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This study investigated the effects of match location, quality of opposition (classified into: strong [1st to 4th position]; intermediate [5th to 15th position]; weak [16th to 20th position]), and match outcome on the match running performance of starters and non-starters from a top elite Brazilian soccer team. Absolute measures were calculated using total distance, high-speed (19.8-25.2 km·h-1), sprinting (≥ 25.2 km·h-1), total distance high-acceleration (> 2m·s2), and deceleration (< -2m·s2) were recorded by GPS units from a sample of young soccer players (N = 25) in a total of 17 matches. Relative measures were calculated by dividing absolute measures by the total duration of the matches. Non-starters covered greater total distance (p = 0.02), sprinting (p = 0.02), high-acceleration and deceleration (p = 0.04), sprinting distance relative per minute played (p = 0.005), and high-acceleration and deceleration relative per minute played (p < 0.001) when the team plays at home, strong opponents, and wins the matches. Starters covered greater total distance in high-speed running (p = 0.04), high-acceleration and deceleration (p = 0.03), and high-speed running relative per minute played (p = 0.04) when the team plays strong opponents and wins the matches. These findings highlight the impact of contextual factors during matches on the locomotor performance of young soccer players.

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Tyrosine metabolism has an intense role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Our study used an untargeted, sportomics-based analysis of urine samples to investigate changes in metabolism during a soccer match in 30 male junior professional soccer players. Samples were collected before and after the match and analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results showed significant changes in tyrosine metabolism. Exercise caused a downregulation of the homogentisate metabolites 4-maleylacetoacetate and succinylacetone to 20% (p = 4.69E-5) and 16% (p = 4.25E-14), respectively. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, a homogentisate precursor, was found to be upregulated by 26% (p = 7.20E-3). The concentration of hawkinsin and its metabolite 4-hydroxycyclohexyl acetate increased ~six-fold (p = 1.49E-6 and p = 9.81E-6, respectively). Different DOPA metabolism pathways were also affected by exercise. DOPA and dopaquinone increased four-to six-fold (p = 5.62E-14 and p = 4.98E-13, respectively). 3-Methoxytyrosine, indole-5,6-quinone, and melanin were downregulated from 1 to 25%, as were dopamine and tyramine (decreasing to up to 5% or 80%; p= 5.62E-14 and p = 2.47E-2, respectively). Blood TCO2 decreased as well as urinary glutathione and glutamate (40% and 10% respectively) associated with a two-fold increase in pyroglutamate. Our study found unexpected similarities between exercise-induced changes in metabolism and the inherited disorder Hawkinsinuria, suggesting a possible transient condition called exercise-induced hawkinsinuria (EIh). Additionally, our research suggests changes in DOPA pathways may be involved. Our findings suggest that soccer exercise could be used as a model to search for potential countermeasures in Hawkinsinuria and other tyrosine metabolism disorders.

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In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, perceived pain, and physical activity level among Brazilian practitioners of strength training (ST) and functional fitness (FF). Participants were 311 men and women who trained in 10 FF training centers and seven ST gyms. Each participant completed surveys of the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, their pain perception, and their physical activity level. A chi square test was used to analyze associations between groups and distributions of injuries. When any significant difference was observed, the difference score was analyzed through the adjusted residual values. Fisher's exact test was used to determined the associations between musculoskeletal injury prevalence and training modality (FF and ST) and between musculoskeletal injury prevalence and practice frequency (times/wk). To measure the magnitude of association between variables, the Phi coefficient was calculated for 2x2 associations and Cramer's V was used whenever the distributions were outside this standard. When the dependent variable presented a dichotomous characteristic, an Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. We found a higher musculoskeletal injury prevalence in the axial skeleton (n = 52; 83.88%) in FF practitioners and in the lower limbs of ST practitioners (n = 9; 52.96%). When the physical activity level cutoff point was set at 300 minutes per week, there was a significant relationship between physical activity and training modality (p = 0.005). There was also a significant association between pain perception and musculoskeletal injury (p < 0.001). Clinical follow-up was a protective factor to being injured (OR = 0.18; CI = 0.06-0.49), and, even after multivariate analysis this significant association was maintained (OR = 0.03; CI = 0.01 - 0.08). Thus, FF practitioners reported more musculoskeletal injuries than STs, and follow-up medical or physical therapy was a protective factor to these injuries. FF practitioners also had a higher level of weekly physical activity weekly than ST practitioners. Functional fitness practitioners may be at a higher risk of injuries than those who participate in traditional strength training.

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We aimed to assess the athletic performance changes in combat sport athletes (CoSAs) after plyometric-jump training (PJT), compared to control conditions, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched for includable articles, according to a PICOS approach. Using a random-effects model, Hedges' g effects sizes (ES) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, with values of <25%, 25-75%, and >75% representing low, moderate, and high levels of heterogeneity, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Twelve eligible articles were identified for systematic review, seven of high quality and five of moderate quality, according to the PEDro scale. The studies recruited taekwondo, silat, wrestling, judo, fencing, and karate athletes (292 total participants), including specific-active and active controls. Most participants had a mean age of <18 years and were males (n = 225). Compared to the control, PJT programmes, involving 4-12 weeks and 2-3 sessions per week, induced small to moderate improvements (ES = 0.47 to 1.04) in athletes' maximal strength (e.g., 1RM squat), vertical jump height, change-of-direction speed, and specific performance (e.g., fencing movement velocity), although without meaningful effects on body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass (ES = 0.02 to -0.06). Most (7 of 8) outcomes attained low heterogeneity. The outcome-level GRADE analysis indicated a certainty of evidence from low to moderate. In conclusion, PJT, when compared to control conditions, may improve CoSA athletic performance.

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No esporte, a presença das mulheres no cargo de treinadora ainda é baixa. Assim, analisou-se qualitativamente as experiências esportivas e as pessoas relevantes na trajetória de alunas(os) até a disciplina Treinadores e Treinadoras Esportivos do curso de Ciências do Esporte da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Utilizamos a Rappaport Timeline com 21 alunos e 8 alunas. As mulheres relataram influência de familiares e professoras(es) de Educação Física. Os homens apresentaram experiências positivas na escola. A representatividade e o acesso ao esporte foram favoráveis aos homens e desfavoráveis às mulheres. A menor presença de mulheres no curso, e como possíveis futuras treinadoras, está associada a uma trajetória de menos acessos e oportunidades de vivenciar o esporte ao longo da infância e juventude.

In sport the presence of women in the position of coach is still low. The sports experiences and the relevant people in the trajectory of the students were qualitatively analyzed until the discipline Sports Coaches and Trainers of the Sport Sciences course at the Campinas State University. We used Rappaport Timeline with 21 male and 8 female students. The women reported the influence of family members and Physical Education teachers. Men had positive experiences at school. Representativeness and access to sport were favorable to men and unfavorable to women. The lower presence of women on the course and as possible future coaches is associated with a trajectory of less access and opportunities to experience the sport.

En deporte la presencia de mujeres en los puestos de entrenador sigue siendo baja. Así analizamos cualitativamente las experiencias deportivas y las personas relevantes en la trayectoria de los estudiantes hasta la disciplina Entrenadores y Entrenadoras Deportivos de la carrera Ciencias del Deporte la Universidad Estadual de Campinas. Usamos Rappaport Timeline con 21 estudiantes varones y 8 mujeres. Las mujeres relataron la influencia de familiares y profesor(es) de Educación Física. Los hombres tuvieron experiencias positivas en la escuela. La representatividad y el acceso al deporte fueron favorables para los hombres y desfavorables para las mujeres. La menor presencia de mujeres en la cancha y como posibles futuras entrenadoras está asociada a una trayectoria de menor acceso y oportunidades para vivir el deporte.

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No esporte, a presença das mulheres no cargo de treinadora ainda é baixa. Assim, analisou-se qualitativamente as experiências esportivas e as pessoas relevantes na trajetória de alunas(os) até a disciplina Treinadores e Treinadoras Esportivos do curso de Ciências do Esporte da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Utilizamos a Rappaport Timeline com 21 alunos e 8 alunas. As mulheres relataram influência de familiares e professoras(es) de Educação Física. Os homens apresentaram experiências positivas na escola. A representatividade e o acesso ao esporte foram favoráveis aos homens e desfavoráveis às mulheres. A menor presença de mulheres no curso, e como possíveis futuras treinadoras, está associada a uma trajetória de menos acessos e oportunidades de vivenciar o esporte ao longo da infância e juventude (AU).

In sport the presence of women in the position of coach is still low. The sports experiences and the relevant people in the trajectory of the students were qualitatively analyzed until the discipline Sports Coaches and Trainers of the Sport Sciences course at the Campinas State University. We used Rappaport Timeline with 21 male and 8 female students. The women reported the influence of family members and Physical Education teachers. Men had positive experiences at school. Representativeness and access to sport were favorable to men and unfavorable to women. The lower presence of women on the course and as possible future coaches is associated with a trajectory of less access and opportunities to experience the sport (AU).

En deporte la presencia de mujeres en los puestos de entrenador sigue siendo baja. Así analizamos cualitativamente las experiencias deportivas y las personas relevantes en la trayectoria de los estudiantes hasta la disciplina Entrenadores y Entrenadoras Deportivos de la carrera Ciencias del Deporte la Universidad Estadual de Campinas. Usamos Rappaport Timeline con 21 estudiantes varones y 8 mujeres. Las mujeres relataron la influencia de familiares y profesor(es) de Educación Física. Los hombres tuvieron experiencias positivas en la escuela. La representatividad y el acceso al deporte fueron favorables para los hombres y desfavorables para las mujeres. La menor presencia de mujeres en la cancha y como posibles futuras entrenadoras está asociada a una trayectoria de menor acceso y oportunidades para vivir el deporte (AU).

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Creatine (CRE) and caffeine (CAF) have been used as ergogenic aids to improve exercise performance. The present study reviewed the current evidence supporting the additional use of CAF intake during or after the CRE loading on exercise performance. The search was carried out in eight databases, with the methodological quality of the studies assessed via the QualSyst tool. From ten studies that met the criteria for inclusion, six had strong, three moderate, and one weak methodological quality. CAF was ingested ∼1 h before the performance trial (5-7 mg.kg-1) after a CRE loading period (5-6 days with 0.3 g.kg-1.d-1) in five studies, with the combination CAF + CRE providing additional ergogenic effect compared to CRE alone in three of these studies. Furthermore, CAF was ingested daily during the CRE loading protocol in five studies, with CAF showing additive benefits compared to CRE alone only in one study (3 g.d-1 of CRE during 3 days + 6 mg.kg-1 of CAF for 3 days). The combination CAF + CRE seems to provide additional benefits to exercise performance when CAF is acutely ingested after a CRE loading. There is, however, no apparent benefit in ingesting CAF during a CRE loading period.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2007470.

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Abstract Aim: To characterize the goal-scoring patterns and investigate the goal process on match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019. Methods: A set of 35 goal-scoring patterns were grouped into nine macro-categories: Match-period, Court-zone, Set-play, Open-play, Touching by players before the goal, Offensive method, Goalkeeper-line, Number of passes before the goal, and Ball trajectory. Match outcome in regular time was considered the matches resulting in a loss (n=16), draw (n=8), or win (n=16). The offensive sequences that resulted in the goal were analyzed in all 20 matches during the competition (n=138 goals). Results: The most goals were scored in Open-play (69%), during the 2nd and 3rd periods (36% for each), near to goal (Zone 4; 50%), preceded by 1-touch (67%) and 0-pass (29%), using positional attack (46%), without goalkeeper-line (68%), and with high-ball trajectory (51%). In addition, won matches presented a higher number of goals in Zone 4, 1-touch, Counterattack, 4v4 goal-successful, Receiving pass, Sand-touch, and High-ball compared to draw and loss matches (p<0.001−0.03; Effect Size [ES]=1.24−2.58, large). Conclusion: In summary, winning teams scored their goals mainly in open-play situations and without a goalkeeper-line, using counterattacks to achieve zones near the opponent's goals, and implementing a direct offensive style. In addition, goals scored were usually preceded by 1-touch, both through high-ball and sand-touch ball trajectory. Coaches and practitioners may consider these goal processes to train prescription and deep understanding of the process to goal in elite Beach soccer.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the match running performance between bottom- and top-ranked teams in professional soccer players over the 2020 season of the Brazilian National 2nd Division League. In addition, this study verified the independent and interactive effects of playing position and contextual factors on running outputs between these teams. METHODS: Forty-eight professional male outfield soccer players participated in this study (top-ranked team, n = 24; bottom-ranked team, n = 24). The distance- and accelerometry-based measures were recorded during 69 matches using a global positioning system (10 Hz) integrated with an accelerometer (400 Hz). RESULTS: The top-ranked team covered greater total distance [median (interquartile range); 10,330.0 m (1430.0)] and high-acceleration [97.0 m (32.0)] than the bottom-ranked team, in home and away matches [p < 0.05, effect size (ES) = small]. The midfielders of the top-ranked team covered higher total distance, high-speed running (> 18 km h-1), high acceleration (≥ 3 m s-2), high-deceleration (≤ -3 m s-2), and performed more sprints [(> 25 km h-1) compared to midfielders of the bottom-ranked team (p < 0.05, η2 = small-moderate]. The matches against top-level opponents required high values of high-acceleration and number of sprints only for the top-ranked team (p < 0.05, ES = small). Independent analysis showed that match outcome (loss vs. draw vs. win) was not influenced by running performance for both bottom- and top-ranked teams (p > 0.05; η2 = small). However, the top-ranked team covered greater total distance, high-acceleration/deceleration than bottom-ranked team in loss matches (p < 0.05, η2 = small). CONCLUSIONS: These findings should be considered when the coaches and practitioners interpret the match running outputs and when evaluating the effects of training intervention on these performance indicators.

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The purpose of this study was to verify whether cooling between sets during high-intensity resistance exercise improves physical performance and to compare performance among different sites of cooling. It is important because delaying the muscular fatigue could improve total volume at a training session which could lead to greater hypertrophy. Nine healthy and recreational resistance training experienced men, performed six tests of a biceps curl exercise on different days. The first test was the one-repetition maximum test (1RM). Following, we applied five sessions, in crossover and randomized (counter-balanced) design. The subjects received different cooling strategies in each session for 1-min (inter-set rest interval): Control (C) (no Cooling); Palm Cooling (PC); Neck Cooling (NC); Local Cooling (LC) or Tunnel Temperature Cooling (TTC). We analyzed the maximum number of repetitions and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The Bayesian analysis showed that no cooling strategy was able to improve performance compared to control, and just NC, when compared to control, showed a 71% probability of increasing the total volume of repetitions. Also, RPE was not modulated by any cooling strategy compared to control, but NC has a chance to reduce individuals' RPE by 52%. In conclusion, no cooling strategy was efficient to improve physical performance during a high-intensity resistance exercise.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580711.].

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This study aimed to propose a conditioning activity (CA) model to stimulate improvement on neuromuscular responses, mechanical parameters and for the 50-m freestyle swimming. Thirteen male swimmers (19 ± 3 years and performances of 77% in relation to World Championship records) performed four CA protocols followed by a maximum performance in the 50-m freestyle. In the first protocol (P1) swimmers performed a standard warm-up (∼15 min); in the second protocol (P2) lunges (3 × 85% of the one-repetition maximum); in the third (P3) pull-ups (3 maximum repetitions) and box jumps 40 cm high and 60 cm deep (1 × 5 with 10% of the corporal weight); and in the fourth protocol (P4) a combination of exercises from the second and third protocols. CA protocols had no effect on the standard warm-up. However, P2 performance (27.01 ± 1.25 s) was similar to P1 (27.01 ± 1.18 s) and presented higher positive effects in mechanical parameters for the swim start performance in comparison to other protocols, contributing to improvements in the 50-m freestyle. In addition, turnaround time also had a negative effect, mainly in P3 (3.12 ± 0.28 s), signaling the improvement of this variable in all protocols (P1: 3.30 ± 0.38 s; P2: 3.17 ± 0.30 s; P4: 3.17 ± 0.34 s). P2 (after: 80 ± 11%; before: 82.7 ± 9.9%) and P3 (after: 82.7 ± 9.9%; before: 85.1 ± 9.7%) presented a possible positive effect on the percentage of voluntary activation in relation to P1 (after: 79.3 ± 10.7%; before: 76.3 ± 12%). In conclusion, the proposed conditioning activity protocols were not efficient for performance improvement in the 50-m freestyle compared to the standard model and seem to specifically influence each phase of the event.

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Neuromuscular fatigue evaluation is widely performed on different muscles through the conventional protocol using maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with electrical stimuli in the analyzed muscle. In an attempt to use this protocol on elbow extensor musculature, previous studies and pilot studies showed co-contraction effects from antagonist musculature during muscular stimulations. The aim of this study was to propose a new neuromuscular fatigue protocol evaluation on elbow extensor musculature. Twenty participants preformed exercises to induce central (CenFat) and peripheral fatigue (PerFat). Neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated on knee extensor muscles by a conventional protocol that provides Twitch Superimposed (TSK) and Twitch Potentiated (TPK), central and peripheral parameters respectively. For elbow extensor muscles, the protocol used sustained submaximal contraction at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of MVC. The neuromuscular fatigue in upper limbs was identified by Twitch Potentiated (TPE) and multiple Twitch Superimposed (TSE) parameters. Using the relationship between MVC (%) and evoked force, the proposed protocol used several TSE to provide slope, y-intercept and R 2. It is proposed that slope, R 2, and y-intercept change may indicate peripheral fatigue and the identified relationship between y-intercept and R 2 may indicate central fatigue or both peripheral and central fatigue. The results were compared using the non-parametric analyzes of Friedmann and Wilcoxon and their possible correlations were verified by the Spearmann test (significance level set at p < 0.05). After PerFat a decrease in TPE (57.1%, p < 0.001) was found but not in any TSE, indicating only peripheral fatigue in upper limbs. After CenFat a decrease in TPE (21.4%, p: 0.008) and TPK (20.9%, p < 0.001) were found but not in TSK, indicating peripheral fatigue in upper and lower limbs but not central fatigue. A non-significant increase of 15.3% after CenFat and a statistical reduction (80.1%, p: 0.001) after PerFat were found by slope. Despite R 2 showing differences after both exercises (p < 0.05), it showed a recovery behavior after CenFat (p: 0.016). Although PerFat provided only peripheral fatigue, CenFat did not provide central fatigue. Considering the procedural limitations of CenFat, parameters resulting from the proposed protocol are sensitive to neuromuscular alteration, however, further studies are required.

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BACKGROUND: Investigations of ß-alanine supplementation shows effects on metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic) participation and performance on swimming by a possible blood acidosis buffering. Considering this background, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of ß-alanine supplementation on metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m swim. METHODS: Thirteen competitive swimmers underwent a 6-week, double-blind placebo-controlled study, ingesting 4.8 g.day- 1 of ß-alanine or placebo. Before and after the supplementation period, the total anaerobic contribution (TAn) and 30-s all-out tethered swimming effort (30TS) were assessed. Anaerobic alactic (AnAl) and lactic energy (AnLa) was assumed as the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and net blood lactate accumulation during exercise (∆[La-]), respectively. Aerobic contribution (Aer) was determined by the difference between total energy demand and TAn. In addition to conventional statistical analysis (Repeated measures ANOVA; p > 0.05), a Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA was used to evidence the effect probability (BFincl). RESULTS: No differences and effects were found between groups, indicating no supplementation effects. Repeated measures ANOVA, with confirmation of effect, was indicate reduce in ∆Lactate (p: 0.001; BFincl: 25.02); absolute AnLa (p: 0.002; BFincl: 12.61), fatigue index (p > 0.001; BFincl: 63.25) and total anaerobic participation (p: 0.008; BFincl: 4.89). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the results demonstrated that all changes presented were evidenced as a result of exposure to the training period and ß-alanine supplementation doesn't affect metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m freestyle.

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This study aimed to quantify the weekly training load distributions according to match location, opponent standard, and match outcome in professional soccer players. Rate-of-perceived-exertion-based training load (sRPE) and distance- and accelerometry-based measures were monitored daily during 52 training sessions and 11 matches performed by 23 players. Athletes who played ≥ 60 min during non-congested weeks were considered for data analysis. The training days close to away matches (e.g., one day before the match = MD-1) presented greater sRPE, distance-based volume measures, and mechanical work (player load) compared to the training days close to home matches (p = 0.001-0.002; effect size (ES) = medium-large). The most distant days of the home matches (e.g., five days before the match = MD-5) presented higher internal and external loads than before away matches (p = 0.002-0.003, ES = medium). Higher sRPE, distance-based volume measures, and mechanical work were found during the middle of the week (e.g., three days before the match, MD-3) before playing against bottom vs. medium-ranking teams (p = 0.001-0.01, ES = small-medium). These metrics were lower in MD-5 before matches against bottom vs. medium-ranking opponents (p = 0.001, ES = medium). Higher values of all external load measures were observed during the training session before winning matches (MD-1) compared to a draw or loss (p < 0.001-0.001, ES = medium-large). In conclusion, the training load distribution throughout the week varied considerably according to match-contextual factors.

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Abstract Aims: This study aimed to analyze the influences of social isolation on the professional performance of Brazilian handball coaches and their expectations for the return of training sessions. Methods: Fifty-two handball coaches participated in this study (Mage=37.4 years; SDage=8.4), who coach U-8 to adult teams, and answered an online survey divided into two main sections: a) coaches' actions with athletes and/or teams throughout social isolation; b) professional learning during social isolation. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis and Thematic Analysis for qualitative data analysis. Results: The coaches mentioned that the contact with the teams has been made mostly with WhatsApp (94.2%) and Google Meet or Zoom (75.0%), in which coaches mainly emphasize physical fitness (69.2%) and tactical knowledge (67.3%). For professional learning, coaches are participating in online lectures (96.2%), and virtual meetings (92.3%). Coaches also seek content mainly related to teaching approaches (82.7%), and specific handball exercises (75.0%). Regarding expectations after the social isolation, coaches reported concern about uncertainties for sports practice (restriction of physical contact, decreased incentives for teams, and competitions) and possible psychological benefits (motivation to practice, overcoming difficulties, and learning new resources). Conclusion: The coaches revealed the concern about maintaining the athletes' performance during the social isolation, the uncertainties for the future of the teams, and the difficulties to use different resources for training. We suggested that the courses for coaches emphasize aspects that enable the learning of new technologies (e.g. social networks, video edition, and research platforms).

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ABSTRACT Objective: to verify blood markers during a 12-week training protocol and after Sao Paulo Marathon. Methods: Blood samples of 9 male marathoners were collected before (C1) and after (C2) 12-week training protocol, before (C3) and after (C4) marathon. Muscle and liver damage markers (creatine kinase [CK-MM], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress levels (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and serum iron concentration were measured. Results: changes were identified comparing moment C4 to other moments for CK-MM and iron. For AST, ALT, and TBARS no differences were identified. Conclusion: strenuous exercises might elicit changes on blood markers, needing follow up strategies to avoid impairments to athletes' performance and health.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar marcadores sanguíneos durante 12 semanas de treinamento e após a Maratona de São Paulo. Metodologia: amostras de sangue de 9 maratonistas foram coletadas antes (C1) e após (C2) o treinamento de 12 semanas, antes (C3) e após (C4) a maratona. Marcadores sanguíneos e hepáticos (creatina quinase [CK-MM], aspartato aminotransf. [AST], alanina aminotransf. [ALT]), níveis de estresse oxidativo (subst. reativas ácido tiobarbitúrico [TBARS]) e ferro sérico foram analisados. Resultados: Verificaram-se alterações de CK-MM e ferro entre C4 e os outros momentos. Para AST, ALT e TBARS não se encontrou diferenças. Conclusão: exercícios exaustivos podem causar alterações em marcadores sanguíneos, requerendo estratégias de monitoramento para evitar danos ao desempenho e saúde do atleta.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar marcadores sanguíneos durante 12 semanas de entrenamiento y después del Maratón de São Paulo. Metodología: muestras de sangre de 9 maratonistas fueron recogidas antes (C1) y después (C2) el entrenamiento, y antes (C3) y después (C4) a maratón. Se analizaron marcadores sanguíneos y hepáticos (creatina quinasa [CK-MM], aspartato aminotransf. [AST], alanina aminotransf. [ALT]), estrés oxidativo (sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico [TBARS]) y de hierro. Resultados: Se encontraron cambios comparando C4 y otros momentos para CK-MM y hierro. Para AST, ALT y TBARS no se encontraron diferencias. Conclusión: ejercicios extenuantes pueden causar cambios en marcadores sanguíneos, requiriendo estrategias de monitoreo para evitar daños al desempeño y salud del atleta.

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O estudo buscou conhecer os fatores que têm contribuído para os alunos das academias trocarem as esteiras pelas ruas. Para atingi-lo, foram entrevistados 10 corredores do sexo masculino e 10 do feminino. O tratamento das entrevistas se deu por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados desvelaram a composição de grupos, o discurso da saúde, a presença da competição e a cultura do consumo como os fatores que levam os alunos de academias às práticas de corridas de rua. Portanto, o estudo concluiu que a substituição das esteiras pelas ruas constitui uma decisão multifatorial.

The study sought to know the factors that have contributed to the students of the academies to change the mats through the streets. To reach it, 10 male and 10 female runners were interviewed. The interviews were handled through the content analysis technique. The results revealed the composition of groups, the health discourse, the presence of competition and the culture of consumption as the factors that lead the students of academies to the practices of street races. Therefore, the study concluded that replacing mats on the streets is a multifactorial decision.

El estudio buscó conocer los factores que han contribuido a que los estudiantes de las academias cambien las esteras por las calles. Para llegar, se entrevistó a 10 hombres y 10 mujeres. Las entrevistas se manejaron a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron la composición de los grupos, el discurso de la salud, la presencia de la competencia y la cultura del consumo como los factores que llevan a los estudiantes de las academias a las prácticas de las carreras callejeras. Por lo tanto, el estudio concluyó que reemplazar esteras en las calles es una decisión multifactorial.

RESUMO

As corridas de rua representam para os campos da Educação Física e do esporte um fenômeno de grandes proporções, tendo servido como objeto de estudo para compreender os efeitos fisiológicos sobre a saúde, as questões relacionadas aos mecanismos de lesão, melhora do desempenho de atletas e como forma de manifestação de lazer. Além disso, considerando o crescimento da prática da corrida de rua, o número de eventos e atletas, as academias, que se tornaram populares nos anos de 1980 e 1990, nos últimos anos, fornecem muitos corredores para as ruas. No entanto, os motivos que fazem os corredores associarem a corrida na esteira das academias às corridas de rua ainda são poucos conhecidos. Destarte, o objetivo da pesquisa foi revisitar a literatura e investigar as motivações, que têm implicado os corredores a associar as esteiras das academias com as corridas de rua. Para atingi-lo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de revisão narrativa nos principais periódicos da Educação Física brasileira e nas bases indexadoras SciELO e Google Acadêmico, tendo a busca sido realizada até 2014. Logo, como resultados a revisão contribui na medida em que desvela o sentimento gregário de grupo e a busca pela excitação, por meio do ambiente diversificado, alternativo e imprevisível das ruas, como os principais motivos que contribuem na associação que os corredores empregam das esteiras para as ruas. (AU).

The street running represents a phenomenon of great proportions for the fields of physical education and sport, having served as an object of study to understand the physiological effects on health, the questions related to the mechanisms of injury, improvement of the athletes performance and as a leisure manifestation.In addition, considering the growing practice of street running, the number of events and athletes, the gyms, which became popular in the 1980s and 1990s, in recent years, provide many runners to the streets. However, the motives that make runners associate the running in the treadmills in the gyms with the street runnings are still little known. Thus, the objective of the research was to revisit the literature and investigate the motivations that have implicated the runners to associate the treadmilss at the gyms with the street running. In order to reach this goal, a bibliographical research was carried out on the narrative review in the main Brazilian physical education journals and on the SciELO and Google Scholar index databases, and the search was carried out until 2014. As a result, the review contributes to the extent that it reveals the gregarious group feeling and the quest for excitement through the diversified, alternative and unpredictable environment of the streets as the main motives that contribute to the association that runners employ from the treadmills to the streets. (AU)

RESUMO

“Licere: Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer/UFMG” é um periódico trimestral, lançado em 1998, dedicado a discutir a temática lazer em suas múltiplas dimensões, a partir de uma ótica multidisciplinar. Nesse artigo não pretendemos fazer uma apresentação dos “números” que marcam sua trajetória (acesso, artigos recebidos, artigos recusados etc.), mas sim entabular uma refl exão sobre seus caminhos, que têm relação com a própria conformação dos Estudos do Lazer no Brasil. O olhar que lançamos é fruto não só de nossa experiência como editores, mas também do que observamos como autores e pareceristas de outras revistas, notadamente daquelas relacionadas às Ciências do Esporte, com as quais Licere possui relações em função de coincidências históricas.

“Licere: Journal of the Pós-Graduated Program in Leisure Studies/UFMG” is a quarterly journal, launched in 1998, dedicated to discussing the theme leisure in its multiple dimensions, from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this article we do not intend to make a presentation of the “numbers” that mark his career (access, articles received, rejected papers etc), but engage in a refl ection on the journal trajectory, who are related to the conformation of Leisure Studies in Brazil. The look that we have launched not only is the result of our experience as editors, but also what we observe as authors and reviewers of other journals, especially those related to Sports Science, with which relations have Licere due to historical coincidences.

“Licere: Revista del Programa de Posgrado en Estudios del Ocio/UFMG” es una revista trimestral, lanzada en 1998, dedicada a discutir el tema de ocio en sus múltiples dimensiones, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. En este artículo no pretendemos hacer una presentación de los “números” que marcan su carrera (acceso, artículos recibidos, artículos rechazados, etc.), pero hacer una refl exión sobre la trayectoria del periódico, que se relaciona con la conformación de los Estudios del Ocio en Brasil. La mirada lanzada no sólo es el fruto de nuestra experiencia como editores, sino también lo que observamos como autores y evaluadores de otras revistas, en especial las relacionadas con las Ciencias del Deporte, con la que tiene relaciones Licere debido a coincidencias históricas.