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Clinical depression is characterized by multiple concurrent symptoms, manifesting as a complex heterogeneous condition. Although some well-established classical behavioral assessments are widespread in rodent models, it remains uncertain whether rats also display stress-induced depression-related phenotypes in a multidimensional manner, i.e., simultaneous alterations in multiple behavioral tests. Here, we investigated multivariate patterns and profiles of depression-related behavioral traits in male Wistar rats subjected to inescapable footshocks (IS) or no-shocks (NS), followed by a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests and ethological characterization. We observed generalized stronger intra-test but weaker inter-test correlations. However, feature clustering of behavioral measures successfully delineated variables linked to resilience and susceptibility to stress. Accordingly, a noteworthy covariation pattern emerged, characterized by increased open field locomotion, reduced time in the elevated plus maze open arms, lower sucrose preference, and increased shuttle box escape failures that consistently differentiated IS from NS. Surprisingly there is little contribution from forced swim. In addition, individual clustering revealed a diversity of behavioral profiles, naturally separating NS and IS, including subpopulations entirely characterized by resilience or susceptibility. In conclusion, our study elucidates intricate relationships among classical depression-related behavioral measures, highlighting multidimensional individual variability. Our work emphasizes the importance of a multivariate framework for behavioral assessment in animal models to understand stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Depressão , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Resiliência Psicológica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suscetibilidade a DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Over recent decades, chronic stress at an early age has become a worrying health problem in children. We seek to evaluate an intervention involving mindfulness-based practices and prosocial activities in 7- to 8-year-old children. METHODS: Stress levels were determined using hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and social integration was measured by means of a sociogram. The program had previously proven to be effective in decreasing salivary cortisol levels and in favouring social integration in children. A total of 35 children participated in the study: 18 constituted the intervention group and 17 the wait-list group. In both groups, HCC and social integration were evaluated before and after the intervention conducted throughout an entire school year. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant reduction in HCC, as well as significant enhancement of social integration levels, whereas no changes were observed in the wait-list group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first research to show that HCC, a reliable neuroendocrine indicator, decreased as a result of a mindfulness-based program. This successful outcome adds new evidence to previous findings regarding the reduction of chronic stress in children following participation in this program.
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Atenção Plena , Criança , Humanos , Hidrocortisona , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Cabelo , Integração SocialRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El comportamiento suicida hace referencia a las diversas conductas para dejar de vivir es un fenómeno multifactorial ampliamente estudiado en población urbana, sin embargo, la población campesina, especialmente agricultores y trabajadores agrícolas están entre los grupos de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Evaluar las relaciones entre el riesgo suicida y las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en una muestra de 76 campesinos entre los 18 y 79 años del municipio de El Santuario, Colombia, durante la emergencia sanitaria por Covid-19. Método: Para este estudio se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal y se emplearon como instrumentos la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo Suicida -ERS- y la Escala de Estilos y Estrategias de Afrontamiento (EEEAE). Resultados: Los resultados encontrados en la Escala ERS no indicaron niveles clínicos de riesgo suicida. Y respecto a la EEEAE casi siempre los participantes usaban las estrategias de Reevaluación positiva, Apoyo social, Desconexión cognitiva y Resolver el problema. Hubo correlaciones negativas entre todas las dimensiones de la escala ERS con EEEAE, menos entre las dimensiones Depresión/Desesperanza y Aislamiento/Soporte social (ERS) con la Desconexión cognitiva (EEEAE) y especialmente la estrategia de Reevaluación Positiva tuvo un peso significativo sobre riesgo suicida. Conclusiones: La Reevaluación Positiva es una estrategia de afrontamiento que puede proteger la salud mental ante situaciones de estrés asociados con el riesgo suicida de la población campesina, los agricultores y trabajadores agrícolas.
Abstract Introduction: Suicidal behavior refers to the various behaviors to stop living, it is a multifactorial phenomenon widely studied in the urban population, however, the rural population, especially farmers and agricultural workers, are among the high-risk groups. Objective: Evaluate the relationships between suicidal risk and stress coping strategies in a sample of 76 peasants between 18 and 79 years of age from the municipality of El Santuario, Colombia during the Covid-19 health emergency. Method: For this study, a cross-sectional correlational descriptive design was used. The Suicide Risk Assessment Scale -SRAS- and the Coping Styles and Strategies Scale were used as measurement instruments (CSSS). Results: The results found in the SRAS Scale did not indicate clinical levels of suicidal risk. And regarding the EEEAE, the participants almost always used the strategies of Positive Reappraisal, Social Support, Cognitive Disconnection and Problem-Solving skills. There were negative correlations between all the dimensions of the SRAS scale with CSSS, less between the dimensions Depression/Hopelessness and Isolation/social support (SRAS) with Cognitive Disconnection (CSSS) and especially the Positive Reappraisal had a significant weight on suicidal risk. Conclusions: Positive Reappraisal is a coping strategy that can protect mental health in situations of stress associated with suicidal risk of the rural population, farmers, and agricultural workers.
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We assessed the role of Time Perspective (TP) and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, across healthy and treatment-seeking Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico (PR), as well as at the state of Connecticut in mainland United States (US). Participants were comprised of 197 adults from the island of PR, as well as 138 adults from Connecticut. TP was measured through five categories assessed by the Zimbardo TP Inventory (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future), the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTPr) coefficient, and the Deviation from the Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) coefficient. Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Distress Scale. Adaptive and maladaptive stress-coping were measured through the Brief COPE Inventory. DNTP predicted adaptive coping, whereas acculturative stress, Present Hedonistic, and DBTPr predicted maladaptive coping. Puerto Ricans living in Connecticut engaged more often in maladaptive coping than those in PR. Acculturative stress partially mediated the influence of DBTPr on maladaptive coping. DNTP mediated the influence of state on adaptive coping. DBTPr and acculturative stress totally mediated the influence of state on maladaptive coping. These findings suggest that assessing TP, levels of acculturative stress, and coping strategies could assist in tailoring evidence-based interventions to the specific needs of Puerto Rican populations. Doing so could be effective in promoting a Balanced Time Perspective, reducing acculturative stress, increasing adaptive coping, and improving mental as well as physical health, on Puerto Ricans living in PR or mainland US.
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The benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the main source of lower urinary tract symptoms. The BPH is a common age-dependent disease and tamsulosin is an α1-adrenoceptor blocker widely prescribed for BPH. Beyond the common adverse effects of tamsulosin, increased diagnosis of dementia after prescription was observed. Importantly, a clinical study suggested that tamsulosin may exert antidepressant effects in BPH patients. Considering the expression of α1-adrenoceptors in the brain, this study aimed to investigate the effects of tamsulosin in the forced swimming and open field tests in mice. For this, tamsulosin (0.001-1 mg/kg) was orally administered subacutely (1, 5 and 23 hr) and acutely (60 min) before tests. Mifepristone (10 mg/kg), a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, and aminoglutethimide (10 mg/kg), a streoidogenesis inhibitor, were intraperitoneally injected before tamsulosin to investigate the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the mediation of tamsulosin-induced effects. Subacute and acute administrations of tamsulosin increased the immobility time in the first exposition to an inescapable stressful situation. In the re-exposition to the swim task, controls displayed a natural increase in the immobility time, and the treatment with tamsulosin further increased this behavioral parameter. Tamsuslosin did not affect spontaneous locomotion neither in naïve nor in stressed mice. Our findings also showed that mifepristone and aminoglutethimide prevented the tamsulosin-induced increase in the immobility time in the first and second swimming sessions, respectively. In conclusion, tamsulosin may contribute to increased susceptibility to depressive-like behaviors, by facilitating the acquisition of a passive stress-copying strategy. These effects seem to be dependent on endogenous glucocorticoids.
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Adaptação Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/farmacologia , Inibidores da Aromatase/farmacologia , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Antagonistas de Hormônios/farmacologia , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Tansulosina/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/administração & dosagem , Aminoglutetimida/farmacologia , Animais , Inibidores da Aromatase/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Antagonistas de Hormônios/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Mifepristona/farmacologia , Tansulosina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Prenatal stress (PS) is a major risk factor for the development of emotional disorders in adulthood that may be mediated by an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress. Although the early onset of stress-related disorders is recognized as a major public health problem, to date, there are relatively few studies that have examined the incidence of early-life stressors in younger individuals. In this study, we assessed PS impact on the stress-coping response of juvenile offspring in behavioral tests and in the induced molecular changes in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we assessed if pregnancy stress could be driving changes in patterns of maternal behavior during early lactation. We found that PS modified stress-coping abilities of both sex offspring. In the hippocampus, PS increased the expression of bdnf-IV and crfr1 and induced sex difference changes on glucocorticoids and BDNF mRNA receptor levels. PS changed the hippocampal epigenetic landscape mainly in male offspring. Stress during pregnancy enhanced pup-directed behavior of stressed dams. Our study indicates that exposure to PS, in addition to enhanced maternal behavior, induces dynamic neurobehavioral variations at juvenile ages of the offspring that should be considered adaptive or maladaptive, depending on the characteristics of the confronting environment. Our present results highlight the importance to further explore risk factors that appear early in life that will be important to allow timely prevention strategies to later vulnerability to stress-related disorders.
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Adaptação Psicológica , Complicações na Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Restrição Física , Estresse Fisiológico , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/genética , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/biossíntese , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Corticosterona/sangue , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/biossíntese , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/genética , Teste de Labirinto em Cruz Elevado , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glucocorticoides/biossíntese , Glucocorticoides/genética , Hipocampo/embriologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/embriologia , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiopatologia , Lactação/fisiologia , Lactação/psicologia , Comportamento Materno , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/embriologia , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiopatologia , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Ratos Wistar , Receptor trkB/biossíntese , Receptor trkB/genética , Receptores de Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/biossíntese , Receptores de Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/biossíntese , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Restrição Física/efeitos adversos , Caracteres Sexuais , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , NataçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate self-reported stress level and coping ability as well as mental status (anxiety and depression) via the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) questionnaire and periodontal status among police academy recruits during their 8 months of training. METHODS: Eighty-five consenting police recruits were examined at baseline during the first month of training and again during the last month of training. Full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score, basic periodontal examination, self-reported stress level (scale of 1-10) and GHQ-12 questionnaire (mental status) were recorded at both visits. Ability to cope (yes/no) with stress was recorded at the final visit. Periodontal diagnosis was derived based on clinical examination. t test and regression analyses (p < .05) were performed. RESULTS: High stress (odds ratio: 1.25) and inability to cope with stress (odds ratio: 1.31) were statistically significant (p < .05) predictors of high FMPS. Inability to cope with stress (odds ratio: 1.45) was also a statistically significant (p < .05) predictor for periodontitis compared to gingivitis. Mental status (anxiety and depression) may play a greater role in gingivitis (mean 1.75) as opposed to periodontitis (mean 1.00) as reflected by the higher mean GHQ-12 (t test, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, both self-reporting of stress level and ability to cope with stress were statistically significant predictors of higher plaque score (FMPS). Ability to cope with stress was also a statistically significant predictor of periodontitis compared to gingivitis. Recording of both self-reported stress level and ability to cope may be valuable variables to note in the management of plaque and periodontal diseases.
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Adaptação Psicológica , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Polícia/estatística & dados numéricos , Autorrelato/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Questionário de Saúde do Paciente , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Doenças Periodontais/psicologia , Polícia/educação , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Objective To explore 1) if perfectionism, perceived distress/coping, and cognitive emotion regulation (CER) are associated with and predictive of negative/positive affect (NA/PA); and 2) if CER and perceived distress/coping are associated with perfectionism and if they mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations. There is a distinction between maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism in its association with NA/PA. CER and perceived distress/coping may mediate the maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and NA/PA associations. Methods 344 students (68.4% girls) completed the Hewitt & Flett and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results NA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive CER and perceived distress (positively), positive reappraisal and planning, and perceived coping (negatively). PA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and perceived distress (negatively), positive reappraisal and planning, positive refocusing and perceived coping (positively). The association between maladaptive perfectionism and NA was mediated by maladaptive CER/low adaptive CER, perceived distress/low coping. Maladaptive perfectionism and low PA association was mediated by perceived distress. High PA was determined by low maladaptive perfectionism and this association was mediated by adaptive REC and coping. Adaptive perfectionism and NA association was mediated by maladaptive CER and perceived distress. Conclusion CER and perceived distress/coping are associated and mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations.
Resumo Objetivo Explorar 1) se o perfeccionismo, o estresse/copingpercebidos e a regulação emocional cognitiva (REC) estão associadas e predizem o afeto negativo/positivo (AN/AP); e 2) se a REC e o estresse/copingestão associados e mediam a relação perfeccionismo-AN/AP. Existe uma distinção entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo na associação com o AN/AP. A REC e o estresse/copingpoderão mediar as associações entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo-AN/AP. Métodos 344 estudantes (68.4% do sexo feminino) completaram as Escalas Multidimensionais do Perfeccionismo de Hewitt & Flett e de Frost, a Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo Compósita, o Perfil dos Estados de Humor, a Escala de Estresse Percebido e o Questionário da Regulação Emocional Cognitiva. Resultados Os preditores do AN foram o perfeccionismo adaptativo/mal-adaptativo, a REC mal-adaptativa e o estresse percebido (positivamente), a reavaliação positiva e planeamento e o coping(negativamente). Os preditores do AP foram o perfeccionismo adaptativo/mal-adaptativo e o estresse percebido (negativamente), a reavaliação positiva e planeamento, a refocalização positiva e o copingpercebido (positivamente). A associação entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo e o AN foi mediada pela REC mal-adaptativa/baixa REC adaptativa, pelo estresse/baixo copingpercebidos. A associação entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo e baixo AP foi mediada pelo estresse percebido. O elevado AP foi determinado pelo baixo perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo e esta associação foi mediada pela REC adaptativa e pelo coping. A associação entre o perfeccionismo adaptativo e o AN foi mediada pela REC mal-adaptativa e pelo estresse percebido. Conclusão A REC e o estresse/copingpercebidos estão associados e medeiam as associações entre o perfeccionismo e AN/AP.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico , Adaptação Psicológica , Afeto , Inteligência Emocional , Perfeccionismo , Percepção , Testes Psicológicos , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Regressão , Cognição , Modelos PsicológicosRESUMO
Phenotypic sex differences in primates are associated with body differentiation during the early stages of life, expressed in both physiological and behavioral features. Hormones seem to play a pivotal role in creating a range of responses to meet environmental and social demands, resulting in better reactions to cope with challenges to survival and reproduction. Steroid hormones actively participate in neuroplasticity and steroids from both gonads and neurons seem to be involved in behavioral modulation in primates. Indirect evidence suggests the participation of sexual steroids in dimorphism of the stress response in common marmosets. This species is an important experimental model in psychiatry, and we found a dual profile for cortisol in the transition from juvenile to subadult, with females showing higher levels. Immature males and females at 6 and 9 months of age moved alone from the family group to a new cage, over a 21-day period, expressed distinct patterns of cortisol variation with respect to range and duration of response. Additional evidence showed that at 12 months of age, males and females buffered the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic stress. Moreover, chronic stressed juvenile marmoset males showed better cognitive performance in working memory tests and motivation when compared to those submitted to short-term stress living in family groups. Thus, as cortisol profile seems to be sexually dimorphic before adulthood, age and sex are critical variables to consider in approaches that require immature marmosets in their experimental protocols. Moreover, available cognitive tests should be scrutinized to allow better investigation of cognitive traits in this species.
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A Organização Mundial do Trabalho desde a década de 1940 considera problemática as condições de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde. Os ambientes em que atua esse grupo ocupacional apresentam riscos, em especial biológicos, químicos e de acidentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar por meio de um estudo de caso a relação entre a atividade de trabalho e a saúde de um técnico de enfermagem com 34 anos de experiência, e destacar os fenômenos psicológicos presentes nessa relação. A coleta de dados foi realizada com observações diretas assistemáticas e entrevistas semiestruturadas. O resultado do cruzamento das evidências empíricas mostrou que as variáveis excesso de carga horária, turnos alternados e ausência de acidentes de trabalho foram as que apresentaram maior relação com os fenômenos psicológicos envolvidos no desempenho das funções do participante ao longo de seu itinerário ocupacional. Durante 10 anos ele desempenhou suas atividades sob um regime de 28 horas ininterruptas em estado de vigília. O modelo de demanda e controle de Karasek auxiliou na compreensão da contribuição dessas condições de trabalho para o surgimento de uma arritmia cardíaca. A ausência de acidentes de trabalho no histórico ocupacional do participante foi conjeturada como resultado do coping eficaz manifestado por ele nas situações de estresse ocupacional desde o início como trabalhador da saúde.
The International Labour Organization considers problematic the conditions of work of theprofessionals of the health since the decade of 1940. The environments where this occupationalgroup acts present risks, specially biological, chemical and of accidents. The aim of this researchwas to investigate by case study the relationship between work activity and health of a nursingtechnician with 34 years of experience and to emphasize the psychological phenomena presentsin this relationship. The data collection was realized by no systematic direct observations andsemi-structured interviews. Results derived from the crossing of empirical evidences has shownthat variables hour load excess, alternate shifts and absence of work accidents were those had agreater relationship with the psychological phenomena involved in the participant's workthroughout his occupational history. For 10 years he had executed his activities under a systemof 28 uninterrupted hours in a state of wakefulness. Karasek's job strain model help to understandthe contribution of mentioned work conditions for the emergence cardiac arrhythmia. The fact ofabsence of work accidents in the occupational history was hypothesized how the result of thecoping expressed by him since his beginning health worker