RESUMO
Three new species of the spider genus Speocera Berland, 1914 are described from caves of different lithologies, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Speocera canjica n. sp., S. pamonha n. sp. and S. vacaatolada n. sp., all based on males and females. Among the described species, S. vacaatolada n. sp., presents a palp morphology similar to that of Speocera pallida, where a reduction of bulb structures occurs. Résumé Trois nouvelles espèces du genre Speocera (Araneae : Ochyroceratidae) provenant de grottes de l'État de Minas Gerais, Brésil. Trois nouvelles espèces du genre d'araignées Speocera Berland, 1914, collectées dans des grottes de différentes lithologies de l'État de Minas Gerais, au Brésil, sont décrites : Speocera canjica n. sp., S. pamonha n. sp. et S. vacaatolada n. sp., toutes basées sur des mâles et des femelles. Parmi les espèces décrites, S. vacaatolada n. sp. est la première espèce avec une morphologie des palpes similaire à celle de Speocera pallida, où l’on constate une réduction des structures du bulbe.
RESUMO
Three new species of the spider genus Speocera Berland, 1914, collected in ferruginous caves in the Carajás region of Pará state, Brazil are described: Speocera pinima sp. nov., S. babau sp. nov. and S. piquira sp. nov., all based on males and females. These are abundant species, which have morphological characteristics probably associated with isolation in the subterranean environment. Variation in the shape of the lateral eyes, which can be reduced, and in the eyes colloration bright or opalescent, were observed in all species in this study. These morphological variations may indicate that some populations are in the process of isolation and/or are distributed in different horizons of the subterranean environment, including the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel (MSS). An update of male and female genital structures and specializations to the subterranean environment are discussed.
RESUMO
The first two anophthalmic species of spiders of the genus Ochyrocera Simon, 1892, are described for caves located in the iron formation of Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Carajás in southeastern Pará State, Brazil. The caves are located in the municipalities of Parauapebas and Canaã dos Carajás, in the eastern portion of the Amazon Forest domain. Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. and O. ritxoo sp. nov. are described based on males and females. The species have similar body characteristics with the total absence of eyes and complete depigmentation, characteristics that indicate possible evolution in subterranean environments , and thus are classified as troglobites. Each species is associated with a single geomorphological unit (mountain range), with Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. being restricted to caves of Serra Norte (North Mountain) and O. ritxoo sp. nov. to caves of Serra Sul (South Mountain). Both species were collected in aphotic zones of the caves. Small and tangled webs of O. ritxoco sp. nov. were observed under blocks of stone in the soil or in cracks of the walls.
RESUMO
Four new species of the spider genus Ochyrocera Fage, 1912 are described from iron caves in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Here we present the third anophtalmic and depigmented species of the genus, O. dorinha sp. nov., and three other depigmented species: O. monica sp. nov., O. magali sp. nov. and O. rosinha sp. nov. Only O. dorinha sp. nov. and O. rosinha sp. nov. are considered as troglobites due the ocular reduction or anophthalmia and elongated appendages, two troglomorphic features absent in the other species described.
RESUMO
The first two anophthalmic species of spiders of the genus Ochyrocera Simon, 1892, are described for caves located in the iron formation of Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Carajás in southeastern Pará State, Brazil. The caves are located in the municipalities of Parauapebas and Canaã dos Carajás, in the eastern portion of the Amazon Forest domain. Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. and O. ritxoo sp. nov. are described based on males and females. The species have similar body characteristics with the total absence of eyes and complete depigmentation, characteristics that indicate possible evolution in subterranean environments , and thus are classified as troglobites. Each species is associated with a single geomorphological unit (mountain range), with Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. being restricted to caves of Serra Norte (North Mountain) and O. ritxoo sp. nov. to caves of Serra Sul (South Mountain). Both species were collected in aphotic zones of the caves. Small and tangled webs of O. ritxoco sp. nov. were observed under blocks of stone in the soil or in cracks of the walls.
RESUMO
The singular spider genus Nyetnops Platnick Lise is revised and three new species are described from Peru (Nyetnops naylienae n. sp.), Bolivia (Nyetnops lachonta n. sp.) and Brazil (Nyetnops buruti n. sp.). An updated diagnosis is proposed for the type species Nyetnops guarani Platnick Lise and new records from the Brazilian State of São Paulo are presented for this species. The Ecuadorian species Nyetnops juchuy Dupérré is elected as the type species of a new genus herein proposed (Nopsma n. gen.), which also harbors three other new species from Peru (Nopsma enriquei n. sp.), Colombia (Nopsma florencia n. sp.) and Nicaragua (Nopsma armandoi n. sp.).
Assuntos
Aranhas , Distribuição Animal , AnimaisRESUMO
The Isla Sala y Gómez or Motu Motiro Hiva is located 415 km northeast of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and 3420 km from the coast of northern Chile. It is a small oceanic island (2.5 km2) dominated by volcanic rock with very little vegetal cover. Here, we describe the first endemic arachnid for the island, Ariadna motumotirohiva sp. nov. Females are similar to those of Ariadna perkinsi Simon, 1900 from Hawaiʻi and Ariadna lebronneci Berland, 1933 from the Marquesas in the dorsal dark abdominal pattern, but they differentiate from the latter in the anterior receptaculum, promarginal cheliceral teeth and leg IV macrosetae. A recent survey of the arachnid fauna of Rapa Nui, which included Motu Nui and the rocky shores, did not record the presence of the family Segestriidae, neither has it been found during previous surveys. However, it is not possible to discard the possibility of a local extinction on Rapa Nui and survival on Sala y Gómez. This study suggests other endemic terrestrial arthropods could be present on this very small and remote island.
RESUMO
The singular spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise is revised and three new species are described from Peru (Nyetnops naylienae n. sp.), Bolivia (Nyetnops lachonta n. sp.) and Brazil (Nyetnops buruti n. sp.). An updated diagnosis is proposed for the type species Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise and new records from the Brazilian State of São Paulo are presented for this species. The Ecuadorian species Nyetnops juchuy Dupérré is elected as the type species of a new genus herein proposed (Nopsma n. gen.), which also harbors three other new species from Peru (Nopsma enriquei n. sp.), Colombia (Nopsma florencia n. sp.) and Nicaragua (Nopsma armandoi n. sp.).
RESUMO
Three new species of the six-eyed haplogyne and ecribellate spiders from the genus Ochyrocera Simon, 1891 are illustrated and described based on males and females from southeastern Brazil: Ochyrocera tinocoi new species (Sooretama, Espírito Santo state), Ochyrocera garayae new species (Linhares and Sooretama, Espírito Santo state) and Ochyrocera itatinga new species (Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro state). The new species expand the distribution range of Ochyrocera in Brazil and increase to 50 the total number of species described, from which hitherto 33 species occur in South America, acknowledging the high diversity of the genus for the region.
Assuntos
Aranhas , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Seven new species of the spider genus Matta are described from caves in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil: M. zuiuda sp. n., Matta pititinha sp. n., Matta humhum sp. n., Matta cambito sp. n., Matta humrrum sp. n., Matta nuusga sp. n., and Matta teteia sp. n. Among these seven species, six have morphological features consistent with specialization to the subterranean environment and we hypothesize that they are troglobites. One species, Matta zuiuda sp. n., shares morphology similar to M. hambletoni Crosby and M. angelomachadoi Brescovit which are known from surface populations in the State of Minas Gerais.
Assuntos
Aranhas , Animais , Brasil , CavernasRESUMO
Seven new species of the spider genus Matta are described from caves in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil: M. zuiuda sp. n., Matta pititinha sp. n., Matta humhum sp. n., Matta cambito sp. n., Matta humrrum sp. n., Matta nuusga sp. n., and Matta teteia sp. n. Among these seven species, six have morphological features consistent with specialization to the subterranean environment and we hypothesize that they are troglobites. One species, Matta zuiuda sp. n., shares morphology similar to M. hambletoni Crosby and M. angelomachadoi Brescovit which are known from surface populations in the State of Minas Gerais.
RESUMO
The family Drymusidae includes 16 cryptic spiders that build irregular webs in dark places. The family is distributed in South Africa, the Neotropical and Andean regions. Here, we use a molecular approach to infer the relationships of Drymusidae using three mitochondrial (COI, 16S, 12S) and three nuclear (H3, 28S, 18S) markers. Our preferred analyses support Drymusidae and its American and African clades, which emerge as sister groups. Our analyses suggest a Gondwanan distribution of Drymusidae and a Westward radiation of Izithunzi gen. nov. within South Africa, but both hypotheses remain to be thoroughly tested. We describe Izithunzi gen. nov. for the African species. All previous African species are redescribed and new combinations are proposed: Izithunzi capense (Simon) comb. nov., Izithunzi productum (Purcell) comb. nov. and Izithunzi silvicola (Purcell) comb. nov. Two new species are described: Izithunzi lina sp. nov. (known from both sexes) and Izithunzi zondii sp. nov. (known only from females). The male of I. productum (Purcell) comb. nov. is also described for the first time. We consider Loxosceles valida Lawrence, 1964, a junior synonym of I. capense (Simon) comb. nov. (new synonymy). We also provide a dichotomous key for Izithunzi gen. nov. species.
RESUMO
Gippsicola Hogg is one of the four genera included in the family Segestriidae. Currently this monotypic Australian genus is represented by Gippsicola raleighi Hogg, 1900, a species described based on an immature specimen from Victoria, Australia. In this work we present a taxonomic revision of this genus, with an elucidative diagnosis, redescribing G. raleighi based on detailed morphologic characters of adult male specimens. Also, we are describing three new species: Gippsicola robusta n. sp. and G. lineata n. sp., both represented by males and females, and G. minuta n. sp., only known by the male. We provide some enlightenment on the systematics of Gippsicola and putative synapomorphies for the subfamily Segestriinae.
Assuntos
Aranhas , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , VitóriaRESUMO
Citharoceps Chamberlin was diagnosed by the presence of a very distinctive stridulatory apparatus composed of two patches of ridges on the sides of the cephalic region, and a stridulatory thorn on the prolateral region of the femur I. Currently, this genus is a junior synonym of Ariadna Audouin, with the assumption that the stridulatory apparatus could constitute an exclusive feature of its unique known species, Citharocepsfidicina Chamberlin, currently senior synonym of Citharocepscalifornica Chamberlin & Ivie. In the present study, Citharoceps is revalidated and redescribed based on the occurrence of the stridulatory apparatus in Citharocepsfidicina and Segestriacruzana Chamberlin & Ivie, and also on the presence of distinguishable characters, such as the length of the labium-sternum junction, ventral median spine on male metatarsi I, and strong sclerotized interpulmonary fold in females, forming a conspicuous median flap. Segestriacruzana is transfered to Citharoceps, with Citharocepscalifornica removed from the synonym of Citharocepsfidicina, and proposed as a junior synonym of Citharocepscruzana, due to the similarity between the additional material examined and the original description. Males of Citharocepsfidicina and Citharocepscruzana are described for the first time.