RESUMO
The chaos during the Great Wars provided the impetus for the genesis of modern plastic surgery. Collectively, the World Wars caused disfiguring injuries to thousands of American soldiers, which challenged their acceptance into society. The Wars, however, propelled 2 leaders in the field of plastic surgery-Vilray P. Blair and James Barrett Brown. These two American pioneers used their surgical acumen and artistic skills to heal the wounds of the soldiers. During World War I, the wounds of injured soldiers were often poorly managed by inadequately trained surgeons and dentists. Upon return to the United States, these soldiers underwent specialized treatment under Blair's supervision. During World War II, James Barrett Brown, a disciple of Blair, was appointed as a consultant in the war. He spearheaded the establishment of several plastic surgery centers in Europe. Upon his return from the War, he led the plastic surgery service at Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, PA, where thousands of soldiers were sent after their initial operations in the war zones. Care of war wounds served as an impetus for the development of new techniques in reconstructive and plastic surgery. These techniques included a delayed transfer of long pedicled flaps and split-thickness skin grafts. Through our archival research at the Bernard Becker Medical Library at Washington University in St. Louis, we provide evidence for how reconstructive surgical approaches were advanced during the Great Wars and helped restore some form of normalcy to the lives of the injured soldiers.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria comprende los procedimientos o intervenciones mayores en los que, con anestesia general o regional y tras un tiempo variable de control y observación, el paciente regresa a su domicilio el mismo día de la intervención. Objetivo: Exponer los antecedentes históricos de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria a nivel internacional y en Cuba. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sobre los antecedentes históricos de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica en Infomed, en las bases de datos Pubmed y SciELO, así como en memorias de eventos científicos y tesis. Resultados: Aunque la cirugía ambulatoria es la forma más antigua de cirugía que se conoce, desde el pasado siglo se ha popularizado y difundido y actualmente representa hasta el 80 % de la cirugía mayor electiva. En Cuba los primeros acercamientos a esta modalidad se realizaron a finales de la década de los 70 del pasado siglo con un desarrollo ascendente. Tanto a nivel internacional como en Cuba una parte de los profesionales de la salud han comprendido la necesidad de la cooperación entre los niveles primario y secundario de atención para esta actividad. Conclusiones: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria se ha convertido en una modalidad quirúrgica imprescindible en la práctica asistencial cotidiana, que ha perdurado y se ha arraigado por las innegables ventajas que ofrece a todos los involucrados en el proceso de atención y que es perfectible sobre la base de postulados de colaboración entre los niveles de atención primario y secundario de salud.
ABSTRACT Background: Major ambulatory surgery includes procedures or major interventions in which, with general or regional anesthesia and after a variable time of monitoring and observation, the patient returns home the same day of the intervention. Objective: To expose the historical background of major ambulatory surgery internationally and in Cuba. Methodology: A review of the historical background of the major ambulatory surgery through the bibliographic searching in Infomed, Pubmed and SciELO databases, as well as in scientific event memories and theses was made. Results: Although mayor ambulatory surgery is the oldest form of surgery known, since the last century it has become popular and widespread and it currently represents up to 80 % of elective major surgery. In Cuba the first approaches to this modality were made at the end of the 70s of the last century having an upward development. Both, internationally and in Cuba, the need for cooperation between the primary and secondary health care levels for this activity has been understood by health professionals. Conclusions: Major ambulatory surgery has become an essential surgical modality in everyday health care practice, which has endured and grew up due to the undeniable advantages that it offers to all those involved in the care process and which is perfectible based on the collaborative postulates between primary and secondary health care levels.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/históriaRESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria comprende los procedimientos o intervenciones mayores en los que, con anestesia general o regional y tras un tiempo variable de control y observación, el paciente regresa a su domicilio el mismo día de la intervención. Objetivo: Exponer los antecedentes históricos de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria a nivel internacional y en Cuba. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sobre los antecedentes históricos de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica en Infomed, en las bases de datos Pubmed y SciELO, así como en memorias de eventos científicos y tesis. Resultados: Aunque la cirugía ambulatoria es la forma más antigua de cirugía que se conoce, desde el pasado siglo se ha popularizado y difundido y actualmente representa hasta el 80 % de la cirugía mayor electiva. En Cuba los primeros acercamientos a esta modalidad se realizaron a finales de la década de los 70 del pasado siglo con un desarrollo ascendente. Tanto a nivel internacional como en Cuba una parte de los profesionales de la salud han comprendido la necesidad de la cooperación entre los niveles primario y secundario de atención para esta actividad. Conclusiones: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria se ha convertido en una modalidad quirúrgica imprescindible en la práctica asistencial cotidiana, que ha perdurado y se ha arraigado por las innegables ventajas que ofrece a todos los involucrados en el proceso de atención y que es perfectible sobre la base de postulados de colaboración entre los niveles de atención primario y secundario de salud.
ABSTRACT Background: Major ambulatory surgery includes procedures or major interventions in which, with general or regional anesthesia and after a variable time of monitoring and observation, the patient returns home the same day of the intervention. Objective: To expose the historical background of major ambulatory surgery internationally and in Cuba. Methodology: A review of the historical background of the major ambulatory surgery through the bibliographic searching in Infomed, Pubmed and SciELO databases, as well as in scientific event memories and theses was made. Results: Although mayor ambulatory surgery is the oldest form of surgery known, since the last century it has become popular and widespread and it currently represents up to 80 % of elective major surgery. In Cuba the first approaches to this modality were made at the end of the 70s of the last century having an upward development. Both, internationally and in Cuba, the need for cooperation between the primary and secondary health care levels for this activity has been understood by health professionals. Conclusions: Major ambulatory surgery has become an essential surgical modality in everyday health care practice, which has endured and grew up due to the undeniable advantages that it offers to all those involved in the care process and which is perfectible based on the collaborative postulates between primary and secondary health care levels.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/históriaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The roots of science and art of plastic surgery are very antique. Anatomy, drawing, painting, and sculpting have been very important to the surgery and medicine development over the centuries. Artistic skills besides shape, volume, and lines perception can be a practical aid to the plastic surgeons' daily work. An overview about the interactions between art and plastic surgery is presented, with a few applications to rhinoplasty, cleft lip, and other reconstructive plastic surgeries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Assuntos
Arte , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/normasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify the most cited articles in general surgery published by Brazilian authors. INTRODUCTION: There are several ways for the international community to recognize the quality of a scientific article. Although controversial, the most widely used and reliable methodology to identify the importance of an article is citation analysis. METHODS: A search using the Institute for Scientific Information citation database (Science Citation Index Expanded) was performed to identify highly cited Brazilian papers published in twenty-six highly cited general surgery journals, selected based on their elevated impact factors, from 1970 to 2009. Further analysis was done on the 65 most-cited papers. RESULTS: We identified 1,713 Brazilian articles, from which nine papers emerged as classics (more than 100 citations received). For the Brazilian contributions, a total increase of about 21-fold was evident between 1970 and 2009. Although several topics were covered, articles covering trauma, oncology and organ transplantation were the most cited. The majority of classic studies were done with international cooperation. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the most influential Brazilian articles published in internationally renowned general surgery journals.