mastitis y el cólico del bebé. La no somividad se evidenció en la actitud de la madre en el control de la conducta de los niños con oferta de chupete. Predominó la morfogénesis en la influencia de los sistemas externos (salud, escuela, parentesco, marketing y redes sociales) en la decisión familiar de ofrecer chupetes. La oferta de chupetes interfirió en la Equifinalidad, favoreciendo la organización del sistema familiar frente a las complicaciones en la lactancia. La oferta del chupete buscó atender las necesidades de emergencia del bebé, aunque hubo una percepción de consecuencias para la salud del niño a largo plazo. La Teoría General de Sistemas permitió verificar la dinámica del sistema familiar, que puede ser aplicada por los profesionales de la salud para comprender los factores involucrados en la oferta de chupetes.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2008, Ecuador introduced Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir (PNBV; National Plan for Good Living), which was widely recognized as a promising example of Health in All Policies (HiAP) due to the integration of policy sectors on health and health equity objectives. PBNV was implemented through three successive plans (2009-2013, 2013-2017, 2017-2021). In a time of widening global health inequities, there is growing interest in understanding how politics and governance shape HiAP implementation. The objective of this study was to test specific hypotheses about how, why, to what extent, and under what circumstances HiAP was implemented in Ecuador. METHODS: An explanatory case study approach (HiAP Analysis using Realist Methods on International Case Studies-HARMONICS) was used to understand the processes that hindered or facilitated HiAP implementation. Realist methods and systems theory were employed to test hypotheses through analysis of empirical and grey literature, and 19 key informant interviews. This case study focused on processes related to buy-in for a HiAP approach by diverse policy sectors, particularly in relation to the strong mandate and transformative governance approach that were introduced by then-President Rafael Correa's administration to support PNBV. RESULTS: The mandate and governance approach of the HiAP approach achieved buy-in for implementation across diverse sectors. Support for the hypotheses was found through direct evidence about buy-in for HiAP implementation by policy sectors; and indirect evidence about allocation of governmental resources for HiAP implementation. Key mechanisms identified included: influence of political elites; challenges in dealing with political opposition and 'siloed' ways of thinking; and the role of strategies and resources in motivating buy-in. CONCLUSION: In Ecuador, political elites were a catalyst for mechanisms that impacted buy-in and government funding for HiAP implementation. They raised awareness among policy sectors initially opposed to PNBV about the rationale for changing governance practices, and they provided financial resources to support efforts related to PNBV. Specific mechanisms help explain these phenomena further. Future studies should examine ways that PNBV may have been an impediment to health equity for some marginalized groups while strengthening HiAP implementation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This paper proposes a relationship between family problems and the issues of an analytical training group from the point of view of systems theory and analytical psychology. It also explores some ethical problems that are common to families and to training groups.

Cet article établit une relation entre les problèmes familiaux et les questions survenant dans les groupes de formation analytique, du point de vue de la théorie systémique et de la psychologie analytique. Il explore également quelques problèmes éthiques qui sont communs aux familles et aux groupes de formations.

El presente trabajo establece una relación entre problemas familiares y cuestiones grupales en la formación analítica, desde la perspectiva de la psicología analítica y de la teoría en sistemas familiares. También explora algunos problemas éticos que son comunes a las familias y a los grupos de formación.

Este artigo faz uma relação entre problemas familiares e questões de grupo de treinamento analítico, do ponto de vista da teoria dos sistemas e da psicologia analítica. Também explora alguns problemas éticos que são comuns às famílias e aos grupos de treinamento.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Complex systems theory has become one of the main frameworks to understand, model and explain interactional phenomena such as interpersonal coordination. In her paper, Butler (this issue) applies this approach to theorise about coordination at large, including human interactions. We argue that the all-encompassing language of complex systems theory leads to overemphasising the physical aspects that human interactions share with other coordinated systems in nature. This emphasis ultimately disregards the meaningful dimension implied in any human movement, understanding it as mechanical motion, rather than expressive actions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Society lives the transition between modernity and postmodernity. In this context, the family is considered as a fully dynamic system that changes over time. Therefore, family structures are in constant motion, and family functions also require changes. Sometimes the functions in the family change, but the structures do not, so conflicts within the family may appear. The objective of this research is to show how families evaluate their role in the postmodern context. Hence, the evaluation was carried out in 37 families through the APGAR test, a questionnaire that explores five areas of family function. Statistical analysis and data processing were performed with free software tools and the experiments may be reproduced as the data and code are hosted in open repositories. The results show that the perception of dysfunction at the individual level does not differ from the family perception. The families typically deny the conflict and the implicit changes in the family's functions because they do not know how to handle these changes. Likewise, the study shows that the changes in the family, attributed by several authors to the transition related to the postmodern paradigm, outline a growing trend towards the perception of the dysfunctionality of the family system over time.

RESUMO

El bajo peso al nacer constituye una preocupación mundial, los programas diseñados para prevenirlo dependen de la identificación de gestantes susceptibles. Existe escasa evidencia en la literatura acerca del cuidado por parte del profesional de enfermería dirigido a mujeres con factores de riesgo de tener niños con bajo peso al nacer desde la Atención Primaria de Salud. No obstante, hay teorías y modelos conceptuales que pueden ser aplicados para guiar las intervenciones. La teoría de los sistemas de enfermería es la que asumen los autores de esta investigación por considerarla de gran utilidad en la Salud Pública, debido a que, en el ámbito de la responsabilidad personal por la salud, centrar el autocuidado en la iniciativa propia de quienes lo requieren, entendiéndolo como "la práctica de actividades que los propios individuos, inician y desarrollan en su propio beneficio, en la mantención de su vida, salud y bienestar". El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar la importancia de la aplicación de la teoría de los sistemas de enfermería, para el abordaje de intervenciones de enfermería en la prevención del bajo peso al nacer desde la Atención Primaria de Salud.Las conclusionesdan luces sobrelas mujeres con diagnóstico de riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional y condiciones de riesgo para tener hijos con bajo peso al nacer, en particular, deben incorporar a su vida diaria autocuidados que les permitan prevenir complicaciones. Las teorías ayudan a adquirir conocimientos que contribuyen a perfeccionar prácticas cotidianas mediante la descripción, explicación, predicción y control de los fenómenos; además facilita a los profesionales autonomía de acción como guía en aspectos prácticos, educativos y de investigación.

Low birth weight is a global concern; programs designed to prevent it depend on the identification of susceptible pregnant women. There is little evidence in the literature about care by the Nursing professional directed to women with risk factors of having children with low birth weight from Primary Health Care. However, there are theories and conceptual models that can be applied to guide interventions. The Theory of Nursing Systems is the one assumed by the authors of this research because they consider it very useful in Public Health, because in the field of personal responsibility for health, it focuses self-care on the initiative of those who they require it, understanding it as "the practice of activities that individuals themselves initiate and develop for their own benefit, in maintaining their life, health and well-being." The goal of this study was to determine the importance of the application of the theory of nursing systems, for the approach of nursing interventions in the prevention of low birth weight from Primary Health Care.The conclusions shed light on the women with a diagnosis of preconception reproductive risk and risk conditions for having children with low birth weight, in particular, should incorporate self-care into their daily lives that allow them to prevent complications. Theories help to acquire knowledge that helps to improve daily practices through the description, explanation, prediction and control of phenomena; it also provides professionals with autonomy of action as a guide in practical, educational and research aspects.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The theory of critical transitions and the theory of self-referential social systems are two well-established theories in the ecosystem and sociological research respectively. A dialogue between them may offer new insights on the complex articulation of the nature and society nexus in socio-environmental transformations. By means of the conceptual reconstruction of both theories and drawing on relevant literature of social-ecological research, in this article, I argue that systems theory can contribute to the theory of critical transitions with a robust concept of communication that accounts for the relevance of semantics and social structures, the production of communicative locks, and the identification of early warning signals of social-ecological transitions in communication. On the other hand, the theory of critical transitions provides systems theory with both a refined concept of crisis as critical transition and the technical tools for empirical research. The article concludes that the dialogue between the science of ecosystems and the science of society is not an intellectual exercise but a form of increasing the correspondence between social-ecological transitions and our explanations and interventions in this domain.

RESUMO

A locomoção é uma função humana básica que permite ao indivíduo explorar seu ambiente e executar ações apropriadas. A locomoção também pode ser vista do ponto de vista energético, como uma forma de dissipar energia dentro de um sistema termodinâmico. Tradicionalmente, o controle da locomoção tem sido estudado sob a perspectiva de redes neuronais no sistema nervoso central. Abordagens mais recentes têm tentado fornecer uma visão diferenciada para o controle motor, como a abordagem dos Sistemas Dinâmicos ou Teoria dos Padrões Dinâmicos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os princípios teóricos da aplicação da abordagem dos sistemas dinâmicos para o entendimento da locomoção humana e discutir as implicações práticas dessa abordagem para a área da reabilitação. A abordagem dos Sistemas Dinâmicos é uma teoria que assume a importância dos vários subsistemas do organismo humano, que seriam controlados pelas leis dinâmicas da física. De forma geral, seria um sistema de autoorganização que busca estratégias mais eficazes de acordo com os recursos disponíveis e as limitações impostas pelo ambiente. Através dessa linha de raciocínio, podemos interpretar como acontece o processo de locomoção humana, seus padrões de ocorrência e ainda aplicá-la para a marcha de populações especiais, como paralisia cerebral, acidente vascular encefálico, dor lombar, dentre outros. (AU)

Locomotion is a basic human function, which allows the individual to explore his environment and perform appropriate actions. The locomotion also can be seen from the energy point of view, as a means of dissipating energy in a thermodynamic system. Traditionally, the locomotion control has been studied from the standpoint of neural networks in the central nervous system. More recent approaches have been tried to provide a different perspective for motor control, such as the approach of Dynamical Systems or Dynamical Patterns Theory. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the theoretical principles of the application of dynamical systems approach to understanding human locomotion and discuss the practical implications of this approach to the field of rehabilitation. The approach of Dynamical Systems is a theory that assess the importance of the various subsystems of the human body, which would be controlled by the dynamic laws of physics. In general, would be a system of self-organization looking for the most effective strategies in accordance with available resources and constraints imposed by the environment. Then, we can interpret the process of human locomotion, their patterns of occurrence and apply it to the gait of special populations, such as cerebral palsy, stroke, low back pain, among others. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Parent-adolescent conflict has been studied both as a precursor of long-term macrolevel developmental risks and as an outcome of microlevel, moment-to-moment interaction patterns. However, the family-level processes underlying the maintenance or regulation of conflict in daily life are largely overlooked. A meso-level understanding of parent-adolescent conflict offers important practical insights that have direct implications for interventions. The present study explores day-to-day reciprocal processes and carryover in parents' and adolescents' experiences of anger and conflict. Daily diary data provided by parent-adolescent dyads (N = 151) from two-caregiver households (adolescents: 61.59% female, mean age = 14.60 years) over 21 days were examined using a multivariate Poisson multilevel model to evaluate the circular causality principle in parents' and adolescents' daily conflict and anger. Findings offer empirical support for the theory, suggesting that parents' and adolescents' anger and conflict exist together in a feedback loop wherein conflict is both a consequence of past anger and also an antecedent of future anger, both within and across persons. Increased understanding of the daily interaction patterns and maintenance of parent-adolescent conflict can guide more informed, targeted, and well-timed interventions intended to ameliorate the consequences of problematic parent-adolescent conflict sequences.

El conflicto entre padres y adolescentes se ha estudiado como precursor de riesgos del desarrollo a nivel macro y a largo plazo y como resultado de los patrones de interacción a cada momento y a nivel micro. Sin embargo, los procesos a nivel familiar que subyacen al mantenimiento o a la regulación del conflicto en la vida diaria se pasan por alto en gran medida. Una comprensión a nivel meso del conflicto entre padres y adolescentes ofrece importantes conocimientos prácticos que tienen consecuencias directas para las intervenciones. El presente estudio analiza los procesos recíprocos diarios y residuales en las experiencias de enfado y conflicto de los padres y los adolescentes. Se analizaron los datos de los registros diarios proporcionados por las díadas padre-adolescente (N= 151) de dos hogares de cuidadores (adolescentes: 61.59 % sexo femenino, edad promedio= 14.60 años) durante 21 días utilizando un modelo multivariado y multinivel de Poisson para evaluar el principio de causalidad circular en el conflicto y el enfado diarios de los padres y los adolescentes. Los resultados ofrecen respaldo empírico para la teoría, ya que sugieren que el enfado y el conflicto de los padres y los adolescentes existen juntos en un círculo vicioso en el cual el conflicto es tanto una consecuencia del enfado anterior como un antecedente del enfado futuro, tanto dentro como entre las personas. Una mayor comprensión de los patrones de interacción diaria y del mantenimiento del conflicto entre padres y adolescentes puede guiar intervenciones más informadas, orientadas y oportunas destinadas a mejorar las consecuencias de las secuencias problemáticas de conflicto entre padres y adolescentes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

School social climate from a multidimensional perspective is a focus of great interest in international research and educational and well-being public policies due to the high prevalence of interpersonal violence in adolescents, currently considered a global public health problem. The object of the present study was to assess the psychometric measurement capacity of a set of items to evaluate school social climate in the Student Context Questionnaire of the Chilean Education Quality Measurement System. The sample analyzed consisted of second-year high school students who replied to a Student Context Questionnaire in 2015 (n~158,572). Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were carried out in a measurement model to identify the presence of constructs and items of high homogeneity. The results showed an acceptable to a good fit in the final model, which consisted of 15 latent constructs, and also showed invariance for school administrative dependencies and invariance for sex. All the above implies a contribution to the public organisms that create standardized tests along with the investigation in compulsory secondary education measurement to prevent future violent behaviors, contribute to reducing interpersonal violence, and improve the well-being of the educational community.

RESUMO

This work presents a novel approach for estimating the Solow-Cobb-Douglas economic growth model. In this case, an Extended Kalman Filter is used for estimating, at the same time, the time-varying parameters of the model and the system state, from subsets of partially available economic data measurements. Different from traditional econometric techniques, the proposed EKF approach is applied directly to a state-space representation of the original nonlinear model, where all the model parameters are treated as time-varying parameters. An extensive nonlinear observability analysis was carried out in order to investigate the different subsets of measurements that can be used for estimating the state of the system, and also, in order to find out theoretically necessary conditions to achieve the observability system property. Experiments with real macroeconomic data are presented in order to validate the proposed approach. While the observability analysis offer theoretically conditions for system observability, the experimental results suggest that between the subsets of available economic data, some specific economic data are more relevant than others for better estimating the model.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: World migration shifts emphasize the necessity of framing health behavior in the context of life course. Mexican-born households in the U.S. disproportionally experience food insecurity, a condition associated with poor health. Food assistance programs may not be accessible to immigrants, suggesting food provisioning strategies may play a critical protective role. OBJECTIVE: To explore life course and ecological system influences on food provisioning among low-income, Mexican-born mothers in the U.S. to identify target influences and behaviors for interventions. METHODS: Life Course Perspective and Ecological Systems Theory guided this qualitative study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) woman born in Mexico, 2) ≤10 years in U.S., 3) residing in one of two New York State counties, 4) at least one child ≤5 years old, and 5) <200% of the federal poverty line. Participants completed two semi-structured interviews, including a participant-driven photo elicitation interview, in English or Spanish, and a food insecurity assessment. Thematic content analysis identified emergent themes. RESULTS: Five themes emerged that were related to three key life course concepts: social context in Mexico (food insecurity experiences, agrarian experiences, and traditional foods and flavors), transitions (motherhood), and turning points (health events). All themes related to mothers' overall priority of providing home-cooked meals, and demonstrated life course influences shaping food provisioning values and strategies. CONCLUSION: Considering life course experiences is important to creating effective, multi-level approaches to reduce food insecurity among Mexican-born families in the northeastern U.S. Programs should have a particular emphasis on new or soon-to-be mothers and should include improved access to affordable in-season produce or gardening opportunities, peer-led food provisioning programs, and food and nutrition assistance programs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN La Teoría Sociobiológica Informacional propone una definición radicalmente distinta de los sistemas vivos, y con lo mismo es la única teoría neurológica existente que evade el problema mente-cerebro y que explica la naturaleza de la conciencia humana. Fue desarrollada por Pedro Ortiz Cabanillas entre 1984 y 2011. En este documento vamos a realizar un recuento de todas sus obras más importantes. Incluimos, adicionalmente, material inédito de los años 1998, 1999, 2006, y 2009.

ABSTRACT The Informational Sociobiological Theory proposes a radically-different definition of living systems and, therefore, is the only existing neurological theory that evades the mind-brain problem and explains the nature of human consciousness. It was developed by Pedro Ortiz Cabanillas between 1984 and 2011. In this document we are presenting a listing of his main works. We include, additionally, unpublished material of the years 1998, 1999, 2006, and 2009.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A diferenciação do self refere-se à capacidade para adquirir equilíbrio entre funcionamento emocional, intelectual, intimidade e autonomia nas relações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as variáveis associadas ao processo de diferenciação do self em pesquisas empíricas internacionais, publicadas nos últimos cinco anos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir da busca na base de dados Wef of Science, que resultou em 22 artigos científicos. As publicações foram analisadas em relação ao ano, ao método, à amostra e ao país onde foram produzidas. Efetuou-se, ainda, uma categorização temática, com base na similaridade dos conteúdos abordados pelas pesquisas. Os resultados indicaram associações positivas da diferenciação do self com variáveis ligadas ao bem-estar psicológico e à capacidade de relacionamento interpessoal, e negativas com fenômenos que apresentam relação com sofrimento psicológico e transtornos mentais. Esses achados reforçam a importância da diferenciação do self em intervenções psicoterapêuticas individuais, conjugais e familiares.(AU)

The differentiation of self refers to the capacity to obtain balance between the functioning of emotional, intellectual, intimacy and autonomy in relations. The objective of this study was to identify and to analyze the variables associated to the process of differentiation of self in international empirical researches, published in the last five years. It was made an integrative literature review, starting from the search in the data base Wef of Science, which resulted in 22 scientific articles. The publications were analyzed in relation to the year, method, sample and country where they were performed. It was done, yet, a thematic categorization, based in the similarity of the contents covered for the researches. The results indicated positive associations of the differentiation of self with variables related to the psychological welfare and to the capacity of interpersonal relationship, and negative associations with phenomenon that have relation with psychological suffering and mental disorders. These findings reinforce the importance of differentiation of self in individual, marital and family psychotherapeutic interventions.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mudanças cognitivas na vida de um sujeito podem ser avaliadas através de manifestações indiretas, como o comportamento e a linguagem.Apresentamos um Metamodelo teórico para analisar as mudanças de valores,crenças e de conduta de indivíduos quando estão em grupos. A mudança, que produz uma reeducação cultural, pode ser compreendida a partir das teorias de Dinâmica de Grupo, da Psicologia Cognitiva e da Teoria de Redes, auxiliadas pela ótica da Teoria dos Sistemas.

Cognitive changes in the life of a person can be evaluated through indirectmanifestations, such as the behavior and language and thus infer the type ofcognitive change. We present a theoretical Metamodel to analyze the changesin values, beliefs and behavior of individuals when they are in groups. Thechange, which produces a cultural re-education, can be understood from thegroup dynamics theories, Cognitive Psychology and Network Theory, aided bythe viewpoint of Systems Theory

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mudanças cognitivas na vida de um sujeito podem ser avaliadas através demanifestações indiretas, como o comportamento e a linguagem.Apresentamos um Metamodelo teórico para analisar as mudanças de valores,crenças e de conduta de indivíduos quando estão em grupos. A mudança, queproduz uma reeducação cultural, pode ser compreendida a partir das teoriasde Dinâmica de Grupo, da Psicologia Cognitiva e da Teoria de Redes, auxiliadaspela ótica da Teoria dos Sistemas.

Cognitive changes in the life of a person can be evaluated through indirectmanifestations, such as the behavior and language and thus infer the type ofcognitive change. We present a theoretical Metamodel to analyze the changesin values, beliefs and behavior of individuals when they are in groups. Thechange, which produces a cultural re-education, can be understood from thegroup dynamics theories, Cognitive Psychology and Network Theory, aided bythe viewpoint of Systems Theory

Assuntos