RESUMO
Emergence of methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains is a major cause of infirmity worldwide and has limited our therapeutic options against these pathogens. In this regard, the search for candidates with an antimicrobial activity, with a greater efficacy and a lower toxicity, is necessary. As a result, there is greater need to search for resistance modifying agents which, in combination with existing drugs, will restore the efficacy of these drugs. The antibacterial effect of fluoxetine was determined by a broth microdilution method (the M07-A9 method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) and flow cytometry techniques in which the probable mechanism of action of the compound was also assessed. The isolates used in the study belonged to the Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN) of the Federal University of Ceará. After 24â¯h, Methicillin-resistant Sthaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showed fluoxetine MICs equal to 64⯵g/mL and 128⯵g/mL, respectively. Cytometric analysis showed that treatment with fluoxetine caused alterations to the integrity of the plasma membranes and DNA damage, which led to cell death, probably by apoptosis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA , Citometria de Fluxo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Os seres humanos vivem em constante relação com micro-organismos, comensais e patogênicos, que podem ameaçar a homeostase do hospedeiro. Espécies patogênicas apresentam mecanismos capazes de contornar as barreiras de defesa do hospedeiro, facilitando sua disseminação e proliferação nos tecidos invadidos. Cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos disponíveis surgem diariamente, por isso, é relevante encontrar métodos alternativos para controla-las. Produtos de plantas medicinais vem sendo investigados para essa finalidade. No presente estudo, foi avaliada a capacidade do extrato de C. longa em controlar infecções in vitro por S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans em macrófagos murinos (RAW 264.7). Para isto, foram aplicadas as concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM) do extrato vegetal nas infecções e por meio de análise da fagocitose foi analisado a contribuição delas para a eliminação destes micro-organismos. A viabilidade dos macrófagos foi analisada por meio de teste colorimétrico com corante vermelho neutro. Foram checadas a produção de citocinas inflamatórias (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α e IL-10) e óxido nítrico (NO), por ELISA e com reagente de Griess, respectivamente. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA e Tukey's Test (P ≤ 0.05). Foi verificado que o extrato de C. Longa auxiliou de maneira efetiva os macrófagos na fagocitose dos micro-organismos avaliados, apresentando reduções significativas de unidades formadoras de colônia por mililitro (UFC/mL), e atuou mediação da síntese de citocinas e NO. Os macrófagos apresentaram-se viáveis durante a infecção. Desta forma, foi constatado que o extrato de C. longa foi capaz de auxiliar in vitro os macrófagos na eliminação de S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans, além de proporcionar efeito imunomodulador na síntese de IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-10 e NO, no intuito de controlar as infecções microbianas in vitro(AU)
Humans live in constant contact with microorganisms, commensals and pathogens, which may threaten host homeostasis. Pathogenic species present mechanisms able circumventing the host defense barriers, facilitating their dissemination and proliferation in invaded tissues. Antimicrobial-resistant strains emerge daily, then it is important finding an alternative method to control them. Medicinal plant products have been investigated for this purpose. In this study, the ability of C. longa extract to control in vitro infections by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) was evaluated. For this, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the plant extract were used in the infections. Phagocytosis was analyzed to check if they would contribute to eliminate these microorganisms. The viability of the macrophages was analyzed by colorimetric test using neutral red dye. Productions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) and nitric oxide (NO) were verified during infection by ELISA and Griess's reagent, respectively. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's Test (P ≤ 0.05). C. Longa L. extract effectively assisted the macrophages in the phagocytosis of the evaluated microorganisms, presenting significant reductions of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL), and mediated the synthesis of cytokines and NO. In addition, macrophages were viable during infection. C. Longa L. extract assisted in vitro the macrophages in the elimination of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, promoting immunomodulatory effect in the synthesis of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-10 and NO, in order to control microbial infections in vitro(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Candida albicans , Curcuma/classificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/imunologia , Células RAW 264.7/patologiaRESUMO
La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad infrecuente en Pediatría asociada con una elevada mórbida-mortalidad. La epidemiología de la enfermedad ha cambiado en las últimas décadas preséntadose con mayor frecuencia en niños con cardiopatías congénitas y asociadas a la atención de la salud. El Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales agentes etiológicos y se asoma a un peor pronóstico y tasas de mortalidad más elevadas. En este artículo describimos una serie de tres casos de endocarditis infecciosa por Sthapylococcus aires en pacientes con diferentes factores de riesgo.
Infective endocarditis is an uncommon pediatric disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of the disease has changed in recent decades being more frequent in children with congenital heart disease. Staphylococcus aureus is common etiological agent and is associated with a worse prognosis and higher mortality rates. We describe a series of three cases of Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis in patients with different risk factors.
RESUMO
La osteomielitis es una infección de hueso y médula ósea, que se debe a la inoculación de un microorganismo ya sea por contigüidad, directa o hematógena. Esta genera inflamación aguda, aumento de la presión intraósea, trombosis e isquemia que derivan en necrosis ósea. Para establecer el diagnóstico son necesarios la historia clínica, el examen físico, estudios de gabinete así como de imagen, entre ellos rayos X, ultrasonido, TAC, RM y estudios de medicina nuclear.
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone and bone marrow, which is caused by the inoculation of a microorganism, either contiguous, directly or by hematogenous dissemination. The infection creates acute inflammation, increased intraosseous pressure, thrombosis and ischemia that result in bone necrosis. To establish the diagnosis medical history, physical examination, imaging studies and imaging, including X-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI and nuclear medicine studies are needed.