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The second Fundão Dam Rupture Science Meeting was held in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on 21 and 22 September 2022. A total of 100 delegates attended the meeting, which featured high-quality oral presentations and posters over the two days and lively discussions of the science presented. The meeting resulted in nine papers being published in this special series. In the discussion, it was commented that the first meeting had been more a meeting of competitive perspectives but that the second meeting featured a more collaborative sharing of knowledge. Also, there had been substantial improvement in ways to deal with the lack of pre-event data and account for other stressors in the system, and as a result, stronger conclusions regarding the recovery rates of the system were able to be made. Importantly, there was no evidence for a feasible "time bomb" of a future catastrophic release of contaminants, but it was agreed that different scenarios continue to be researched. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:70-73. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Ecotoxicologia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Ecotoxicologia/métodos , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodosRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar os principais critérios evidenciados pela literatura científica envolvidos na alta hospitalar segura do recém-nascido. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em dezembro de 2021 nas bases de dados Pubmed/ Medline, BVS, Scopus, Lilacs, utilizando-se os descritores "patient discharge summaries" OR "patient discharge" AND "newborn". O estudo foi fundamentado pelos procedimentos metodológicos PRISMA, foram adotados critérios de elegibilidade, critérios de inclusão: artigos disponíveis na íntegra, publicados nos últimos 5 anos, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português que versassem sobre cuidados ao recém-nascido, alta hospitalar ou alta do paciente neonatal. E de exclusão: todos os artigos que não atendiam ao objetivo da pesquisa e ou não possuíam relação com o tema em estudo. Resultados: Dos 94 artigos identificados entre 2017 e 2021 foram incluídos 12 estudos, sendo a maioria do Brasil e de abordagem qualitativa. Foram estabelecidas três categorias temáticas de análise: 1) Parâmetros biofisiológicos; 2) Comunicação e orientação aos pais: fragilidades e potencialidades da família; e 3) Cuidados pós alta e seguimento de rede. Conclusão: De acordo com a bibliografia selecionada está concluído que a alta hospitalar segura de recém-nascidos requer atenção aos aspectos fisiológicos, de comunicação com a família e intersetorial para seguimento de rede.
Objetivo: Identificar los principales criterios evidenciados por la literatura científica involucrados en el alta hospitalaria segura del recién nacido. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en diciembre de 2021 en las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline, BVS, Scopus, Lilacs, utilizando los descriptores "patient high summaries" OR "patient high" AND "newborn". El estudio se basó en los procedimientos metodológicos PRISMA, se adoptaron criterios de elegibilidad y criterios de inclusión: artículos disponibles en su totalidad, publicados en los últimos 5 años, en inglés, español y portugués que versan sobre la atención del recién nacidos, el alta hospitalaria o el alta del paciente neonatal. Se excluyeron todos los artículos que no cumplieran con el objetivo de la investigación y/o no tuvieran relación con el tema en estudio. Resultados: De los 94 artículos identificados entre 2017 y 2021, se incluyeron 12 estudios, la mayoría de Brasil y con abordaje cualitativo. Se establecieron tres categorías temáticas de análisis: 1) Parámetros biofisiológicos 2) Comunicación y orientación a los padres: fragilidades y potencialidades de la familia y 3) Atención posterior al alta y seguimiento en red. Conclusión: Según a la bibliografía seleccionada, se concluye que el alta hospitalaria segura de los recién nacidos requiere atención a aspectos fisiológicos, de comunicación con la familia e intersectoriales para el seguimiento en red.
Objective: To identify the main criteria evidenced by the literature published on newborns' hospital discharge. Method: This is an integrative literature review, carried out in December 2021 in the PubMed/Medline, BVS, Scopus and LILACS databases, using the "patient discharge summaries" OR "patient discharge" AND "newborn" descriptors. The study was based on PRISMA methodological procedures, eligibility criteria were adopted, and the inclusion criteria were as follows: articles available in full, published in the last 5 years in English, Spanish and Portuguese and dealing with newborn care, hospital discharge or neonatal patient discharge. All articles that did not meet the research objective and/or were not related to the topic under study were excluded. Results: Of the 94 articles identified between 2017 and 2021, 12 studies were included, most from Brazil and with a qualitative approach. Three thematic analysis categories were established: 1) Biophysiological parameters; 2) Communication and guidelines for parents: weaknesses and strengths of the family; and 3) Post-discharge care: network follow-up. Conclusion: According to the selected bibliography, it is concluded that newborns' safe hospital discharge requires attention to the physiological, communication with the family and intersectoral aspects for network follow-up.
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BACKGROUND: Almost at the end of 2022, the world is experiencing a relative calm after the rigors imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowing the ideas, feelings and procedures used by people in this type of unexpected events, which exceeded all established standards of educational and health actions, can help us be prepared for the possible occurrence of similar events. This study aims to determine the main alternative conceptions that pre-service teachers hold about the pandemic and the post-pandemic within the framework of the four basic pillars of Education. METHODS: A case study was conducted using an ethnographic approach. The unit of analysis was made up of 227 students from the major of Primary Education at Universidad Técnica del Norte. Two research instruments were used to collect the data: a test for verbal associations where participants can express themselves freely with hierarchical, substitution and connotative evocations; and Specialized Analytical Summary sheets to revise and organize specialized scientific texts. The data was analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. RESULTS: At first glance, what was expressed in the two contexts, both in the pandemic and in the post-pandemic, show a similar structure; however, a deeper analysis reveals different perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: In the end, the alternative conceptions moved from expressing fear to tranquility.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Equador/epidemiologia , EstudantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of high protein intake and early exercise versus standard nutrition care and routine physiotherapy on the outcome of critically ill patients. METHODS: We randomized mechanically ventilated patients expected to stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for 4 days. We used indirect calorimetry to determine energy expenditure and guide caloric provision to the patients randomized to the high protein and early exercise (HPE) group and the control group. Protein intakes were 1.48 g/kg/day and 1.19 g/kg/day medians respectively; while the former was submitted to two daily sessions of cycle ergometry exercise, the latter received routine physiotherapy. We evaluated the primary outcome physical component summary (PCS) score at 3 and 6 months) and the secondary outcomes (handgrip strength at ICU discharge and ICU and hospital mortality). RESULTS: We analyzed 181 patients in the HPE (87) and control (94) group. There was no significant difference between groups in relation to calories received. However, the amount of protein received by the HPE group was significantly higher than that received by the control group (p < 0.0001). The PCS score was significantly higher in the HPE group at 3 months (p = 0.01) and 6 months (p = 0.01). The mortality was expressively higher in the control group. We found an independent association between age and 3-month PCS and that between age and group and 6-month PCS. CONCLUSION: This study showed that a high-protein intake and resistance exercise improved the physical quality of life and survival of critically ill patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Research Ethics Committee of Hospital São Domingos: Approval number 1.487.683, April 09, 2018. The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03469882 , March 19,2018).
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Dieta Rica em Proteínas , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Respiração Artificial , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Feminino , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) allows the use of freely accessible summary association results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to estimate causal effects of modifiable exposures on outcomes. Some GWAS adjust for heritable covariables in an attempt to estimate direct effects of genetic variants on the trait of interest. One, both or neither of the exposure GWAS and outcome GWAS may have been adjusted for covariables. METHODS: We performed a simulation study comprising different scenarios that could motivate covariable adjustment in a GWAS and analysed real data to assess the influence of using covariable-adjusted summary association results in two-sample MR. RESULTS: In the absence of residual confounding between exposure and covariable, between exposure and outcome, and between covariable and outcome, using covariable-adjusted summary associations for two-sample MR eliminated bias due to horizontal pleiotropy. However, covariable adjustment led to bias in the presence of residual confounding (especially between the covariable and the outcome), even in the absence of horizontal pleiotropy (when the genetic variants would be valid instruments without covariable adjustment). In an analysis using real data from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium and UK Biobank, the causal effect estimate of waist circumference on blood pressure changed direction upon adjustment of waist circumference for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that using covariable-adjusted summary associations in MR should generally be avoided. When that is not possible, careful consideration of the causal relationships underlying the data (including potentially unmeasured confounders) is required to direct sensitivity analyses and interpret results with appropriate caution.
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Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Viés , Índice de Massa Corporal , Causalidade , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
RESUMEN: Las revisiones sistemáticas corresponden al máximo nivel de evidencia y son la principal herramienta para resolver incertidumbres clínicas(1). Sin embargo, dado sus características, presentan desventajas para su aplicación rápida y sencilla(2). Dado lo anterior es que se han creado nuevos formatos dentro de los que se incluyen los resúmenes estructurados de revisiones sistemáticas, dentro de los que se incluyen los Friendly Summary Of The Body Of Evidence (FRISBEE) (4). El proceso de elaboración de un FRISBEE comienza, como toda búsqueda de evidencia, con el planteamiento de una pregunta clínica estructurada y específica con la cual se desarrollará una búsqueda en la base de datos Epistemonikos que arrojará todas las revisiones sistemáticas atingentes. De ellas, se deben seleccionar las que respondan la pregunta clínica planteada y, a partir de ellas, se analizarán los estudios primarios de manera tal que se pueda obtener un resultado global de la evidencia, el grado de certeza de la misma, una conclusión y mensajes claves al respecto. El resultado final es un resumen de la evidencia en relación a una pregunta determinada que contempla la información contenida en todas las revisiones sistemáticas publicadas. Su utilidad e importancia está determinada debido a que facilitan la aplicabilidad clínica de la evidencia disminuyendo la complejidad de lectura e incorporando aspectos prácticos tanto para el clínico como el paciente.
ABSTRACT: Systematic reviews are the highest level of evidence and the main tool for resolving clinical uncertainties(1). However, due to their characteristics, their quick and easy application(2) presents disadvantages. That is why new formats have been created, comprising the structured summaries of systematic reviews, including the Friendly Summary Of The Body Of Evidence (FRISBEE) (4). The process of elaboration of a FRISBEE begins, like any search of evidence, with the approach of a structured and specific clinical question and the development of a search in the Epistemonikos database that will yield all the pertinent systematic reviews. Of these, those that answer the clinical question should be selected and, based on them, the primary studies will be analyzed to get a global result of the evidence, its degree of certainty, conclusions and key messages in this regard. The final result is a summary of the evidence related to a specific question that includes the information contained in all published systematic reviews. Its usefulness and importance is determined because it facilitates the clinical applicability of the evidence, decreasing the reading complexity and incorporating practical aspects for both the clinician and the patient.
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Humanos , Resumos , Odontologia Baseada em Evidências , Revisão SistemáticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to develop a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summary of findings (SoF) table format that displays the critical information from a network meta-analysis (NMA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We applied a user experience model for data analysis based on four rounds of semistructured interviews. RESULTS: We interviewed 32 stakeholders who conduct or use MA. Four rounds of interviews produced six candidate NMA-SoF tables. Users found a final NMA-SoF table that included the following components highly acceptable: (1) details of the clinical question (PICO), (2) a plot depicting network geometry, (3) relative and absolute effect estimates, (4) certainty of evidence, (5) ranking of treatments, and (6) interpretation of findings. CONCLUSION: Using stakeholder feedback, we developed a new GRADE NMA-SoF table that includes the relevant components that facilitate understanding NMA findings and health decision-making.
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Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Metanálise em Rede , Indexação e Redação de Resumos/métodos , Tomada de Decisões , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Relatório de Pesquisa/normasRESUMO
This document looks at health trends and statistics in Jamaica. This issue focuses on data collected in the October to December 2016 quarter along with annual comparisons. Data, utilization of the health services and complaints to the Ministry are included.
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Coleta de Dados , Instituições de Saúde, Recursos Humanos e Serviços , Epidemiologia , CristalúriaAssuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Humanos , México , Ciências da Nutrição , Prevenção PrimáriaRESUMO
Este artigo aborda a história de um jovem morador de um bairro periférico de São Paulo sumariamente executado no contexto dos Crimes de Maio ocorridos em 2006. Utiliza-se do arcabouço conceitual da vulnerabilidade como forma de compreender os diferentes elementos envolvidos na sua vitimização. Esse conceito proporciona uma perspectiva ampla e dinâmica que considera a suscetibilidade a um determinado evento enquanto dependente não só de aspectos individuais, mas também relacionais e contextuais, evitando efeitos estigmatizantes. A análise desenvolvida enfatiza a incerteza social juvenil e a situação de liminaridade em relação ao mundo do crime; os processos de violência policial que recaem sobre determinadas parcelas da população, bem como a situação de impunidade. Tais elementos ocupam hoje uma posição central na conformação da vulnerabilidade de jovens à violência letal, o que torna necessária sua problematização para o desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção, inclusive no setor da saúde...
This article discusses the life story of a young resident of a suburb of Sao Paulo executed in the context of Crimes of May which occurred in 2006. We used the conceptual framework of vulnerability in order to understand the different elements involved in his victimization. This concept provides a broad and dynamic perspective that considers the susceptibility of potentially threatening events as dependent not only on individual aspects, but also on relationa processes and contextual elements, avoiding stigmatizing effects. The analysis emphasizes the uncertainty and the situation of social limiarity of the young population with the world of crime; cases of police violence directed at particular groups of people, and the situation of impunity. These elements occupy a central role in youth vulnerability to lethal violence, making it necessary to consider all the above mentioned elements for the development of preventive actions, inclusive in the health sector...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto Jovem , Condições Sociais , Homicídio , Polícia , Violência , Vítimas de Crime , Áreas de Pobreza , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
La miastenia gravis (MG) es una enfermedad neuromuscularautoinmuney crónica caracterizada por grados variables de debilidad de los músculos esqueléticos del cuerpo. La denominación proviene del latín y el griego, y significa literalmente «debilidad muscular grave¼. Debuta con un cuadro insidioso caracterizado por ptosis palpebral bilateral y disminución de fuerza muscular, que rápidamente se recuperan con el descanso pero que reaparece al reiniciar el ejercicio. Suele iniciarse en los músculos peri oculares. En pocas ocasiones el inicio es agudo.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles of the body. The name comes from Latin and Greek, and literally means "grave muscle weakness. " Insidious debut with a picture characterize by bilateral ptosis and decreased muscle strength, which quickly recover with rest but comes back when you restart the exercise. It usually begins in the periocular muscles. Rarely, onset is acute.
Assuntos
Miastenia GravisRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar un método de evaluación automática de resúmenes realizados a partir de textos de tipo narrativo y expositivo en español. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se correlaciona la evaluación realizada por tres docentes a 373 resúmenes con los resultados entregados por el análisis semántico latente. Los puntajes asignados por el análisis semántico latente se obtienen utilizando tres métodos 1) Comparación de los resúmenes con el texto fuente, 2) Comparación de los resúmenes con un resumen consensuado 3) Comparación de los resúmenes con tres resúmenes construidos por tres evaluadores. Entre los resultados más relevantes se destacan: a) una alta correlación entre la evaluación realizada por los evaluadores ( 0,63); b) una alta correlación entre los métodos computacionales utilizados ( 0,62) y c) una correlación promedio positiva media-alta entre las evaluaciones realizadas por los docentes y el análisis semántico latente en el segundo y tercer método ( 0,53 en ambos casos y tipos de textos). Ambos métodos presentaron mayor correlación promedio con los evaluadores cuando los textos evaluados eran predominantemente narrativos ( 0,59 y 0,45 respectivamente).
The objective of this study is to identify a method for the automatic evaluation of the summaries developed from narrative and expository Spanish texts. In order to fulfill this task evaluation of 373 summaries carried out by three teachers is correlated with the results delivered by latent semantic analysis. Scores assigned by the latent semanticanalysis are obtained through three methods: 1) Comparison of the summaries with the source text, 2) Comparison of the summaries with a consensuated one, 3) Comparison of the summaries with three summaries developed by three evaluators. The mostrelevant results include: a) a high correlation between assessments by the evaluators (:0.63), b) a high correlation between the computational methods used (:0.62) and c) a positive medium-high average correlation between assessments undertaken bythe teachers and the latent semantic analysis in the second and third method (;0.53 in both cases and types of texts). Both methods presented greater average correlation with testers when the texts evaluated were predominantly narratives (;0.59 and 0.45 respectively).
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Narração , Processamento de Texto , Psicologia , ResumosRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar un método de evaluación automática de resúmenes realizados a partir de textos de tipo narrativo y expositivo en español. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se correlaciona la evaluación realizada por tres docentes a 373 resúmenes con los resultados entregados por el análisis semántico latente. Los puntajes asignados por el análisis semántico latente se obtienen utilizando tres métodos 1) Comparación de los resúmenes con el texto fuente, 2) Comparación de los resúmenes con un resumen consensuado 3) Comparación de los resúmenes con tres resúmenes construidos por tres evaluadores. Entre los resultados más relevantes se destacan: a) una alta correlación entre la evaluación realizada por los evaluadores ( 0,63); b) una alta correlación entre los métodos computacionales utilizados ( 0,62) y c) una correlación promedio positiva media-alta entre las evaluaciones realizadas por los docentes y el análisis semántico latente en el segundo y tercer método ( 0,53 en ambos casos y tipos de textos). Ambos métodos presentaron mayor correlación promedio con los evaluadores cuando los textos evaluados eran predominantemente narrativos ( 0,59 y 0,45 respectivamente).(AU)
The objective of this study is to identify a method for the automatic evaluation of the summaries developed from narrative and expository Spanish texts. In order to fulfill this task evaluation of 373 summaries carried out by three teachers is correlated with the results delivered by latent semantic analysis. Scores assigned by the latent semanticanalysis are obtained through three methods: 1) Comparison of the summaries with the source text, 2) Comparison of the summaries with a consensuated one, 3) Comparison of the summaries with three summaries developed by three evaluators. The mostrelevant results include: a) a high correlation between assessments by the evaluators (:0.63), b) a high correlation between the computational methods used (:0.62) and c) a positive medium-high average correlation between assessments undertaken bythe teachers and the latent semantic analysis in the second and third method (;0.53 in both cases and types of texts). Both methods presented greater average correlation with testers when the texts evaluated were predominantly narratives (;0.59 and 0.45 respectively).(AU)
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Psicologia , Resumos , Processamento de Texto , NarraçãoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: identificar posibles diferencias en la carga integral (combinando mortalidad y morbilidad) de la diabetes entre grupos de edad, provincias y sexos; así como evaluar su comportamiento en el tiempo (años 1990 y 2003). MÉTODOS: se utilizó el indicador esperanza de vida saludable, en particular una alternativa que considera la mortalidad y morbilidad por enfermedades específicas (en este caso la diabetes). Para el cálculo del indicador se obtuvo la esperanza de vida usual (no ajustada) a partir de la tabla de vida, considerando solo la mortalidad por diabetes. La esperanza de vida así obtenida se ajustó a partir de la morbilidad (prevalencia y severidad) por esta condición. Se calculó el indicador por sexos, grupos de edades, provincias, y para 1990 y 2003. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de conglomerado con el propósito de resumir e integrar los resultados por provincias. RESULTADOS: la mayoría de los resultados son consistentes para Cuba y la casi totalidad de las provincias para ambos años. Se observó una mayor afectación del sexo femenino (ej. Cuba, 2003, grupo de menos de 1 año, esperanza de vida saludable de 99,17 en hombres vs. 98,67 en mujeres), incremento del aporte de la morbilidad con la edad que alcanza las mayores cifras en el grupo de 60 a 64 años. La evolución de 1990 a 2003 es ascendente para la esperanza de vida y el aporte de la morbilidad, y descendente para la esperanza de vida saludable (ej: Cuba, mujeres, grupo de menos de 1 año, de 99,59 a 99,76; de 0,7 a 1,09 por ciento; y 98,89 a 98,76, respectivamente). Se identificaron provincias con un mayor impacto en términos de esperanza de vida saludable, estas resultaron: Ciudad de La Habana, La Habana, Matanzas (en 1990) y Camagüey (en 2003). CONCLUSIONES: la afectación por diabetes en términos de esperanza de vida saludable se incrementó en el período de estudio en el país, a pesar de la disminución del aporte de la mortalidad(AU)
OBJECTIVE: to identify the possible differences in integral burden (combining mortality and morbidity) of diabetes among the age groups, provinces, sexes, as well as to assesses its behavior in the time (years 1990 and 2003). METHODS: authors used a healthy life expectancy indicator, particularly, an alternative considering the mortality and the morbidity as specific diseases (in this case, diabetes). To estimate the indicator we achieved a common life expectancy (no-adjusted) from a life table, considering only the diabetes mortality. The life expectancy thus obtained was adjusted from morbidity (prevalence and severity) due this condition. We estimated the indicator by sex, age groups, and provinces and also for 1990 and 2003. A cluster analysis was made to resume and to integrate the results by provinces. RESULTS: most of results are consistent for Cuba and almost as the whole of provinces for both years. There was a higher affectation of female sex (e.g.: Cuba, 2003, group aged under one, healthy life expectancy of 99,17 in men versus 98.67 in women), increase of mortality contribution with the age achieving the higher figures in 60-64 age group. The course of 1990 to 2003 is rising for life expectancy and mortality contribution and descending for a healthy life expectancy (e.g. Cuba: women aged under one from 99.59 to 99.76; from 0.7 to 1.09 percent, and from 98.89 to 98.76, respectively). We identified provinces with a higher impact in terms of healthy life expectancy including: Ciudad de La Habana, La Habana, Matanzas (in 1990) and Camaguey (in 2003). CONCLUSIONS: affectation due to diabetes in terms of a healthy life expectancy increased during national study period, despite the decrease of mortality contribution(AU)
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Humanos , Expectativa de Vida/tendências , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Indicadores de Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
The abstract is a part of scientific articles placed at the beginning of such. It guides us quickly and accurately about the information we will find in the complete manuscript. It must be written by selecting the appropriate words and sentences to achieve consistent, clear, and concise contents. We can group the abstract into two types according to their content: the descriptive abstract, which guides the reader regarding the contents of the article but requires reading the full text for further details; and the informative abstract, which condenses the study and provides accurate data about the contents of the paper. The abstract has become a fundamental part of the scientific article, especially with the explosive growth of information; an adequate and well-built abstract allows scientists and researchers to recognize the work done by its authors. Attention should be dedicated to its construction because the success of our publication depends upon the very abstract.
El resumen es un segmento del artículo científico que se ubica al inicio del mismo, y nos orienta en forma rápida y precisa sobre la información que encontraremos en el manuscrito completo. Debe ser escrito seleccionando adecuadamente las palabras y oraciones, para lograr un contenido coherente, claro y conciso. Podemos agrupar a los resúmenes en dos de acuerdo con su contenido: los descriptivos, que orientan al lector sobre el contenido del artículo y hacen necesaria una lectura del manuscrito para conocer detalles; y los informativos, que condensan el estudio pero brindan datos precisos sobre su contenido. El resumen se ha convertido en una pieza fundamental en un artículo, sobre todo con la creciente explosión de la información; además un resumen adecuado y bien construido permite que los científicos e investigadores reconozcan la labor realizada por sus autores. Debemos prestar mucha atención a su elaboración porque de él depende el éxito de nuestra publicación.
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Indexação e Redação de Resumos/métodos , Indexação e Redação de Resumos , Publicações Científicas e Técnicas , Comunicação e Divulgação CientíficaRESUMO
O estudo examinou a possibilidade de crianças aprenderem a resumir textos. Quarenta e quatro crianças de baixa renda (10 anos) foram divididas em um Grupo Experimental e um Grupo Controle. Todos os participantes realizaram um pré-teste e um pós-teste que consistia na escrita de um resumo de uma história lida. Enquanto o GC continuava com a prática usual de ensino que não envolvia atividades com resumos, as crianças do GE participaram de uma intervenção em sala de aula que enfatizava os princípios de constituição de um resumo (brevidade, clareza, fidelidade ao tema e presença das idéias principais do texto base). No pré-teste, os grupos apresentaram os mesmos tipos de dificuldades; porém, no pós-teste, as crianças do GE produziram resumos mais elaborados que as do GC, sendo as únicas a terem um desempenho melhor no pós-teste do que no pré-teste. Concluiu-se que a escrita de resumos pode ser aprendida por crianças e que a intervenção auxiliou na superação das dificuldades encontradas na produção de resumos.(AU)
This study examined the possibility that children can learn how to summarize texts. Forty-four children (10 years old) were divided into an Experimental and a Control Group. All participants were given a pre-test and a post-text in which they had to write a summary of a story. While children in the the CG went ahead with the usual teaching practice that did not include any type of activity related to summaries, children in the EG were provided with a classroom intervention that emphasized the principles of summary composition (brevity, clarity, faithfulness to the theme, and the presence of the main ideas of the textbase). No significant differences were found between groups in the pre-test. However, in the post-test children in the EG produced more elaborated summaries than those in the CG. Also only children in the EG did significantly better in the post-test than in the pre-test. The conclusion was that children can be taught how to write summaries and that the intervention helped them to overcome their difficulties regarding summary writing.(AU)
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PIP: This article asks how family relationships affect the living conditions of low-income elderly people in urban Mexico. The existence of so many elderly women living alone in the country is at odds with cultural beliefs portraying mothers as the archetypal recipients of family charity. It is evident that there is little state provision of accommodation for the elderly, forcing older people to rely on their families for care. Living with family is usually thought to be a better option for older people. Yet many poorer families cannot afford to provide care, and some are not willing to do so. In addition, families treat elderly men and women differently, with significant consequences for housing conditions and well-being of men and women in later life.^ieng
Assuntos
Idoso , Relações Familiares , Habitação , Pesquisa , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Fatores Etários , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Características da Família , Geografia , América Latina , México , América do Norte , População , Características da População , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
PIP: This article looks at action research into the interests and needs of older women in 11 urban communities in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Since 1993, Aquelarre has been working in Santo Domingo with the goal of ending child abuse and violence against women in the home, promote good health among women, and the well-being of older women. In order to achieve these goals, an action research was conducted. Individual interviews with 70 older women, focus group sessions with 120 women, and interviews with key community members were carried out to elicit information on older women's interest and needs. The research was able to identify the major concerns among women, which are health, economic issues, education and family. Practical solutions to these problems were then developed. Throughout the research, it was noted that there was a tendency for participants to focus on the needs of their loved ones, rather than their own needs and problems.^ieng
Assuntos
Idoso , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa , Mudança Social , Mulheres , Adulto , Fatores Etários , América , Região do Caribe , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , República Dominicana , Economia , América Latina , América do Norte , Política , População , Características da População , Opinião PúblicaRESUMO
PIP: This paper provides an overview on the research report entitled "An Unfulfilled Human Right: Family Planning in Guatemala," by Bonnie Scott Jones, Staff Attorney of Center for Reproductive Law and Policy. The research examines Guatemala's reproductive health care networks. It also presents the factors influencing the high rates of maternal mortality, unwanted pregnancy and extreme poverty. The information gathered from indigenous women, traditional birth attendants, nongovernmental organizations and government officials revealed an appalling lack of support from the Guatemalan government for promoting and protecting its citizens' right to family planning information and services. In addition, the research indicated the role of the Catholic Church in the country's family planning programs.^ieng