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Background: Primary central nervous system germ cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms in pediatrics. Treatment depends on the histological subtype and extent of the disease. Overall survival (OS) is above 90% for germinomas and 70%-80% for nongerminomatous GCT (NGGCT) in high-income countries (HIC) while data are usually lacking for patients in Low-Middle Income country (LMIC). Objective: This study aims to describe the experience of treating patients with CNS GCT in four of eight countries, members of the Asociación de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica de Centro América (AHOPCA), and determine their 5-year OS. Design/methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients treated for CNS GCT. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, histology, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: From 2001 to 2021, 48 patients were included: 22 from Guatemala, 18 from Nicaragua, three from the Dominican Republic, and five from El Salvador. Thirty-one (64.6%) were boys; the median age at diagnosis was 10.2 years (range: 1 to 17 years). Presenting symptoms were headaches (n = 24, 50%), visual disturbances (n = 17, 35.4%), vomiting (n = 12, 25%), nausea (n = 8, 16.7%), and diabetes insipidus (n = 7, 14.6%). Two patients with NGGCT presented with precocious puberty. Biopsy or tumor resection was performed in 38 cases (79.2%): 23 (88.4%) germinomas, 11 (78.6%) NGGCT, and four (50%) CNS GCT. Eight patients were diagnosed and treated based on CSF tumor marker elevation; four germinomas (BHCG 11.32-29.41 mUI/mL) and four NGGCT (BHCG 84.43-201.97 mUI/mL or positive AFP > 10 UI/mL). Tumor locations included suprasellar (n = 17, 35.4%), pineal (n = 13, 27.1%), thalamus/basal ganglia (n = 5, 10.4%), other (n = 12, 25%), and one bifocal. Four (8.3%) had metastatic disease, and six had positive CSF; staging data were incomplete in 25 patients (52%). Patients were treated with varied chemotherapy and radiotherapy modalities. Nine patients had incomplete data regarding treatment. Five-year OS was 65% (68% for germinoma, 50.6% for NGGCT, and 85.7% for unclassified GCT). Conclusions: Germinoma was the most common histology, and there was a male predominance. More than half of patients had incomplete staging data and treatment was variable across the region. OS is lower compared to HIC. Standardized treatment protocols will aid in adequate staging and treatment planning, prevent complications, and improve survival.

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Severe tooth wear is related to substantial loss of tooth structure, with dentin exposure and significant loss (≥1/3) of the clinical crown. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize and analyze the scientific evidence regarding the mechanical performance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resin and CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic occlusal veneers, in terms of fatigue and fracture resistance, on severely worn posterior teeth. Currently, occlusal veneers are an alternative for treating worn posterior teeth. Although scientific evidence demonstrates the good performance of lithium disilicate occlusal veneers, there are less brittle materials with a modulus of elasticity more similar to dentin than ceramics, such as resin CAD/CAM blocks. Therefore, it is important to identify which type of material is best for restoring teeth with occlusal wear defects and which material can provide better clinical performance. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, OpenGrey, Redalyc, DSpace, and Grey Literature Report databases was conducted and supplemented by a manual search, with no time or language limitations, until January 2022. We aimed to identify studies evaluating the fatigue and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM composite resin and ceramic occlusal veneers. The quality of the full-text articles was evaluated according to the modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria for in vitro studies, and 400 articles were initially identified. After removing duplicates and applying the selection criteria, 6 studies were included in the review. The results demonstrated that the mechanical performance of CAD/CAM composite resin occlusal veneers is comparable to that of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate occlusal veneers in terms of fatigue and fracture resistance.

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Background/Objectives: Positive margins are associated with locoregional recurrence in early laryngeal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of specimen-driven (ex vivo) positive margins on patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer whose tumor bed (defect-driven) margins had been negative. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 60 consecutive T1b/T2 glottic cancer patients who underwent open frontolateral laryngectomy. The intraoperative margins were obtained from the tumor bed. Their recurrence and disease-free survival were evaluated. In all cases, negative margins were obtained from the surgical bed. The impact of positive margins from the specimen was evaluated in a paraffin study. Results: Among 10 patients with positive margins in the specimen, six experienced local relapse, and among 50 patients with negative margins in the specimen, three developed recurrence. The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 37.5% and 93.9%, respectively (p < 0.001; log-rank). Even with negative margins in the surgical bed, patients with positive margins in the specimen at the final histopathological examination had a 3.5-fold higher chance of developing local recurrence than those with negative margins (HR = 13.993; 95% CI: 3.479-56.281; p < 0.001; univariate Cox regression). Conclusions: Specimen-driven positive margins represent a significant risk factor for local recurrence, even under negative margins at the tumor bed.

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Agriculture has gained increasing importance in response to the continuous growth of the world population and constant need for food. To avoid production losses, farmers commonly use pesticides. Mancozeb is a fungicide used in agriculture as this compound is effective in combating fungi that harm crops. However, this fungicide may also produce damage to non-target organisms present in soil and water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to mancozeb on survival rate, locomotor activity, behavior, and oxidative status utilizing adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of this pesticide. The experimental groups were negative control, positive control, and mancozeb (0.3; 1.02; 3.47; 11.8 or 40 µg/L). Zebrafish were exposed to the respective treatments for 96 hr. Exposure to mancozeb did not markedly alter survival rate and oxidative status of Danio rerio. At a concentration of 11.8 µg/L, the fungicide initiated changes in locomotor pattern of the animals. The results obtained suggest that the presence of mancozeb in the environment might produce locomotor alterations in adult zebrafish, which subsequently disrupt the animals' innate defense mechanisms. In nature, this effect attributed to mancozeb on non-target organisms might result in adverse population impacts and ecological imbalance.

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Objective: This study aims to analyze the survival time of molar tooth according to furcation involvement (FI) classification among periodontally treated patients under a supportive periodontal care program. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was con-ducted among 77 periodontitis patients with 240 molars who had undergone periodontal therapy that were followed up with supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for at least five years. Periodontitis patients' data were retrieved from the periodontic clinical record. The clinical parameters of all involved molars and treatment modality were recorded at baseline and SPT. Results: A total of 69 (28.8%) molars were extracted during active periodontal therapy, while 17 (7.1%) were lost during SPT. The 5-year survival rate of molars was 83.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-88.4) for FI=0 (n=141), 81.0% (95% CI, 56.9-92.4) for FI=I (n=18), 50.0% (95% CI, 33.8-64.2) for FI=II (n=21), and 25.0% (95% CI, 6.9-48.8) for FI=III (n=4). Additionally, the 10-year survival rate for molars with FI = III was 12.5% (95% CI, 1.0-39.2), which was lower than that of molars with FI = 0 (77.1%; 95% CI, 69.7-83.0). Conclusions: The presence of a high degree of FI classifica-tion, especially Class III, is associated with a lower survival rate of molars among periodontally treated patients. Retention of molars is possible on a long-term basis through a maintenance program of periodontal therapy.

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el tiempo de supervivencia de los molares según la clasificación de implicación de la furcación (IF) entre pacientes tratados periodontalmente bajo un programa de cuidado periodontal de apoyo. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo entre 77 pacientes con periodontitis con 240 molares que habían sido sometidos a terapia periodontal y fueron seguidos con terapia periodontal de soporte (TPS) durante al menos cinco años. Los datos de los pacientes con periodontitis se recuperaron de la Historia Clínica de Periodoncia. Los parámetros clínicos de todos los molares involucrados y la modalidad de tratamiento se registraron al inicio y en el TPS. Resultado: Se extrajeron un total de 69 (28,8%) molares durante la terapia periodontal activa, mientras que 17 (7,1%) se perdieron durante la TPS. La tasa de supervivencia de los molares a 5 años fue del 83,5% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 76,9-88,4) para FI=0 (n=141), del 81,0% (IC del 95%, 56,9-92,4) para FI=I ( n=18), 50,0% (IC 95%, 33,8-64,2) para FI=II (n=21) y 25,0% (IC 95%, 6,9-48,8) para FI=III (n=4). Además, la tasa de supervivencia a 10 años para los molares con FI = III fue del 12,5 % (IC del 95 %, 1,0-39,2), que fue inferior a la de los molares con FI = 0 (77,1 %; IC del 95 %, 69,7-83,0). Conclusión: La presencia de un alto grado de clasificación FI, especialmente Clase III, se asocia con una menor tasa de supervivencia de los molares entre los pacientes tratados periodontalmente. La retención de los molares es posible a largo plazo mediante un programa de mantenimiento de terapia periodontal.

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Introduction: Patients with septic shock face an elevated risk of mortality compared to those with sepsis. Several biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, and lactate/albumin (L/A), have been associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. This study aims to assess the relationship between sepsis, septic shock, and mortality, as well as the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients. Demographic, sepsis severity factors, and biomarkers are examined. Methods: A retrospective case series from June 2020 to March 2021 included 490 patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Time-to-event analyses were conducted for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ .0038. Serum lactate, albumin, lactate/albumin ratio, C-reactive protein, platelet levels, and three sepsis severity scales, (CCI, SOFA, APACHE IV) were assessed. Results: Sepsis was identified in 352 patients (71.8%), while 138 had septic shock. Patients with septic shock were more likely to require invasive ventilator support. Factors associated with a higher risk of intubation included higher APACHE IV scores, elevated serum albumin levels, and increased L/A ratio. L/A ratio and serum lactate levels demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy for mechanical ventilation (AUC, 0.964 and 0.946, respectively), mortality (AUC, 0.926 and 0.887, respectively). Discussion: Increased C-reactive protein, combined with increased serum lactate and a high lactate/albumin ratio, may assist clinicians in identifying COVID-19 patients at risk of mechanical ventilation and mortality upon admission. Optimal cut-off values for lactate (1.45-1.65 mmol/L) and L/A ratio (0.413) can aid in prioritizing medical care for at risk COVID-19 patients.

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Purpose: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the survival rate of implants installed in bone type IV (Lekholm and Zarb, 1995) compared to that of implants installed in bone types I, II, and III. Material and methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) and was registered in the PROSPERO International Database of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021229775). The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched through July 2021. The PICO question was: "Dental implants installed in type IV bone have a lower success rate when compared to implants installed in type I bone, II and III?". The established inclusion criteria were: 1) controlled and randomized clinical trials (RCT), 2) prospective and retrospective studies with at least 10 participants with dental implants, and 3) patients with dental implants installed in bone tissue types I, II, III, and IV (Lekholm and Zarb, 1985). The minimum followup duration was 1 year. Results: After searching the identified databases, 117 articles were selected for full reading and 68 were excluded. Thus, 49 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The total number of participants included was 12,056, with a mean age of 41.56 years and 29,905 implants installed. Bone types I, II, and III exhibit a lower implant failure rate when compared to bone type IV. Conclusion: Dental implants installed in bone types I, II, and III showed significantly higher survival rates than those installed in type IV. The bone type I success rate was not significantly different than that of type II; however, the success rate of bone type I and II was higher than that of type III.

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Reversible electroporation is a suitable technique to aid the internalization of medicaments in cancer tissues without inducing permanent cellular damage, allowing the enhancement of cytotoxic effects without incurring in electric-driven necrotic or apoptotic processes by the presence of non-reversible aqueous pores. An adequate selection of electroporation parameters acquires relevance to reach these goals and avoid opposite effects. This work applies the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) for drug transport simulations in electroporated cancer tissues, using a continuum tumor cord approach and considering both electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction effects. The MFS algorithm is validated with published results, obtaining satisfactory accuracy and convergence. Then, MFS simulations are executed to study the influence of electric field magnitude [Formula: see text], number of electroporation treatments [Formula: see text], and electroporation time [Formula: see text] on three assessment parameters of electrochemotherapy: the internationalization efficacy accounting for the ability of the therapy to introduce moles into viable cells, cell-kill capacity indicating the faculty to reduce the survival fraction of cancer cells, and distribution uniformity specifying the competence to supply drug homogeneously through the whole tissue domain. According to numerical results, when [Formula: see text] is the reversibility threshold, a positive influence on the first two parameters is only possible once specific values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have been exceeded; when [Formula: see text] is just the irreversibility threshold, any combination of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is beneficial. On the other hand, the drug distribution uniformity is always adversely affected by the application of electric pulses, being this more noticeable as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] increases.

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Body composition and phase angle (PhA) have been used to predict mortality in multiple diseases. However, little has been studied regarding segmental measurements, which could potentially help assess subtle changes in specific tissue segments. This study aimed to identify the total PhA cut-off point associated with mortality risk and changes in body composition within a week of hospitalisation in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19. A cohort study was conducted where patients underwent to a complete nutritional assessment upon admission and after seven days, and followed up until hospital discharge or death. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the PhA cut-off point, and the Kaplan­Meier estimator was used to determine survival analysis. Segmental and complete body compositions on admission and after 7 d were compared. We included 110 patients (60 men) with a mean age of 50·5 ± 15·0 years and a median BMI of 28·5 (IQR, 25·6­33·5) kg/m2. The median length of hospital stay was 6 (IQR, 4­9) d, and the mortality rate was 13·6 %. The PhA cut-off point obtained was 4°, with significant differences in the survival rate (P < 0·001) and mortality (HR = 5·81, 95 % CI: 1·80, 18·67, P = 0·003). Segmental and whole-body compositions were negatively affected within one week of hospitalisation, with changes in the approach by the graphical method in both sexes. Nutritional status deteriorates within a week of hospitalisation. PhA < 4° is strongly associated with increased mortality in non-critical hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

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Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis ​​por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

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Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

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Abstract This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms and the objective was to compare the survival of resin modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) restorations in primary teeth using rubber dam or cotton roll isolation after a 30-month follow-up period. Ninety-two children (mean age 6.8 ± 1.37) and 200 primary molars with occlusal or occluso-proximal cavitated dentin caries lesions were randomly assigned into two groups: cotton rolls and rubber dam. All lesions were restored using RMGIC (RIVA Light Cure) after selective caries removal. Restorative failure and lesion arrestment were evaluated by two independent, trained, and calibrated examiners through clinical and radiographic examinations. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to assess the survival of restorations and Cox regression was used to assess the association of risk factors with restorative failure. There was no significant difference in survival rates between groups (p = 0.17). Older age (HR = 2.81 [95%CI: 1.47-5.44]) and higher rate of gingival bleeding (HR = 0.47 [95%CI: 0.23-0.99]) were associated with restorative failure. No patient had painful symptoms, pulp outcomes, or radiographic changes compatible with lesion progression. The use of rubber dam isolation did not increase the survival rate of occlusal and occluso-proximal restorations using RMGIC in primary molars after 30 months of follow-up. Since the survival is not influenced by the type of isolation, the professional can safely choose the appropriate technique for each case, considering his experience and preferences, as well as those of the patient.

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Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a sobrevida de cinco anos em pacientes com câncer de laringe tratados no Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil e regiões entre janeiro de 2002 e junho de 2010. São escassas as informações relativas à magnitude e sobrevida do câncer de laringe no país, o que dificulta a adoção de estratégias específicas para seu controle. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectiva a partir da Base Nacional em Oncologia. Estimou-se a probabilidade de sobrevida para o câncer de laringe segundo faixa etária, sexo e regiões/estados brasileiros por meio do método de Kaplan-Meier. O teste de log-rank foi aplicado para avaliar as diferenças na sobrevida, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. A sobrevida no Brasil foi estimada em 50,8% (IC95%: 49,9-51,8), sendo menor em pacientes do sexo masculino (49,1%; IC95%: 48,10-50,16); com idade entre 50 e 60 anos (48,4%; IC95%: 46,7-50,0); e para moradores da região Norte (45,5%; IC95%: 39,5-51,3). A variação na sobrevida para o câncer de laringe em relação aos estados e às regiões do país aponta disparidades que podem estar relacionadas à desigualdade de acesso ao diagnóstico e/ou tratamento.

Abstract The scope of this article was to analyze the five-year survival rate among patients with laryngeal cancer treated in the Unified Health System in Brazil and its regions between January 2002 and June 2010. There is still scarce information in Brazil regarding the scale and survival rate of laryngeal cancer patients, which makes it difficult to adopt specific strategies for the control of the condition in the country. A retrospective cohort study based on the National Oncology Database was conducted, and the survival probability rate for laryngeal cancer according to age, sex and Brazilian regions/states was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to assess the differences observed, considering a 5% significance level. Survival in Brazil was estimated at 50.8% (95%CI: 49.9%-51.8%), being lower among male patients (49.1%; 95%CI: 48.10%-50.16%); between 50 and 60 years of age (48.4%; 95%CI: 46.7%-50.0%); for residents of the Northern region (45.5%; 95%CI: 39.5%-51.3%). The regional variation in the survival rate for laryngeal cancer in Brazil reveals disparities between Brazilian regions/states that may be linked to inequality of access to diagnosis and/or treatment.

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In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) is increasingly being adopted in developing nations due to its cost-effectiveness and advantages as a home-based treatment. However, the survival outcomes of chronic PD patients in Mexico, where the burden of ESKD is high, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the survival experience of long-term PD patients and evaluate its determinants. A single-center cohort study collected clinical and epidemiological data for long-term PD initiations between February 2013 and January 2023. The analysis, which utilized Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression methods, included data from 370 patients. The overall mortality rate was 4.7 per 1000 person-months, with a significant decrease in survival rates observed between months 24 and 36 post-PD initiation. Older age at PD initiation and the use of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, as compared to the automated modality, were associated with an increased risk of mortality. The study provides valuable insights into the survival outcomes of chronic PD patients in Mexico and suggests the need to optimize treatment strategies to enhance long-term prognoses for patients with ESKD. Further research is needed to better understand the factors influencing survival in this population.

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BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma (AM), the benign counterpart of ameloblastic carcinoma, is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, naturally aggressive, with unlimited growth potential and a high tendency to relapse if not adequately removed. Patients with AM treated surgically can benefit from dental implant therapy, promoting oral rehabilitation and improving their quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the survival rate of dental implants placed after surgical treatment of patients affected by AM. In addition, there were two secondary objectives: 1) To evaluate which dental implant loading protocols are most frequently used and 2) To determine the type of prosthetic restoration most commonly used in these patients. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the study. Searches were performed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar) until November 2023. Additionally, the electronic search was enriched by an iterative hand search of journals related to oral pathology and medicine, maxillofacial surgery, and oral prosthodontics and implantology. Only reports and case series in English from January 2003 to date were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool (JBI-Case Reports/Case Series) was used for the study quality assessment. RESULTS: The total number of patients and implants studied were 64 and 271, respectively, all with surgically treated AM. The patient's ages ranged from 8 to 79 years, with a mean (SD) age of 37.3 ± 16.4. Fifty-three percent were male and 47% were female. The range of follow-up duration was 1 to 22 years. An implant survival/success rate of 98.1% was reported. In addition, most of them were conventionally loaded (38.3%). Hybrid implant-supported fixed dentures were the most commonly used by prosthodontists (53%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants inserted in free flaps for orofacial reconstruction in surgically treated patients with AM can be considered a safe and successful treatment modality.

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Background: Recent data suggest that breast-conserving surgery (BCS) may positively impact overall survival (OS) in early breast cancer. However, the role of BCS in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) remains uncertain. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 530 LABC patients who underwent surgery after NAT between 2010 and 2015. Outcomes examined included OS, distant recurrence rates (DRR), and loco-regional recurrence rates (LRRs). Results: Among the 927 breast cancer patients who received NAT, 530 were eligible for our study. Of these, 24.6% underwent BCS, while 75.4% underwent mastectomy (MS). The median follow-up duration was 79 months. BCS patients exhibited a higher pathological complete response (PCR) rate compared to those who underwent MS (22.3% vs. 10%, p < 0.001). The 6-year OS rates for BCS and MS were 81.5% and 62%, respectively (p < 0.000). In multivariate OS analysis, MS was associated with worse outcomes (OR 1.678; 95% CI 1.069-2.635; p = 0.024), as was body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.031; 95% CI 1.006-1.058; p = 0.017), and stage IIIB or IIIC (OR 2.450; 95% CI 1.561-3.846; p < 0.000). Conversely, PCR (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.220-0.801; p = 0.008) was associated with improved survival. DRR was significantly lower in BCS (15.4%) compared to MS (36.8%) (OR 0.298; 95% CI 0.177-0.504). LRRs were comparable between BCS (9.2%) and MS (9.5%) (OR 0.693; 95% CI 0.347-1.383). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BCS is oncologically safe, even for patients with large lesions, and is associated with superior OS rates compared to MS. Additionally, lower BMI, lower pretreatment stage, and achieving PCR were associated with improved survival outcomes.

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In May 2023, the global health emergency status of COVID-19 concluded, marking the onset of an endemic era. This study assessed survival rates among PCR-confirmed adult inpatients during this phase and determined contributing factors. Employing a survival analysis approach, this investigation utilized a nationwide Mexican cohort encompassing 152 adult inpatients. Survival rates were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a proportional Cox model identified mortality risk factors. Survival rates remained above 65% on day 14 after admission. Vaccination status, including the number of doses administered, was not significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Chronic kidney disease or a history of immunosuppression (due to any cause) increased mortality risk. Our findings underscore the persistent severity of COVID-19 beyond the global health emergency, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions for vulnerable patients.

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OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the pCR rate in patients receiving NAC for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) in a multicenter cohort in Brazil. Additionally, we aimed to use RWD to assess the impact of pCR on OS and DFS. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study that included female patients over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer and received NAC. OS and DFS at five years were estimated by the Kaplan‒Meier method. Additionally, we conducted a multivariate analysis to identify factors that were significantly associated with pCR and OS. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2020, 1891 patients were included in the study, and 421 (22,3%) achieved pCR (ypT0 ypN0). Considering the presence of residual DCIS, pCR was achieved in 467 patients (23,5%). The pCR rate varied between the subtypes: HER-2+ (p = 0,016) and clinical stage IIIA and IIIB (p < 0,001). Among HER-2+ patients, those who received trastuzumab had a significantly higher pCR rate than those who did not receive trastuzumab (p < 0.0001). Similarly, patients with TNBC who received treatment with platinum-based regimens also showed higher pCR rates (p < 0.0001). OS was grouped according to pCR status, and the OS rate was 88,3% in the pCR group and 58.1% in the non-pCR group (p < 0.0001). The five-year DFS was 92.2% in the pCR group and 64.3% in the non-pCR group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The pCR rate and its prognostic value varied across BC subtypes. In our study, pCR could be used as a surrogate of favorable clinical outcome, as it was associated with higher OS and DFS rates.

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Electroporation has emerged as a suitable technique to induce the pore formation in the cell membrane of cancer tissues, facilitating the cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic drugs. An adequate selection of the electric pulse characteristics is crucial to guarantee the efficiency of this technique, minimizing the adverse effects. In the present work, the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DR-BEM) is applied for the simulation of drug transport in the extracellular and intracellular space of cancer tissues subjected to the application of controlled electric pulses, using a continuum tumour cord approach, and considering both the electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction phenomena. The developed DR-BEM algorithm is validated with numerical and experimental results previously published, obtaining a satisfactory accuracy and convergence. Using the DR-BEM code, a study about the influence of the magnitude of electric field (E) and pulse spacing (dpulses) on the time behavior and spatial distribution of the internalized drug, as well as on the cell survival fraction, is carried out. In general, the change of drug concentration, drug exposure and cell survival fraction with the parameters E and dpulses is ruled by two important factors: the balance between the electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction phenomena, and the relative importance of the sources of cell death (electric pulses and drug cytotoxicity); these two factors, in turn, significantly depend on the reversible and irreversible thresholds considered for the electric field.

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Sepsis is a host's dysregulated immune response to an infection associated with systemic inflammation and excessive oxidative stress, which can cause multiple organ failure and death. The literature suggests that flavonoids, a broad class of secondary plant metabolites, have numerous biological activities which can be valuable in the treatment of sepsis. This study aimed to review the effects of flavonoids on experimental sepsis, focusing mainly on survival rate, and also summarizing information on its mechanisms of action. We searched in the main databases up to November 2022 using relevant keywords, and data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Thirty-two articles met the study criteria for review and 29 for meta-analysis. Overall, 30 different flavonoids were used in the studies. The flavonoids were able to strongly inhibit inflammatory response by reducing the levels of important pro-inflammatory mediators, for example, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1ß, oxidative stress, and showed antibacterial and anti-apoptotic actions. The meta-analysis found an increase of 50% in survival rate of the animals treated with flavonoids. They appear to act as multi-target drugs and may be an excellent therapeutic alternative to reduce a number of the complications caused by sepsis, and consequently, to improve survival rate.

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