RESUMO

MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. In addition to impaired energy production, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency occurs in MELAS syndrome and leads to impaired blood perfusion in microvasculature that can contribute to several complications including stroke-like episodes, myopathy, and lactic acidosis. The supplementation of NO precursors, L-arginine and L-citrulline, increases NO production and hence can potentially have therapeutic utility in MELAS syndrome. L-citrulline raises NO production to a greater extent than L-arginine; therefore, L-citrulline may have a better therapeutic effect. The clinical effect of L-citrulline has not yet been studied and clinical studies on L-arginine, which are limited, only evaluated the stroke-like episodes aspect of the disease. Controlled studies are still needed to assess the clinical effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline on different aspects of MELAS syndrome.

RESUMO

Abstract Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. In addition to impaired energy production, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency occurs in MELAS syndrome and leads to impaired blood perfusion in microvasculature that can contribute to several complications including stroke-like episodes, myopathy, and lactic acidosis. The supplementation of NO precursors, L-arginine and L-citrulline, increases NO production and hence can potentially have therapeutic utility in MELAS syndrome. L-citrulline raises NO production to a greater extent than L-arginine; therefore, L-citrulline may have a better therapeutic effect. The clinical effect of L-citrulline has not yet been studied and clinical studies on L-arginine, which are limited, only evaluated the stroke-like episodes' aspects of the disease. Controlled studies are still needed to assess the clinical effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline on different aspects of MELAS syndrome.

RESUMO

Las mitocondriopatías son un amplio espectro de patologías caracterizadas por un metabolismo mitocondrial anómalo. Dentro de estas enfermedades se incluye la MELAS, cuya sigla en inglés significa encefalomiopatía mitocondrial, acidosis láctica y episodios “stroke-like”. Se trata de un síndrome de presentación clínica heterogénea que debe considerarse como causa inhabitual de accidente cerebro vascular-símil en los pacientes jóvenes. La resonancia magnética puede otorgar la clave diagnóstica al mostrar áreas de isquemia cerebral sin respeto de los territorios vasculares arteriales. La biopsia muscular con el hallazgo de las fibras rojas rasgadas puede sugerir enfermedad mitocondrial. El diagnóstico definitivo de MELAS se realiza mediante análisis genético por demostración de mutaciones en el ADNm. Se presenta el primer caso clínico confirmado de MELAS con episodios “stroke-like” en la edad adulta reportado en nuestro país

Mitochondriopathies are a wide spectrum of diseases characterized by abnormal mitochondrial metabolism. Within these diseases is the MELAS, whose acronym means mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and "stroke-like" episodes. It is a syndrome of heterogeneous clinical presentation that should be considered as an unusual cause of stroke in young patients. Brain MRI can provide the diagnostic key with areas of ischemia without respect for arterial vascular territories. Muscle biopsy may suggest mitochondrial disease with the finding of ragged red fibers. The definitive diagnosis of MELAS is done through genetic analysis with mutations in the mtDNA. We described the first clinical confirmed case of MELAS with "stroke-like" episodes in adulthood reported in our country.