RESUMO
This study aims to develop a cheap method for the evaluation of quality of water or the assessment of the treatment of water by chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements throughout the use of the HSV color model in digital devices. A free application installed on a smartphone was used for analyzing the images in which the colors were acquired before to be quantified. The proposed method was also validated by the standard and spectrophotometric methods, demonstrating that no significant statistical differences were attained (average accuracy of 97 %). With these results, the utilization of this smartphone-based method for COD analysis was used/evaluated, for first time, by treating electrochemically a real water matrix with substantial organic and salts content using BDD and Pt/Ti anodes. Aiming to understand the performance of both anodes, bulk experiments were performed under real pH by applying current densities (j) of 15, 30, and 60 mA cm-2. COD abatement results (which were achieved with this novel smart water security solution) clearly showed that different organic matter removal efficiencies were achieved, depending on the electrocatalytic material used as well as the applied current density (42 %, 45 %, and 85 % for Ti/Pt while 93 %, 97 % and total degradation for BDD by applying 15, 30, and 60 mA cm-2, respectively). However, when the persulfate-mediated oxidation approach was used, with the addition of 2 or 4 g Na2SO4 L-1, COD removal efficiencies were enhanced, obtaining total degradation with 4 g Na2SO4 L-1 and by applying 15 mA cm-2. Finally, this smartphone imaging-based method provides a simple and rapid method for the evaluation of COD during the use of electrochemical remediation technology, developing and decentralizing analytics technologies for smart water solutions which play a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6).
Assuntos
Águas Residuárias , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Águas Residuárias/química , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Smartphone , Análise Custo-Benefício , Eletrodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Oxirredução , ÁguaRESUMO
Introducción: La obesidad es una forma de desnutrición cuyas cifras se incrementaron de manera alarmante en los últimos años. Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica realizada por profesionales de enfermería sobre la obesidad infantil en los últimos cinco años. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico en la base de datos Scopus. Se incluyeron artículos originales de acceso abierto, realizados por profesionales de la enfermería entre los años 2017 y 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1207 artículos originales; el crecimiento anual fue de 3,7 %; el autor con mayor productividad fue Keith Godfrey de la Universidad de Southampton (n = 23; 1,91 %); se posicionó el Instituto Liggins de la Universidad de Auckland como la institución con más publicaciones (n = 13; 1,08 %) y la revista Nutrientes como la más influyente (n = 223; 18,48 %). El idioma inglés se prefirió para las publicaciones y la mayoría (n = 9) pertenecía al cuartil 1. El artículo más citado fue el de Pietrobelli y otros, publicado en el 2020 con 167,5 citas por año. Los términos más empleados por los investigadores fueron obesidad infantil, obesidad pediátrica, índice de circunferencia de cintura, actividad física y ganancia de peso corporal. Conclusiones: La producción científica de enfermería sobre obesidad infantil se ha incrementado en los últimos años; los autores e instituciones más influyentes se encuentran en Estados Unidos; las revistas más importantes publican en inglés y pertenecen al cuartil 1; los términos más empleados hacen referencia a la obesidad infantil y sus factores predictivos.
Introduction: Obesity is a form of malnutrition whose figures have increased alarmingly in recent years. Objective: To analyze the scientific production carried out by nursing professionals on childhood obesity in the last five years. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was carried out in Scopus database. Original open access articles were included, carried out by nursing professionals from 2017 to 2021. Results: One thousand two hundred seven (1207) original articles were included; the annual growth was 3.7%; the most productive author was Keith Godfrey of the University of Southampton (n = 23; 1.91%). The Liggins Institute at the University of Auckland was ranked as the institution with the most publications (n = 13; 1.08%) and Nutrients journal as the most influential (n = 223; 18.48%). The English language was preferred for the publications and the majority (n = 9) belonged to quartile 1. The most cited article was the one by Pietrobelli et al, published in 2020 with 167.5 citations per year. The terms most used by the researchers were childhood obesity, pediatric obesity, waist circumference index, physical activity and body weight gain. Conclusions: Nursing scientific production on childhood obesity has increased in recent years; the most influential authors and institutions are in the United States; the most important journals publish in English and in quartile 1; the most frequently used terms refer to childhood obesity and its predictive factors.