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Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel clinical report form in the format of a structured interview to enable the characterization of the Portuguese population of the Baixo Vouga region with different subtypes of nodular thyroid pathologies (NTyPs). Materials and methods: A structured interview was developed and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured interview built and validated for that purpose in Portugal. Results: This structured interview enables the identification of possible correlations between each subtype of nodular lesions and sociodemographic data, consumption habits and lifestyle, endocrine history, and family predisposition. Conclusion: The novel structured interview will simultaneously, enable a detailed characterization of the group of patients with nodular thyroid lesions and will support future metabolomic studies.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel clinical report form in the format of a structured interview to enable the characterization of the Portuguese population of the Baixo Vouga region with different subtypes of nodular thyroid pathologies (NTyPs). Materials and methods: A structured interview was developed and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured interview built and validated for that purpose in Portugal. Results: This structured interview enables the identification of possible correlations between each subtype of nodular lesions and sociodemographic data, consumption habits and lifestyle, endocrine history, and family predisposition. Conclusion: The novel structured interview will simultaneously, enable a detailed characterization of the group of patients with nodular thyroid lesions and will support future metabolomic studies.

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In recent years, the number of children and families migrating from Central America to the United States (U.S.) has increased exponentially (Rosenblum, 2015). Likely due to this influx, research on Latinx immigrants has also increased. However, no standard assessment of youth migration experiences currently exists. The present study introduces a new measure and pilot data on the migration experiences of youth from Central America. The Migration Experiences Interview (MEI) is a 25-question semi-structured interview that encompasses youths' experiences before, during, and after migration to the U.S, covering topics such as their control over the decision to migrate, whether they witnessed frightening situations along their journey, and their experiences living in the U.S. thus far. The present study provides pilot data on a sample of 64 recently migrated Central American youths aged 15 to 25 (39.1% female). The MEI provides in-depth characterizations and narrative examples of migration experiences that add important information on a largely understudied population to the literature. The MEI's standard, publicly available format has utility for increased consistency in future research and implications for clinical practice and immigration policy.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Entrevista é uma conversa para obter informações em que um entrevistador realiza a ação de questionar e um entrevistado responde às perguntas feitas. Os modos amplamente usados são a abordagem 'Entrevista cara a cara', 'Entrevista telefônica' e 'Entrevista por meio eletrônico / multimídia'. Aquisições de informações por meio de entrevistas provaram sua praticidade sob uma ampla gama de considerações e aspectos nos domínios da saúde, ciências sociais, gestão, etc. A seleção adequada do método desde o planejamento e estabelecimento fornece as informações necessárias para o entrevistador da melhor maneira possível, e de forma documentada para entregar os resultados que trazem o melhor após um treino planejado de uma entrevista. OBJETIVO: No presente artigo, o autor se concentraria na categorização da entrevista na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: apenas as bases de dados PubMed e SCOPUS foram pesquisadas desde o início até setembro de 2020 para esta revisão narrativa. Apenas artigos em inglês foram pesquisados com palavras-chave, "Entrevista", "Face a Face", "Pesquisa qualitativa" e "Categoria de Entrevista" e vinculados a palavras booleanas como "E", "OU" e "NÃO". Resumos de conferências e artigos de anais foram excluídos. Esta revisão narrativa não segue a declaração PRISMA. RESULTADOS: A seleção das entrevistas a serem utilizadas na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde deve ser baseada na alocação de tempo, gênero, priorização da privacidade e exigência do conteúdo das informações. O entrevistador deve fazer uma pergunta de cada vez, apresentar normalidade na expressão facial e corporal após a resposta, mesmo após notar que as respostas são imprevisíveis e estimular a taxa de resposta ao máximo para otimizar os resultados obtidos. CONCLUSÃO: Vários aspectos importantes da entrevista na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde foram discutidos nesta revisão narrativa.

INTRODUCTION: An interview is a conversation to procure information where an interviewer performs the action of questioning and an interviewee responds to the asked questions. The widely used modes are 'Face-to-Face Interview', 'Telephonic Interview', and 'Interview via Electronic/Multimedia' approach. Information acquisitions via interviews have proved their practicality under a wide range of considerations and aspects in the domains of healthcare, social sciences, management, etc. Proper selection of the method right from planning and establishment deliver the required information to the interviewer in the best expressible, and documented form to deliver results bringing the best after a whole planned workout of an interview. OBJECTIVE: In the present article, the author would be focused on the interview categorization in qualitative health care research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Only PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched from inception to September 2020 for this narrative review. Only English language articles were searched with keywords, "Interview", "Face-to-Face", "Qualitative research" and "Category of Interview" and linked with Boolean words such as "AND", "OR" and "NOT". Conference abstracts and proceedings articles were excluded. This narrative review did not follow the PRISMA statement. RESULTS: The selection of interviews to be used in qualitative health care research should be based on time allocation, gender, prioritization of privacy, and requirement of the content of information. The interviewer should ask one question at a time, present with normalcy in facial and body expression following response even after noting the answers to be unpredictable, and encourage the response rate to the highest for optimizing the results obtained. CONCLUSION: Various important aspects of the interview in qualitative health care research has been discussed in this narrative review.

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BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of mental disorders, such as psychotic symptoms. An extensive body of literature about childhood maltreatment and mental health has been developed in wealthy countries, but information about this connection is lacking in developing countries. AIMS: To explore a possible relationship between childhood maltreatment and ultra-high risk of psychosis in a non-help-seeking population in a low- and middle-income country. METHODS: A household survey was conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil, involving over 2,500 individuals aged 18-30 years who were randomly selected from the general population. The participants underwent screening with the Prodromal Questionnaire. Ultra-high risk status was assessed using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, and childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The final sample comprised 87 ultra-high risk individuals and 115 controls. RESULTS: Childhood maltreatment was significantly more present among ultra-high risk individuals. In ultra-high risk individuals, physical and emotional neglect were inversely related to grandiosity symptoms, physical abuse was related to perceptual abnormalities and physical neglect was related to disorganized speech and thought. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and ultra-high risk status and psychopathological features in a large Latin American sample. Further studies in this field are necessary to better understand the specific influence of various early life adversities on psychosis risk.

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En las últimas décadas, han aumentado los estudios sobre las competencias para el ejercicio de profesiones de la salud. En psicología y en particular, en la psicoterapia, se han elaborado diferentes escritos que detallan las competencias que deben adquirir los y las psicoterapeutas durante su formación. Sin embargo, no se encuentran estudios sistemáticos que detallen las actividades y experiencias asociadas a su desarrollo, denominadas en este trabajo como indicadores asociados. Con el objetivo de conocer cuáles son las actividades y experiencias asociadas al desarrollo de competencias clínicas, se realizaron 20 entrevistas semi-dirigidas que fueron sometidas a un análisis temático en el que complementariamente participaron expertos, quienes actuaron como jueces en diferentes etapas del proceso. Como resultado, se identificaron cinco indicadores asociados: i. Formación de base y actualización, ii. Desarrollo personal y trabajo sobre sí mismo, iii. Pertenencia a instituciones y red de profesionales, iv. Supervisión y v. Experiencia personal y profesional.

In recent decades, studies on the competencies for the exercise of health professions have increased. In psychology, particularly for psychotherapy, various writings have been produced detailing the competencies that psychotherapists must acquire during their training. However, no systematic studies are detailing the activities and experiences associated with their development, in this work called Associated Indicators. In order to know the activities and experiences associated with the development of clinical competencies, 20 semi-structured interviews were carried out subjected to a thematic analysis in which experts participated as judges in different stages of the process. As a result, five associated indicators were identified: Basic training and refresher training, personal development and work on oneself, membership of institutions and networks of professionals, supervision and personal and professional experience.

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O artigo analisa a qualidade e a consistência de um roteiro de entrevista compreensiva, adaptado para o estudo da tentativa de suicídio e sua ideação entre pessoas idosas e apresenta o método utilizado na aplicação desse instrumento. O objetivo é demonstrar como o uso da entrevista semiestruturada e sua forma de organização e análise de dados foram testados e aperfeiçoados por uma rede de pesquisadores de doze universidades ou centros de pesquisa do Brasil, Uruguai e Colômbia. O método envolveu a aplicação do instrumento em que se socializou um manual de instruções sobre a coleta, sistematização e análise de dados. A metodologia foi aplicada em 67 entrevistas com idosos na faixa de 60 anos ou mais e em 34 entrevistas com profissionais da saúde em treze municípios brasileiros, em Montevidéu e Bogotá, permitindo a verificação da consistência do instrumento usado e a aplicabilidade do método, durante o processo e ao final. O roteiro aperfeiçoado e as instruções para replicá-lo e analisá-lo são aqui apresentados. Os resultados apontam a adequação e a credibilidade dessa abordagem metodológica testada e qualificada de modo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional.

The article analyses the quality and consistency of a comprehensive interview guide, adapted to study attempted suicide and its ideation among the elderly, and imparts the method followed in applying this tool. The objective is to show how the use of a semi-structured interview and the organization and data analysis set-up were tested and perfected by a network of researchers from twelve universities or research centers in Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia. The method involved application and evaluation of the tool and joint production of an instruction manual on data collection, systematization and analysis. The methodology was followed in 67 interviews with elderly people of 60 or older and in 34 interviews with health professionals in thirteen Brazilian municipalities and in Montevideo and Bogotá, allowing the consistency of the tool and the applicability of the method to be checked, during the process and at the end. The enhanced guide and the instructions for reproducing it are presented herein. The results indicate the suitability and credibility of this methodological approach, tested and certified in interdisciplinary and interinstitutional terms.

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OBJECTIVE: Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) confers 25% risk for psychosis and is an invaluable window for understanding the neurobiological substrate of psychosis risk. The Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) is well validated in nondeleted populations for detecting clinical risk but has only recently been applied to 22q11DS. We assessed the largest 22q11DS cohort to date and report on SIPS implementation and symptoms elicited. METHOD: The SIPS, including its 19 subscales, was administered to 157 individuals with 22q11DS aged 8 to 25 years. Youth and caregiver interviews were conducted and rated separately, then compared for agreement. Implementation of the SIPS in 22q11DS was challenging because of the prevalence of developmental delay and comorbid conditions. However, by explaining questions and eliciting examples, we were able to help youths and caregivers understand and respond appropriately. Consensus ratings were formulated and analyzed with itemwise and factor analysis. RESULTS: Subthreshold symptoms were common, with 85% of individuals endorsing 1 or more. The most commonly rated items were ideational richness (47%) and trouble with focus and attention (44%). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution with positive, negative, and disorganized components. Youth-caregiver comparisons suggested that youths report greater symptoms of perceptual abnormalities, suspiciousness, trouble with emotional expression, and bizarre thinking. Caregivers reported more impaired tolerance to normal stress, poor hygiene, and inattention. CONCLUSION: The SIPS was adapted for 22q11DS through comprehensive and semi-structured administration methods, yielding a high prevalence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms. The significance and predictive validity of these symptoms require future longitudinal analysis.

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Debido al incremento de la demanda de herramientas útiles y simples para la evaluación psiquiátrica de niños y de adolescentes, decidimos realizar un estudio de validación concurrente entre la Mini Entrevista Internacional Neuropsiquiátrica para Niños y Adolescentes (MINI-KID) y la Entrevista Semiestructurada para Adolescentes (ESA) para establecer la confiabilidad diagnóstica para los padecimientos externalizados: trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), trastorno negativista y desafiante (TND) y trastorno disocial (TD). Entrevistadores experimentados evaluaron de forma completa a once pacientes con la ESA; posteriormente se re-evaluó a los adolescentes con la versión electrónica del MINI-KID por clínicos ciegos al resultado de la ESA. Para analizar el grado de acuerdo entre ambos instrumentos, se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación Kappa de Cohen. En nuestro estudio los valores de Kappa para TDAH y TND fueron considerados con buena y excelente confiabilidad (0.64 y 0.81), respectivamente. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, la ESA pareciera ser un instrumento más sensible que el MINI lo cual es contrario a lo que reporta la literatura para este tipo de entrevistas. Sin embargo, se debe tomar en cuenta diversas limitaciones antes de establecer una conclusión sólida. Palabras Clave: Mini Entrevista Internacional Neuropsiquiátrica para Niños y Adolescentes (MINI-Kid), Entrevista Semiestructurada para Adolescentes (ESA), Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), Trastorno Oposicionista Desafiante (TOD/TND), Trastorno de Conducta (TC).

In face of the increase of the demand for useful and simple tools to help in the psychiatric evaluation of children and adolescents, we decided to undertake this research, in which we analyzed the reliability between the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-KID) and the Adolescents Semi-structured Interview (ASI) to establish the concurrent validity for the diagnosis for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD). Trained interviewers exhaustively evaluated a total of eleven patients using the ASI, afterwards clinicians who were blind to the results with the ASI re-evaluated the individuals with the electronic version of the MINI-KID. In order to analyze the similarity between both instruments, we used the Cohen's Kappa correlation coefficient. The values obtained were good and excellent with a confidence index for ADHD and ODD (0.64 y 0.81), respectively. In accord with our results, the ASI seems to be a more sensitive instrument in comparison with the MINI, which contrasts with many findings in the literature about these instruments. Nevertheless, some limitations should be considered. Keywords: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Kids and Adolescents (MINI-Kid), Adolescents Semi-structured Interview (ASI), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD).