RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) is vital in the management of HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Nevertheless, the indications for NAST in tumors <2 cm remain controversial. METHOD: A total of 7961 patients were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database. Independent prognostic factors were identified using multivariate Cox analysis. Subgroup analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to simulate whether NAST would provide a survival benefit with different high-risk characteristics. Nomograms were constructed, and an internal validation cohort was employed. RESULTS: Of the 7961 included patients, 1137 (14.3%) underwent NAST. In the total population, NAST was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (OS: P = 0.00093; BCSS: P  <  0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that NAST markedly affected the prognosis of enrolled patients. Besides, a direct association between T, N, age, subtype, and prognosis was observed. Subgroup analyses yielded in these three subgroups, T1c, hormone receptor-negative, and 61-69 years of age, NAST and AST had comparable OS, while NAST possessed worse BCSS. Notably, even in the N3, we still did not observe any additional benefit of NAST. The calculated C-index of 0.72 and 0.73 confirmed the predictability of the nomograms. The AUCs exhibit consistency in the training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that NAST does not provide additional benefit to patients with T1 HER2+ breast cancer, even in the presence of lymph node metastasis, T1c, or hormone receptor negativity. This study facilitates the implementation of individualized management strategies.

Assuntos

Neoplasias da Mama , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Nomogramas , Receptor ErbB-2 , Programa de SEER , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Idoso , Prognóstico , Adulto , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Taxa de Sobrevida , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estadiamento de Neoplasias

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) exhibits remarkable heterogeneity but still remains undiagnosed in identifying the subpopulation of DLBCL to predict the prognosis and guide clinical treatment. METHODS: Molecular subgroups were identified in gene expression data from GSE10846 by a consensus clustering algorithm. And gene set enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, and the proposed cell cycle algorithm were applied to explore the biological functions of different subtypes. Meanwhile, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors of DLBCL. Finally, the prognostic model, including some key genes screened by Lasso regression, Random Forest algorithm, and point-biserial correlation, was constructed by an optimal classifier from seven machine learning algorithms and validated by another three external datasets (GSE34171, GSE87371, GSE31312). RESULTS: Comprehensive genomic analysis of 1,143 DLBCL samples identify 2 molecularly, prognostically relevant subtypes: immune-enriched (IME) and cell-cycle-enriched (CCE). Then a new predictive model including seven key genes (SERPING1, TIMP2, NME1, DCTPP1, RFC4, POLE2, and SNRPD1) was developed with high prediction accuracy (88.6%) and strong predictive power (AUC = 0.973) based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in 414 patients from GSE10846. The predictive power was similar in another three testing sets (HR > 1.400, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This model could evaluate survival independently with strong predictive power compared with other clinical risk factors. Our study constructed a reliable model to predict two new subtypes of DLBCL patients, which could guide the implementation of individualized treatment.

Assuntos

Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Humanos , Ciclo Celular/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Algoritmos , Análise por Conglomerados , Aprendizado de Máquina , Prognóstico

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and imaging features of a sellar-suprasellar pineoblastoma RB1 subgroup without pineal or retinal involvement. CASE REPORT: An 11-month-old girl presented to the emergency department with fever, rhinorrhea, vomiting, altered level of consciousness, and one seizure. Head CT and brain MRI demonstrated a large lobulated mass with calcifications and heterogeneous enhancement in the suprasellar region causing mass effect to the ventricular system and hydrocephalus. Histology revealed a CNS embryonal tumor not otherwise specified (NOS) with small round nuclei with mitotic activity and necrosis. DNA methylation analysis classified the tumor in the pineoblastoma RB1 subgroup. CONCLUSION: Pineoblastoma RB1 subgroup should be considered in the differential diagnosis of large sellar-suprasellar masses with calcifications and heterogeneous enhancement in children younger than 18 months even in cases of absent pineal or retinal involvement. Molecular analysis with DNA methylation profiling is critical for diagnosis and management.

Assuntos

Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Glândula Pineal , Pinealoma , Neoplasias da Retina , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Glândula Pineal/diagnóstico por imagem , Pinealoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Pinealoma/genética , Neoplasias da Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Retina/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a Retinoblastoma , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) requiring lower extremity revascularization (LER) have a high risk of adverse limb and cardiovascular events. The results from the VOYAGER PAD (efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in reducing the risk of major thrombotic vascular events in subjects with symptomatic peripheral artery disease undergoing peripheral revascularization procedures of the lower extremities) trial have demonstrated that rivaroxaban significantly reduced this risk with an overall favorable net benefit for patients undergoing surgical revascularization. However, the efficacy and safety for those treated by surgical bypass, including stratification by bypass conduit (venous or prosthetic), has not yet been described. METHODS: In the VOYAGER PAD trial, patients who had undergone surgical and endovascular infrainguinal LER to treat PAD were randomized to rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily or placebo on top of background antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 100 mg to be used in all and clopidogrel in some at the treating physician's discretion) and followed up for a median of 28 months. The primary end point was a composite of acute limb ischemia, major amputation of vascular etiology, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding using the TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) scale. The index procedure details, including conduit type (venous vs prosthetic), were collected at baseline. RESULTS: Among 6564 randomized patients, 2185 (33%) had undergone surgical LER. Of these 2185 patients, surgical bypass had been performed for 1448 (66%), using a prosthetic conduit for 773 patients (53%) and venous conduit for 646 patients (45%). Adjusting for the baseline differences and anatomic factors, the risk of unplanned limb revascularization in the placebo arm was 2.5-fold higher for those receiving a prosthetic conduit vs a venous conduit (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-3.90; P < .001), and the risk of acute limb ischemia was three times greater (adjusted HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.84-5.11; P < .001). The use of rivaroxaban reduced the primary outcome for the patients treated with bypass surgery (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.98), with consistent benefits for those receiving venous (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96) and prosthetic (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.66-1.15) conduits (Pinteraction = .254). In the overall trial, major bleeding using the TIMI scale was increased with rivaroxaban. However, the numbers for those treated with bypass surgery were low (five with rivaroxaban vs nine with placebo; HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.18-1.65) and not powered to show statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical bypass with a prosthetic conduit was associated with significantly higher rates of major adverse limb events relative to venous conduits even after adjustment for patient and anatomic characteristics. Adding rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily to aspirin or dual antiplatelet therapy significantly reduced this risk, with an increase in the bleeding risk, but had a favorable benefit risk for patients treated with bypass surgery, regardless of conduit type. Rivaroxaban should be considered after lower extremity bypass for symptomatic PAD to reduce ischemic complications of the heart, limb, and brain.

Assuntos

Infarto do Miocárdio , Doença Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Rivaroxabana/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

CRLF2 overexpression has been described as a biomarker of poor prognosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In the present study, we aimed to unravel the genomic profile underlying CRLF2 overexpression (CRLF2-high) by analyzing RNA-seq, WES, and SNP-array data from 264 T-ALL patients and five cell lines deposited on the TARGET initiative, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Gene Expression Omnibus. These data allowed us to delineate the genomic landscape of CRLF2-high in T-ALL, which was associated with PTEN, JAK3, PHF6, EZH2, and RUNX1 mutations. We also observed an enrichment of CRLF2-high in early T-precursor (ETP)-ALL (23.08% vs. 4.02%, P = 7.579e-06 ) and a very similar gene upregulation profile between these two entities. The inhibition of BET (iBET) proteins is a strategy previously demonstrated to reverse the gene upregulation pattern of ETP cells through restoration of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) activity. While CRLF2 expression was rescued by using this strategy in LOUCY (untreated vs. iBET P = 0.0095, DMSO vs. iBET P = 0.0286), a classical ETP-ALL cell line, PRC2 loss was not sufficient to promote CRLF2 upregulation in JURKAT, a more mature T-ALL cell line. Considering the role of IKZF1 in CRLF2 regulation and in recruitment of PCR2, we evaluated IKZF1 status according to CRLF2-expression subgroups. We identified that IKZF1 transcripts with intron retention were upregulated in the CRLF2-high subgroup. Here, we delineated the gene expression profile of CRLF2-high T-ALL samples and unraveled the crucial role of PRC2 in CRLF2 regulation in ETP-ALL.

Assuntos

Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos T , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras , Humanos , Fator de Transcrição Ikaros/genética , Fator de Transcrição Ikaros/metabolismo , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 2 , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/genética , Receptores de Citocinas/genética , Receptores de Citocinas/metabolismo

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effects of treatment-based classification (TBC) in patients with specific and nonspecific acute, subacute and chronic low back pain. METHODS: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro and WHO from inception up to December 2021. We used the PEDro scale, the TIDieR checklist and the GRADE approach to evaluate the risk of bias, quality on reporting and the certainty of the evidence, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-three trials (pooled n = 2,649) met the inclusion criteria. We have identified a total of 22 comparisons and 134 estimates of treatment effects. There was a very large heterogeneity with regards to the comparison groups. Most of individual trials had low risk of bias with a mean score of 6.8 (SD = 1.3) on a 0-10 scale. The certainty of evidence for most comparisons was low, which indicates that more high quality and robust trials are needed. We were able to pool the data using a meta-analysis approach for only two comparisons (TBC versus mobility exercises in patients with acute low back pain and traction for patients with sciatica). In general, the TBC approach seems to be useful for patients with acute low back pain, sciatica and with spinal stenosis. We strongly suggest readers to carefully read our summary of findings table for further details on each comparison. CONCLUSION: The TBC approach seems to be useful for patients with acute low back pain, sciatica and with spinal stenosis.

Assuntos

Dor Aguda , Dor Lombar , Ciática , Estenose Espinal , Terapia por Exercício , Humanos , Dor Lombar/terapia , Ciática/terapia

RESUMO

Flavonoids, carotenoids, betalains, and chlorophylls are the plant pigments responsible for floral color. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are largely responsible for the red, purple, pink, and blue colors. R2R3-MYB genes belonging to subgroup 6 (SG6) are the upstream regulatory factors of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The canonical members of these genes in Arabidopsis include AtMYB75, AtMYB90, AtMYB113, and AtMYB114. The Aristolochiaceae is an angiosperm lineage with diverse floral groundplans and perianth colors. Saruma henryi exhibits a biseriate perianth with green sepals and yellow petals. All other genera have sepals only, with colors ranging from green (in Lactoris) to a plethora of yellow to red and purple mixtures. Here, we isolated and reconstructed the SG6 R2R3-MYB gene lineage evolution in angiosperms with sampling emphasis in Aristolochiaceae. We found numerous species-specific duplications of this gene lineage in core eudicots and local duplications in Aristolochiaceae for Saruma and Asarum. Expression of SG6 R2R3-MYB genes examined in different developmental stages and plant organs of four Aristolochiaceae species, largely overlaps with red and purple pigments, suggesting a role in anthocyanin and flavonoid synthesis and accumulation. A directed RNA-seq analysis corroborated our RT-PCR analyses, by showing that these structural enzymes activate during perianth development in Aristolochia fimbriata and that the regulatory genes are expressed in correlation with color phenotype. Finally, the reconstruction of the flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolic pathways using predicted peptides from transcriptomic data show that all pivotal enzymes are present in the analyzed species. We conclude that the regulatory genes as well as the biosynthetic pathway are largely conserved across angiosperms. In addition, the Aristolochiaceae emerges as a remarkable group to study the genetic regulatory network for floral color, as their members exhibit an outstanding floral diversity with elaborate color patterns and the genetic complement for SG6 R2R3-MYB genes is simpler than in core eudicot model species.

RESUMO

Understanding the ecological and social factors that influence group size is a major focus of primate behavioural ecology. Studies of species with fission-fusion social organizations have offered an insightful tool for understanding ecological drivers of group size as associations change over short temporal and spatial scales. Here we investigated how the fission-fusion dynamics of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) at Runaway Creek, Belize were affected by fruit availability. When males and females were analyzed together, we found no association between fruit availability and subgroup size. However, when females were analyzed separately, we found that when fruit availability increased, so did subgroup size. In all analyses, higher fruit availability did not influence subgroup spatial cohesion. Our results point to the complexity of understanding grouping patterns, in that while ecological factors make groups of specific sizes advantageous, social factors also play an important determining role.

Assuntos

Atelinae/fisiologia , Frutas , Comportamento Social , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Belize , Feminino , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Comportamento Espacial

RESUMO

The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae; it is the first feline retrovirus discovered and one of the agents that has a great impact on cats' health and the ecology of the feline population worldwide. It is associated with the occurrence of several syndromes of fatal diseases, including the development of lymphomas. Studies on FeLV have been reported in Colombia, and most of them have been approached from a clinical point of view. However, only a few studies have focused on the prevalence of the infection, while none have clarified which variant or FeLV viral subgroup is presently circulating in our country. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of the infection associated with the molecular characterization of FeLV present in cats in Aburrá Valley, Colombia. The sampling of privately owned and shelter cats was performed in female (n = 54) and male (n = 46) felines; most of them were seemingly healthy according to the owner's report, with nonspecific clinical history. Immunoassay confirmed that 59.44% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 49.81-69.06%) of felines were FeLV seropositive. The molecular testing of felines using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing showed that 30% (30/100) of felines were positive, and the most prevalent subgroup in the Aburrá Valley was FeLV-A. In conclusion, the frequency of leukemia virus, as revealed by molecular and serological tests, is one of the highest reported frequencies to date, and a high molecular variation is shown in the Colombian population. More studies on the behaviour of the virus in feline populations in Columbia are warranted to determine its prevalence throughout the country.

Assuntos

Genoma Viral , Genômica , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/genética , Leucemia Felina/epidemiologia , Leucemia Felina/virologia , Animais , Gatos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genômica/métodos , Geografia Médica , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/classificação , Leucemia Felina/diagnóstico , Masculino , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência

RESUMO

This study reports an outbreak of avian pox in a quarantine of canaries imported from Europe, with a mortality of 30% and clinical signs of dyspnea and blepharoconjunctivitis. During necropsy, beak cyanosis, serous blepharitis, caseous sinusitis, oropharyngitis, tracheitis, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, fibrinous airsacculitis, and splenomegaly were observed. Microscopically, edema, epithelial hyperplasia, hydropic degeneration, and vacuolated eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were found; similar lesions were observed in the thymus, spleen, and other organs. The virus was isolated in chicken embryos, and it was identified and characterized using a sequence of 913 nucleotides of the DNA polymerase gene. Pathologic characteristics and molecular biology indicate the systemic presence of avian pox associated with an avipoxvirus of the B1 subgroup. Additionally, other lesions associated with Aspergillus sp., Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, and Isospora sp. were found, which could contribute to the high mortality. Canarypox virus should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of dyspnea and high mortality in canary flocks.

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Reporte de caso- Brote de viruela aviar sistémica en canarios (Serinus canaria domestica) asociado con el virus de la viruela aviar subgrupo B1. En este estudio se reporta un brote de viruela aviar en unos canarios importados de Europa que estaban bajo cuarentena, con una mortalidad del 30% y signos clínicos de disnea y blefaroconjuntivitis. Durante la necropsia, se observó cianosis de pico, blefaritis serosa, sinusitis caseosa, orofaringitis, traqueítis, edema pulmonar, neumonía, fibrinosa respiratoria y esplenomegalia. Microscópicamente, se encontró edema, hiperplasia epitelial, degeneración hidrópica y cuerpos de inclusión intracitoplásmicos eosinófilos vacuolados; Se observaron lesiones similares en el timo, el bazo y otros órganos. El virus se aisló en embriones de pollo, se identificó y caracterizó analizando una secuencia de 913 nucleótidos del gene de la polimerasa de ADN. Las características patológicas y la biología molecular indican la presentación sistémica de la viruela aviar asociada a un avipoxvirus del subgrupo B1. Además, se encontraron otras lesiones asociadas con Aspergillus sp., Macrorhabdus ornithogaster y Isopora sp., lo que pudo contribuir a la alta mortalidad. El virus de la viruela del canario debe considerarse un diagnóstico diferencial en casos de disnea y alta mortalidad en parvadas de canarios.

Assuntos

Avipoxvirus/fisiologia , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Canários , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Animais , Avipoxvirus/classificação , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/patologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia

RESUMO

Introduction: The presence of weak variants of blood type A represents a challenge in the practice of immunohematology for discrepancies in the time of the classification. It is common in blood banks to perform a forward and reverse typing for the purpose of confirming the blood type, but not all the people with a subgroup A2 have developed anti-A1 antibodies. Objective: We present a descriptive, observational and transversal study that establishes the proportion of subgroups of A antigen with the analysis of manual tube technique and monoclonal antibodies like anti-A, anti-A1 (Dolichus biflorus lectins extract) and anti-H. Methods: The analysis involved a total of 818 samples of voluntary blood donor, selected by random sampling, which were initially classified as 737 of Type A, and 81 as Type AB, with a confidence level of 95% (alpha error of 5% and 3% of precision). Results: The present study evaluated the existence of the subgroups A1, A2, A1B, A2B, A intermediate and A intB. Conclusions: It is recommended the identification of subgroups in different types of blood in the laboratory and blood banks.

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Introducción: La presencia de variantes débiles del grupo sanguíneo A representa un desafío en la práctica de la inmunohematología por las discrepancias en el momento de la tipificación. Es común en bancos de sangre realizar una tipificación directa e inversa con el objetivo de confirmar el grupo sanguíneo; sin embargo, no todas las personas que presentan un subgrupo sanguíneo A2 han desarrollado anticuerpos anti-A1, lo que dificulta la identificación de subgrupos de A. Objetivo: El presente estudio es descriptivo, observacional y transversal, y tiene el objetivo de establecer la proporción de los subgrupos del antígeno A en donantes de sangre mediante la técnica manual en tubo con reactivos hemoclasificadores monoclonales: anti A, anti-A1 (extracto de las lectinas Dolichus biflorus) y anti-H. Métodos: Se analizaron un total de 818 muestras provenientes de donantes de sangre (muestreo aleatorio estratificado), de los cuales 737 fueron tipificados inicialmente como A y 81 como AB, con un grado de confianza del 95% (error alfa del 5% y precisión del 3%). Resultados: Se identificó la existencia de los subgrupos A1, A2, A1B, A2B, A intermedio y A intB en donantes de sangre ecuatorianos. Conclusión: Se recomienda la implementación de la identificación de los subgrupos de A en laboratorios clínicos y bancos de sangre.

Assuntos

Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/sangue , Doadores de Sangue/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

The willistoni species subgroup has been the subject of several studies since the latter half of the past century and is considered a Neotropical model for evolutionary studies, given the many levels of reproductive isolation and different evolutionary stages occurring within them. Here we present for the first time a phylogenetic reconstruction combining morphological characters and molecular data obtained from 8 gene fragments (COI, COII, Cytb, Adh, Ddc, Hb, kl-3 and per). Some relationships were incongruent when comparing morphological and molecular data. Also, morphological data presented some unresolved polytomies, which could reflect the very recent divergence of the subgroup. The total evidence phylogenetic reconstruction presented well-supported relationships and summarized the results of all analyses. The diversification of the willistoni subgroup began about 7.3 Ma with the split of D. insularis while D.paulistorum complex has a much more recent diversification history, which began about 2.1 Ma and apparently has not completed the speciation process, since the average time to sister species separation is one million years, and some entities of the D. paulistorum complex diverge between 0.3 and 1 Ma. Based on the obtained data, we propose the categorization of the former "semispecies" of D. paulistorum as a subspecies and describe the subspecies D. paulistorum amazonian, D. paulistorum andeanbrazilian, D. paulistorum centroamerican, D. paulistorum interior, D. paulistorum orinocan and D. paulistorum transitional.

Assuntos

Drosophila/classificação , Drosophila/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Drosophila/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Masculino , Especificidade da Espécie

RESUMO

Nyssorhynchus strodei (Root) is an understudied species of potential epidemiological importance, having been found naturally infected in Brazil with Plasmodium falciparum Welch, Plasmodium vivax Grassi & Feletti, and Plasmodium malariae Feletti & Grassi. It belongs to the strodei subgroup that includes Nyssorhynchus albertoi (Unti), Nyssorhynchus arthuri (Unti), Nyssorhynchus rondoni (Neiva & Pinto), Nyssorhynchus striatus (Sant’Ana & Sallum), and three unnamed species, Nyssorhynchus arthuri B, Nyssorhynchus arthuri C, and Nyssorhynchus arthuri D. As the accurate identification of vector species is of fundamental importance for public health entomology, the aim of the study was to provide additional information for the presence of seven species that had been previously misidentified as Ny. strodei. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences of the genes COI mtDNA, white, CAD and CAT nuclear genes confirmed Ny. albertoi, Ny. arthuri, Ny. strodei, and Ny. striatus as distinct groups within the strodei subgroup and corroborated the presence of three undescribed species under the name Ny. arthuri. Results of the GMYC model analysis corroborated Ny. arthuri B, Ny. arthuri C, and Ny. arthuri D; however, they did not distinguish between Ny. strodei and Ny. albertoi. Predicted distribution of seven species based on maximum entropy in MaxEnt showed that each species has its specific ecological niche suitability.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with overweight and poor physical fitness have an increased likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. In Ecuador, a health promotion program improved the muscular strength and speed-agility, and reduced the decline of the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of adolescents after 28 months. We performed a sub-group analysis to assess the differential effect of this intervention in overweight and low-fit adolescents. METHODS: We performed a cluster-randomized pair matched trial in schools located in Cuenca-Ecuador. In total 20 schools (clusters) were pair matched, and 1440 adolescents of grade 8 and 9 (mean age of 12.3 and 13.3 years respectively) participated in the trial. For the purposes of the subgroup analysis, the adolescents were classified into groups according to their weight status (body mass index) and aerobic capacity (scores in the 20 m shuttle run and FITNESSGRAM standards) at baseline. Primary outcomes included physical fitness (vertical jump, speed shuttle run) and physical activity (proportion of students achieving over 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/day). For these primary outcomes, we stratified analysis by weight (underweight, normal BMI and overweight/obese) and fitness (fit and low fitness) groups. Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the intervention effect. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight/obesity, underweight and poor physical fitness was 20.3 %, 5.8 % and 84.8 % respectively. A higher intervention effect was observed for speed shuttle run in overweight (ß = -1.85 s, P = 0.04) adolescents compared to underweight (ß = -1.66 s, P = 0.5) or normal weight (ß = -0.35 s, P = 0.6) peers. The intervention effect on vertical jump was higher in adolescents with poor physical fitness (ß = 3.71 cm, P = 0.005) compared to their fit peers (ß = 1.28 cm, P = 0.4). The proportion of students achieving over 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/day was not significantly different according to weight or fitness status. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive school-based interventions that aim to improve diet and physical activity could improve speed and strength aspects of physical fitness in low-fit and overweight/obese adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01004367 . Registered October 28, 2009.

Assuntos

Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Sobrepeso/terapia , Aptidão Física , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Adolescente , Criança , Equador/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

ABSTRACT In several arthropod groups, male genitalia is the most important feature for species identification, especially in cryptic species. Cryptic species are very common in the Drosophila genus, and the Neotropical Drosophila willistoni species group is a good example. This group currently includes 24 species divided into three subgroups: alagitans, bocainensis and willistoni. There are six sibling species in the willistoni subgroup – D. willistoni, D. insularis, D. tropicalis, D. equinoxialis, D. pavlovskiana and D. paulistorum, which is a species complex composed of six semispecies – Amazonian, Andean-Brazilian, Centroamerican, Interior, Orinocan and Transitional. The objective of this study was to characterize male genitalia of the willistoni subgroup, including the D. paulistorum species complex, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. We also tried to contribute to the identification of these cryptic species and to add some comments about evolutionary history, based on male genitalia characters. Despite being cryptic species, some differences were found among the siblings, including the Drosophila paulistorum semispecies.

RESUMO

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes important lower respiratory tract illness in calves. According to F and G proteins genetic sequences, three BRSV subgroups have been reported and characterized in several countries, showing differences in its distribution. In Brazil, the virus is widely disseminated throughout the herds and the few characterized isolates revealed the solely occurrence of the subgroup B. This study describes the detection and characterization of an untyped BRSV strain from a twenty-days-old calf from a herd without clinical respiratory disease. Nasal swabs were analyzed by RT-nested PCR for the F and G proteins genes. One sample has amplified the F protein gene. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic reconstruction were accomplished, revealing that the strain could not be grouped with any other BRSV subgroups reported. This result may suggest that the BRSV is in constantly evolution, even in Brazil, where the vaccination is not a common practice. More detailed studies about BRSV characterization are necessary to know the virus subgroups distribution among the Brazilian herds to recommend appropriated immunoprophylaxis.(AU)

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O vírus respiratório sincicial bovino (BRSV) é responsável por causar severa doença respiratória principalmente em bezerros. De acordo com sequências genéticas das proteínas F e G deste vírus,três subgrupos de BRSV foram relatados e caracterizados em vários países, mostrando diferenças nas suas distribuições. No Brasil, o vírus encontra-se disseminado pelos rebanhos bovinos e, dos poucos isolados caracterizados, todos foram classificados no subgrupo B. Assim, o estudo descreve a detecção e caracterização de uma estirpe de BRSV não tipável proveniente de um bezerro de vinte dias de idade, de um rebanho sem histórico clínico de doença respiratória. Suabes nasais foram analisados pela técnica de RT-nested PCR para os genes das proteínas F e G do BRSV e uma amostra amplificou o gene da proteína F. O sequenciamento da amostra e subsequente reconstrução filogenética mostrou o não agrupamento da estirpe com quaisquer outros subgrupos de BRSV relatados. Este resultado sugere a constante evolução do BRSV, mesmo no Brasil, onde a vacinação não é uma prática comum. Estudos mais detalhados sobre a caracterização do BRSV são necessários para melhor entender a distribuição dos subgrupos nos rebanhos brasileiros a fim de proporcionar medidas de imunoprofilaxia adequadas.(AU)

Assuntos

Animais , Bovinos , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/genética , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Filogenia

RESUMO

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes important lower respiratory tract illness in calves. According to F and G proteins genetic sequences, three BRSV subgroups have been reported and characterized in several countries, showing differences in its distribution. In Brazil, the virus is widely disseminated throughout the herds and the few characterized isolates revealed the solely occurrence of the subgroup B. This study describes the detection and characterization of an untyped BRSV strain from a twenty-days-old calf from a herd without clinical respiratory disease. Nasal swabs were analyzed by RT-nested PCR for the F and G proteins genes. One sample has amplified the F protein gene. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic reconstruction were accomplished, revealing that the strain could not be grouped with any other BRSV subgroups reported. This result may suggest that the BRSV is in constantly evolution, even in Brazil, where the vaccination is not a common practice. More detailed studies about BRSV characterization are necessary to know the virus subgroups distribution among the Brazilian herds to recommend appropriated immunoprophylaxis.

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O vírus respiratório sincicial bovino (BRSV) é responsável por causar severa doença respiratória principalmente em bezerros. De acordo com sequências genéticas das proteínas F e G deste vírus,três subgrupos de BRSV foram relatados e caracterizados em vários países, mostrando diferenças nas suas distribuições. No Brasil, o vírus encontra-se disseminado pelos rebanhos bovinos e, dos poucos isolados caracterizados, todos foram classificados no subgrupo B. Assim, o estudo descreve a detecção e caracterização de uma estirpe de BRSV não tipável proveniente de um bezerro de vinte dias de idade, de um rebanho sem histórico clínico de doença respiratória. Suabes nasais foram analisados pela técnica de RT-nested PCR para os genes das proteínas F e G do BRSV e uma amostra amplificou o gene da proteína F. O sequenciamento da amostra e subsequente reconstrução filogenética mostrou o não agrupamento da estirpe com quaisquer outros subgrupos de BRSV relatados. Este resultado sugere a constante evolução do BRSV, mesmo no Brasil, onde a vacinação não é uma prática comum. Estudos mais detalhados sobre a caracterização do BRSV são necessários para melhor entender a distribuição dos subgrupos nos rebanhos brasileiros a fim de proporcionar medidas de imunoprofilaxia adequadas.

Assuntos

Animais , Bovinos , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase

RESUMO

The ability to successfully identify and incriminate pathogen vectors is fundamental to effective pathogen control and management. This task is confounded by the existence of cryptic species complexes.Molecular markers can offer a highly effective means of species identification in such complexes and are routinely employed in the study of medical entomology. Here we evaluate a multi-locus system for the identification of potential malaria vectors in the Anopheles strodei subgroup. Methods: Larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes (n = 61) from the An. strodei subgroup were collected from 21 localities in nine Brazilian states and sequenced for the COI, ITS2 and white gene. A Bayesian phylogenetic approach was used to describe the relationships in the Strodei Subgroup and the utility of COI and ITS2 barcodes was assessed using the neighbor joining tree and “best close match” approaches...

Assuntos

Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Anopheles/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Culicidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malária/diagnóstico

RESUMO

SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling ATPases play important roles in plant and metazoan development. Whereas metazoans generally encode one or two SWI2/SNF2 ATPase genes, Arabidopsis encodes four such chromatin regulators: the well-studied BRAHMA and SPLAYED ATPases, as well as two closely related non-canonical SWI2/SNF2 ATPases, CHR12 and CHR23. No developmental role has as yet been described for CHR12 and CHR23. Here, we show that although strong single chr12 or chr23 mutants are morphologically indistinguishable from the wild type, chr12 chr23 double mutants cause embryonic lethality. The double mutant embryos fail to initiate root and shoot meristems, and display few and aberrant cell divisions. Weak double mutant embryos give rise to viable seedlings with dramatic defects in the maintenance of both the shoot and the root stem cell populations. Paradoxically, the stem cell defects are correlated with increased expression of the stem cell markers WUSCHEL and WOX5. During subsequent development, the meristem defects are partially overcome to allow for the formation of very small, bushy adult plants. Based on the observed morphological defects, we named the two chromatin remodelers MINUSCULE 1 and 2. Possible links between minu1 minu2 defects and defects in hormone signaling and replication-coupled chromatin assembly are discussed.

Assuntos

Adenosina Trifosfatases/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Alelos , Arabidopsis/citologia , Arabidopsis/embriologia , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cromatina/metabolismo , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Genes Reporter , Meristema/citologia , Meristema/embriologia , Meristema/genética , Mutação , Fenótipo , Raízes de Plantas/citologia , Raízes de Plantas/embriologia , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Células-Tronco , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo

RESUMO

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a new type of virus that mainly induces myeloid leukosis (ML) in chickens. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of ALV-J infection and tumor development, expression profiles from the bone marrow tissue of 15 infected and 18 non-infected birds from a local-breed poultry-farm under naturally infected conditions, were analyzed by suppression-subtractive hybridization. The birds were diagnosed as ML+ (or ML-) by specific ALV-J detection methods, involving serological tests for antigens and antibodies, and RT-PCR to detect viral RNA. A total of 59 partial gene sequences were revealed by differential screening of 496 forward and 384 reverse subtracted cDNA clones. Of these, 22 identified genes, including 8 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated, were related to immune functions, these genes being, MHC B-G antigen, translationally-controlled tumor protein (TPT1/TPTC), transferrin and ferritin, hemoglobin and Carbonic anhydrase. Four of the down-regulated genes were selected for further analysis, in view of their predicted roles in infection and immunity by real-time qRT-PCR, using RNA collected from the same birds as those used for SSH. The four genes were expressed at significantly lower levels (p < 0.001) in ALV-J infected birds than in non-infected ones.