RESUMO

Abstract Information regarding species occurrence is fundamental to understanding biodiversity distribution. However, the biodiversity from the west of the state of Paraná has been historically less studied, especially amphibians and reptiles. For this reason, we present the first reptile list of species from the west of the state of Paraná and extend the current list of anurans for the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu. The species list was based on a systematic field study conducted at Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista (RBV) a conservation area within the Hydroelectric Power Itaipu Binacional. We integrated the species list with previous species observations available in the literature for the same place where our sampling was conducted. A total of 41 species of amphibians and reptiles are presented. All amphibians species found were recorded in the field; however, from the 22 species of reptiles recorded, three were historical records obtained before this study. Species were all classified as Least Concern and/or had stable populational status according to the IUCN. Sampling sufficiency was achieved for anurans but not for reptiles, probably due to low abundance of several snake species. The most abundant species of anuran was Dendropsophus nanus, from the Hylidae family, whereas Leptodactylus plaumanni and Scinax squalirostris were represented by only one individual each. The lizard Salvator merianae was the most abundant reptile, and seven species were represented by only one individual each. The most successful sampling method for adult anurans was active search in water bodies whereas most of reptile species were observed by accidental encounters and not through a systematic sampling method. We found that herpetofauna composition from RBV was similar to other communities from Paraná state that also occur within the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Finally, as additional information to the species list, we offer species identification keys and discuss the importance of Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista to harbor the anuran and reptile diversity of the region.

Resumo Informações sobre a ocorrência de espécies são fundamentais para a compreensão da distribuição da biodiversidade. Porém, a biodiversidade do oeste do Estado do Paraná tem sido historicamente menos estudada, especialmente a de anfíbios e répteis. Por esse motivo, apresentamos a primeira lista de espécies de répteis do oeste do Estado do Paraná e ampliamos a lista atual de anuros para o município de Foz do Iguaçu. A lista de espécies foi baseada em um estudo sistemático de campo realizado em uma área de conservação dentro da Usina Hidrelétrica Itaipu Binacional. Integramos a lista de espécies com observações de espécies anteriores disponíveis na literatura para o mesmo local onde nossa amostragem foi realizada. Um total de 41 espécies são apresentadas. Todas as espécies de anuros encontradas foram registradas em campo; entretanto, das 22 espécies de répteis registradas, três foram registros obtidos antes deste estudo. Todas as espécies foram classificadas como "Pouco Preocupante" e/ou tinham status de "População Estável" de acordo com a IUCN. A suficiência amostral foi alcançada para anuros, mas não para répteis, provavelmente devido à baixa abundância de diversas espécies de serpentes. A espécie de anuro mais abundante foi Dendropsophus nanus, da família Hylidae, enquanto Leptodactylus plaumanni e Scinax squalirostris foram representados por apenas um indivíduo cada. O lagarto Salvator merianae foi o réptil mais abundante, e sete espécies foram representadas por um indivíduo cada. O método de amostragem mais bem sucedido para anuros adultos foi a busca ativa em corpos d'água, enquanto a maioria das espécies de répteis foi observada por encontros acidentais e não através de um método de amostragem sistematizado. Descobrimos que a composição da herpetofauna do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista foi semelhante à de outras comunidades do estado do Paraná que também ocorrem dentro da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Por fim, como informações adicionais à lista de espécies, oferecemos chaves de identificação das espécies e discutimos sobre a importância da área de Itaipu para abrigar a diversidade de anuros e répteis da região.

RESUMO

We recorded the parasitic fauna of Hoplias malabaricus in a Neotropical River from southeastern Brazil, the Jacaré-Pepira River, in the Tietê-Batalha River Basin. The objective of this study was to inventory the composition of the parasitic fauna of H. malabaricus collected, through ecological and biodiversity approaches. A total of 30 specimens of H. malabaricus were collected in 2018 using fishing nets. Parasites were prevalent in 96.6% of the hosts, with 710 parasites specimens collected, divided into 22 species from 4 different taxa (i.e., Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala). This was the first survey about the parasitic fauna of H. malabaricus in this river, where three species are new records for this host (i.e., Gussevia sp. 1, Gussevia sp. 2, and Raphidascaris sp.). All species found are new records for the Jacaré-Pepira River, which together with all the data obtained in the study, collaborates to increase knowledge and understanding of the global fish parasite biodiversity.

Aqui são apresentados os registros da fauna parasitária de Hoplias malabaricus em um rio neotropical do Sudeste do Brasil, o rio Jacaré-Pepira, localizado na bacia hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré. Trinta espécimes de H. malabaricus foram coletados em 2018 usando-se redes de espera. Parasitos foram prevalentes em 96,6% dos hospedeiros, com 710 espécimes coletados, divididos em 22 espécies de quatro diferentes taxas (monogenea, digenea, nematoda e acanthocephala). Esse foi o primeiro levantamento da fauna parasitária de H. malabaricus nesse rio, onde três espécies de parasitos são novos registros nesse hospedeiro (Gussevia sp. 1, Gussevia sp. 2 e Raphidascaris sp.). Além disso, todas as espécies de parasitos identificadas são novos registros para a localidade, que juntamente com todos os dados obtidos no estudo vão colaborar para melhor conhecimento e entendimento da biodiversidade global de parasitos de peixes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world due to the extensive environmental impact it has endured throughout history. Only 12.4% of its original vegetation is estimated to remain. Even though reduced and highly fragmented, it houses enormous biodiversity, and its preservation is paramount to the maintenance of the country's fauna, flora, funga and microbiota. One of the most efficient measures adopted by public agencies aimed at protecting biodiversity has been the creation of conservation units. To evaluate the preservation state of protected areas, several environmental studies have been performed; species inventories are one among them. Ants are excellent bioindicators, for they are not only sensitive to environmental changes, but they also have a history of being used in impact assessment (i.e., fragmentation). In this study we assessed the ant communities inhabiting the leaf litter in areas with different regeneration states at the RPPN Botujuru ­ Serra do Itapety (Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo ­ Brazil). Mini-Winkler traps were used in the ant survey, and diversity analyses were performed. In total, we recorded 86 species of ants, with a highlight to Camponotus cillae Forel, 1912, a species that remained unrecorded for the state of São Paulo for over 100 years, and a possible new species of Octostruma Forel, 1912. Overall, the species found show that the areas are in the process of natural regeneration. Our data on RPPN Botujuru is unprecedented, and our species list has the potential of being used as an effective monitoring tool for this conservation unit.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract This study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Loreto department. Located in the northeast of the country, Loreto is the most geographically extensive region in the Peruvian territory. Despite the increase in fish collections in Loreto in recent years, the ichthyofauna of this department needs to be more documented. Based on a database of scientific collections and bibliographic information, an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes from Loreto is presented. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 873 species distributed in 331 genera, 50 families and 15 orders. The main groups are Characiformes (42.6%), Siluriformes (34.8%), Gymnotiformes (8.6%) and Cichliformes (7.4%). Part of the ichthyofauna has restricted distribution for Loreto (4.7%). In addition, 9.0% of species from Loreto are used in fisheries. Meanwhile, 219 species (25%) were categorized according to the IUCN criteria where only six species (0.7%) are currently considered threatened species (CR, EN or VU). The results presented in this work indicate that this department needs more studies to know the biodiversity of fish, likewise, the information presented constitutes a contribution to the knowledge of fish diversity that would support environmental management actions and decision-making aimed at conserving one of the most diverse departments of Peru.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta una revisión de los registros de especies de peces, publicados y no publicados, del departamento de Loreto. Localizado al noreste del país, Loreto es el departamento más extenso del territorio peruano. A pesar del incremento en el número de las colectas de peces en Loreto en años recientes, la ictiofauna de este departamento necesita ser más documentada. Sustentado en los registros en bases de datos de colecciones científicas e información bibliográfica, se presenta una actualización de la lista de peces de agua dulce de Loreto. Los resultados revelaron una ictiofauna rica y diversificada, con 873 especies, distribuidas en 331 géneros, 50 familias y 15 órdenes. Los principales taxones fueron Characiformes (42.6%), Siluriformes (34.8%), Gymnotiformes (8.6%) y Cichliformes (7.4%). Parte de la ictiofauna tiene distribución restricta para Loreto (4.7%). Además, 9.0% de las especies son usadas en pesquerías de Loreto. Mientras tanto, 219 (25%) especies fueron categorizadas de acuerdo con los criterios de la IUCN, donde sólo seis especies (0.7%) son consideradas actualmente especies amenazadas (CR, EN o VU). Los resultados presentados en este trabajo señalan que este departamento necesita más estudios para conocer la biodiversidad de peces, así mismo, la información presentada constituye un aporte al conocimiento de la biodiversidad íctica que respaldarían las acciones de gestión ambiental y toma de decisiones destinados a conservar uno de los departamentos más diversos del Perú.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Species lists are fundamental for knowledge of species diversity in regions subject to intense anthropogenic pressure, especially in poorly-studied ecosystems. The dataset comes from an inventory conducted in 30 fragments of Myrtaceae swamp forest, located in an agroforestry matrix landscape of the coastal La Araucanía Region in Chile. The data collection was carried out using line transect sampling, which was traced through the core of each fragment orientated towards its longest axis. The dataset provides a record of 55 species (24 trees, 1 vine [as a host], 16 herbs and 15 shrubs) including accidental epiphytes (n = 7), hemiparasites (n = 4), host (n = 10) and additionally woody debris (n = 36). The most frequent trees in the landscape were Myrceugenia exsucca (n = 36 records) and Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii (n = 33 records), species that were also the most common hosts. Drimys winteri was a companion species, other trees and shrubs generally being rarely observed, as was the case of the introduced species (Prunus avium, Rubus constrictus and Ulex europaeus). Branches were the most common microhabitat for hemiparasites. Within this group, Lepidoceras chilense was the most frequent species. For accidental epiphytes, Drimys winteri, which commonly grows on the ground (soil), were the most common species found in the main trunk crotch. Some unusual observations were the climber Cissus striata as host of Tristerix corymbosus (hemiparasite) and Tristerix corymbosus as host of Lepidoceras chilense (hemiparasite). NEW INFORMATION: This study represents a landscape-scale sample of the swamp forest, which is distributed in a dispersed pattern over a large stretch of Chile. The data were collected from 30 forest patches (from 0.05 to 936 ha), located on the coast of the Araucanía. The database includes the presence of 55 species of vascular plants in 356 records. The main novelty of this contribution is the systematic classification of species under six traits, never before reported in the same database: (i) condition (coarse woody debris, fallen log, live, snag), (ii) habit (herb, shrub, tree), (iii) growth microhabitat (e.g. tree trunk, branch, main trunk crotch), (iv) growth form (accidental epiphyte, hemiparasite, terricolous, vegetative), (v) host species (as appropriate) and (vi) relative location of the species in the sampled patch and surrounding areas (core, border, matrix). Species not previously observed in these forests were: Gavilea spp., Hieracium spp., Lophosoria quadripinnata, Berberis actinacantha, Gaultheria phillyreifolia, Ovidia pillo-pillo, Amomyrtus meli and Caldcluvia paniculata. In addition, two introduced species are novelties for the catalogue of vascular plants of Chile (Cupressus macrocarpa and Prunus avium). Several of these ecosystem traits are indeed new reports for these types of forests (e.g. accidental epiphytes, fallen logs, species-host relationship); at the same time, more frequent data (i.e. species composition, habit) are found in different contributions, making the comprehensive process of analysis difficult. Accordingly, the database is made available in this manuscript.

RESUMO

Abstract: The objective of this study was to inventory the community of cladocerans associated with macrophytes in oxbow lakes of the Chandless River, located within the Chandless State Park, during the local dry season. In three lakes covered with macrophytes, 90 sample units were collected, arranged over nine transects. Twenty species of cladocerans were found, which 16 are new records for the state of Acre. Mascote Lake had the largest abundance and richness, while São João Lake had the lowest indexes. The Shannon-Wiener index points to an average diversity within the work area, probably due to the difference in richness and abundance between the lakes.

Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi inventariar a comunidade de cladóceros associados às macrófitas aquáticas em três lagos de meandro do rio Chandless, dentro do Parque Estadual Chandless, no período da estação seca local. Em três lagos com cobertura de macrófitas foram amostradas noventa unidades amostrais, dispostas ao longo de nove transectos. Foram encontradas vinte espécies de cladóceros, sendo que dessas dezesseis são novos registros para o estado do Acre. O lago Mascote foi o que apresentou maior abundância e riqueza, enquanto o lago São João foi o que apresentou as menores. O índice de Shannon-Wiener aponta para uma diversidade dentro de valores locais conhecidos, provavelmente por conta da diferença da riqueza e da abundância entre os lagos.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Conservation of tropical freshwater fauna requires a solid understanding of species biodiversity patterns. We provide an up to date annotated list of Odonata of Puerto Rico, which is based on current reports. The list is complemented with notes on the geographic and altitudinal distribution of this order on the island. We also compare current composition relative to early reports conducted when Puerto Rico was mostly an agricultural region. METHODS: We surveyed adult Odonata all over Puerto Rico with the aid of undergraduate students. Students were trained on capturing, preserving, and data basing specimens. All material was centralized, identified by the lead author, and deposited in the Zoology Museum at the University of Puerto Rico (MZUPR), Río Piedras campus. Surveys were complemented with focal collections by the authors and a literature review of published records for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. We requested records from specialists to obtain the most complete list of species for the island. RESULTS: An annotated list of Odonata from Puerto Rico is presented, reporting 49 species distributed in two suborders and four families. We provide information on species distribution among municipalities and elevations around Puerto Rico. A historic list of species was developed for the 1930s-1940s, when agriculture covered most of Puerto Rico, based on literature and museum specimens. Both current and historic records are similar and suggest that the Odonata fauna is dominated by generalist species and has changed little since the agricultural period. Our list provides a point of reference to understand biodiversity patterns in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean and for assessing the effects of land use change on aquatic insect diversity.

RESUMO

Abstract: The Paranapanema River is an important, extensively explored tributary of the Upper Paraná River basin. The fish fauna of the Paranapanema River has been investigated since the 1990s; however, no study has characterized the richness of fish species throughout the basin, including the main channel of the river, marginal lagoons, its tributaries, and sub-tributaries. Thus, we performed a review with 90 independent studies conducted at the upper, middle, and lower sections of the basin. We recorded 225 species, of which 165 were native, and 60 were non-native. We found that 77% of the species within the basin are composed by Siluriformes and Characiformes. Cichliformes had a significant number of non-native species established in impoundment sections of the basin. Incidence-Based Estimators (Bootstrap and Chao 2) demonstrated that the richness of native species is still underestimated. Some native (e.g., Hypostomus ancistroides) and non-native species (e.g., Plagioscion squamosissimus) are widely distributed in the basin, while others had a more restricted distribution. Among the registered species, the family Bryconidae had the highest number of representatives with threatened conservation status. In addition, we observed that the Capivara Reservoir and its tributaries were the most sampled regions, with the majority of studies performed in the Lower Paranapanema basin. The species richness recorded in large tributaries, such as Tibagi, Cinzas, Congonhas, and Pirapó rivers is critical for maintaining the fish fauna in the Paranapanema River. Our contribution may be used to support management actions and conservation strategies, as well as to indicate regions in the basin that need to be better inventoried.

Resumo: O rio Paranapanema é um importante tributário, amplamente explorado da bacia do Alto rio Paraná. A fauna de peixes do rio Paranapanema vem sendo investigada desde a década de 1990; no entanto, nenhum estudo caracterizou a riqueza de espécies de peixes em toda a bacia, incluindo o canal principal do rio, lagoas marginais, seus tributários e sub-tributários. Assim, realizamos uma revisão com 90 estudos independentes conduzidos nas regiões superior, média e inferior da bacia. Foram registradas 225 espécies, das quais 165 eram nativas e 60 eram não nativas. Verificamos que 77% das espécies dentro da bacia são compostas por Siluriformes e Characiformes. Cichliformes apresentou um número significativo de espécies não nativas estabelecidas em áreas de represamento da bacia. Estimadores de riqueza baseados em incidência (Bootstrap e Chao 2) demonstraram que a riqueza de espécies nativas ainda é subestimada. Algumas espécies nativas (e.g., Hypostomus ancistroides) e não nativas (e.g., Plagioscion squamosissimus) estão amplamente distribuídas na bacia, enquanto outras tem sua distribuição mais restrita. Entre as espécies registradas, a família Bryconidae obteve o maior número de representantes com status de conservação ameaçado. Além disso, observamos que o reservatório de Capivara e seus afluentes foram as regiões mais amostradas, sendo a maioria dos estudos realizados na bacia do baixo Paranapanema. A riqueza de espécies registrada em grandes afluentes, como os rios Tibagi, Cinzas, Congonhas e Pirapó, é fundamental para a manutenção da ictiofauna no rio Paranapanema. Nossa contribuição pode ser usada para apoiar ações de manejo e estratégias de conservação, bem como para indicar regiões na bacia que precisam ser melhor inventariadas.

RESUMO

La mastofauna del Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) es conocida principalmente por entrevistas a pobladores locales. Este artículo presenta una lista de mamíferos medianos y grandes en base a evaluaciones con cámaras trampa y su verificación con entrevistas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron entre diciembre del 2014 y noviembre del 2018, con un esfuerzo de 2970 trampas cámara/día, consiguiéndose 1640 registros independientes. Se registró 19 especies silvestres, cuatro de las cuales son nuevos registros para el PNTM (la zarigüeyita acuática Chironectes minimus, el margay Leopardus wiedii, la tigrina Leopardus tigrinus y el osito cangrejero Procyon cancrivorus), tres son nuevos para las yungas peruanas (L. wiedii, el ronsoco Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris y la nutria Lontra longicaudis) y dos (H. hydrochaeris y L. wiedii) tienen el récord de altitud en el Perú. Se elaboró patrones de actividad horaria para las nueve especies con más de 10 registros. Ocho de ellos coinciden con lo publicado anteriormente, mientras que el patrón conseguido para el machetero Dynomis branicki es el primero elaborado en condiciones de silvestría. Tanto la presencia de varias especies de predadores como la normalidad de los patrones de actividad encontrados sugieren un buen estado de conservación del bosque en el PNTM. En conclusión, el muestreo con cámaras trampapermitió la obtención de una lista confiable y bastante completa de los mamíferos medianos y grandes de hábitos terrestres del PNTM, además de datos sobre su distribución y ecología.

The mammal fauna of the Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM) mainly is known for local people interviews. In this work, using camera traps and its verification by interviews to local people we report medium and large mammals list of the PNTM. Evaluations were realized between December 2014 and November 2018. Sampling effort was of 2970 camera traps/day, with 1640 independent records. Nineteen wild species were recorded, four of which were new reports to the PNTM (the water opossum Chironectes minimus, the margay Leopardus wiedii, the Northern tiger cat Leopardus tigrinus and the crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus), three were new reports for the Peruvian yungas (L. wiedii, the capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis) and two (H. hydrochaeris and L. wiedii) have been registered as its higher altitude record in Peru. Activity patterns were elaborated for the nine species with more than 10 records. Eight of them are coincided with the previously published. Activity pattern of pacarana (Dynomis branicki) is the first one elaborated in wild conditions. The presence of several predator species and normal activity patterns, would be suggest a good state of forest conservation in the PNTM. In conclusion, the sampling using camera traps allow to obtain a reliable and fairly complete list of the medium and large terrestrial mammals of the PNTM, as well as data on their distribution and ecology.

RESUMO

Eastern Panamá is within the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot and supports an understudied amphibian fauna. Here we characterize the amphibian diversity across an elevational gradient in one of the least studied mountain ranges in eastern Panamá, Serranía de Majé. A total of 38 species were found, which represent 17% of all species reported for Panamá. Based on expected richness function and individual-based rarefaction curves, it is estimated that this is an underestimate and that at least 44 amphibian species occur in this area. Members of all three amphibian orders were encountered, represented by ten families and 22 genera, including five species endemic to Central America. Estimated species richness decreased with elevation, and the mid-elevation site supported both lowland and highland species. Our study provides a baseline for understanding the distribution pattern of amphibians in Panamá, for conservation efforts, and for determining disease-induced changes in amphibian communities.

RESUMO

In order to document the species richness of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and their distributions in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, collecting trips were conducted to all physiographic regions (Coastal Plain of North Gulf, Sierra Madre Oriental, and Neo-volcanic Axis) and subregions of the state. Additionally, mosquito specimens from Hidalgo deposited in the Collection of Arthropods of Medical Importance (CAIM) were reexamined. A total of 3225 specimens were collected and studied and an additional 69 pinned mosquitoes and 15 microscope slides in CAIM were examined. The two Culicidae subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae, 8 tribes, 12 genera, 24 subgenera, and 56 species were documented. Of these, 4 tribes, 7 genera, 13 subgenera, and 26 species are new records for the mosquito fauna of Hidalgo. Nine species previously recorded were not found in the collections made during this study. Taxonomic notes, new distribution records, and comments about the medical importance of the species found are included.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Galls are structures produced by plants in response to the activity of several types of organisms. Gall-inducing species have a close relationship with their host plant, as their habitat is largely restricted to the gall and the plant organ in which it develops. All plant organs are susceptible to gall induction by insects, the leaves being the most vulnerable. Knowledge about interactions between gall-inducing insects and plants is fragmented and incomplete in Argentina. In this study, we completed an inventory of galls induced by insects on plants in Córdoba (central Argentina) using information from field surveys and a review of the literature. We also focused on the frequency of plant-insect taxonomic associations and plant organs most commonly attacked by gall-inducing insects. Field surveys were performed systematically in 26 sites of Chaco Serrano, which were visited five times in two consecutive years, and in 17 sites of the province, which were sampled one or two times each. A comprehensive literature search of electronic and conventional databases was also conducted to complete the inventory. A total of 99 gall morphospecies on 58 plant species (21 families and 44 genera) were recorded through both field surveys and a literature review, enlarging the list of species available for the region by almost 50 %. Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the plant families most attacked by galling insects, in partial concordance with the most species-rich plant families in the region. Diptera, particularly the family Cecidomyiidae, was the most species-rich group in the community of galling insects, which is in agreement with different studies across the globe. Baccharis was the genus displaying the highest number of gall morphotypes, followed by Acacia, Condalia, Geoffroea, Prosopis and Schinus. Almost 60 % of the morphotypes were stem galls, a pattern uncommon in the literature. Fusiform and globoid-shaped galls were predominant. Our study highlights the scarce knowledge there is about the interactions between plants and gall-inducing insects in Argentina, particularly those involving species of Cecidomyiidae, with more than 30 undescribed species. Possible mechanisms involved in the predominance of stem galls in central Argentina are discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1135-1148. Epub 2018 September 01.

Resumen Las agallas son estructuras producidas por las plantas en respuesta a la actividad de diversos tipos de organismos, los cuales establecen una estrecha relación con sus especies hospedantes, ya que su hábitat está restringido en gran medida a la agalla y al órgano vegetal donde la agalla se desarrolla. Todos los órganos vegetales son susceptibles a la inducción de agallas por insectos, siendo las hojas los más frecuentemente atacados. En Argentina, el conocimiento de estas interacciones es fragmentando e incompleto. En el presente estudio, se realizó un inventario de agallas inducidas por insectos utilizando información obtenida de muestreos a campo y revisión bibliográfica. También nos enfocamos en las asociaciones taxonómicas insecto-planta más frecuentes y en los órganos vegetales más atacados por los insectos cecidógenos. Se realizaron muestreos a campo en 26 sitios localizados en el Chaco Serrano, que fueron visitados cinco veces en dos años consecutivos y en otros 17 sitios, distribuidos en la provincia de Córdoba, que fueron visitados una o dos veces. Además se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos electrónicas (disponibles en internet) y convencionales. Un total de 99 agallas en 58 especies vegetales (21 familias y 44 géneros) fueron registradas a través de los muestreos en el campo y la revisión bibliográfica, ampliando el número de interacciones previamente conocidas en al menos un 50 %. Las familias vegetales más atacadas fueron Asteraceae y Fabaceae, coincidiendo con las familias vegetales más diversas de la región. La familia Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) presentó el mayor número de especies, en concordancia con diversos estudios alrededor del mundo. Baccharis fue el género vegetal que mayor número de morfotipos de agallas albergó, seguido por Acacia, Condalia, Geoffroea, Prosopis y Schinus. Al menos el 60 % de morfotipos registrados se presentaron en tallos, un patrón poco común en la bibliografía. Las formas predominantes fueron fusiforme y globoide. Nuestra investigación revela el escaso conocimiento sobre la comunidad de insectos cecidógenos y sus agallas en Argentina, particularmente de las inducidas por especies de la familia Cecidomyiidae, con más de 30 especies aún no descritas. Se discuten posibles mecanismos involucrados en la predominancia de agallas caulinares en el centro de Argentina.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Lauxaniidae is one of the largest Diptera Schizophora families, worldwide in distribution, very common in tropical areas. The family comprises about 1,550 species. Adults may be small to moderately large (2-11 mm), varied in color patterns, often with marks, spots, bands, or reticulating patterns. Larval lauxaniids are widely documented as saprophages, feeding in a diverse array of decaying plant matter, and even feeding in flower heads. Adults are fungal grazers on leaves. The Brazilian fauna of lauxaniids comprises at the moment 74 species of which 8 have been recorded from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

RESUMO Lauxaniidae é uma das maiores famílias de Diptera Schizophora, com distribuição mundial, muito abundante nas áreas tropicais. A família está composta por cerca de 1.550 espécies. Os adultos apresentam o corpo pequeno a relativamente grande (2-11 mm), com coloração variada, muitas vezes com marcas, manchas, listras ou padrões reticulados. As larvas são conhecidas como saprófagas, alimentando-se em uma variedade de matéria vegetal em decomposição e mesmo em capítulos de flores. Adultos são raspadores de fungos em folhas. A fauna brasileira de Lauxaniidae compreende, até o momento, 74 espécies das quais 8 possuem registro assinalado para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul.

RESUMO

Lauxaniidae is one of the largest Diptera Schizophora families, worldwide in distribution, very common in tropical areas. The family comprises about 1,550 species. Adults may be small to moderately large (2-11 mm), varied in color patterns, often with marks, spots, bands, or reticulating patterns. Larval lauxaniids are widely documented as saprophages, feeding in a diverse array of decaying plant matter, and even feeding in flower heads. Adults are fungal grazers on leaves. The Brazilian fauna of lauxaniids comprises at the moment 74 species of which 8 have been recorded from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Lauxaniidae é uma das maiores famílias de Diptera Schizophora, com distribuição mundial, muito abundante nas áreas tropicais. A família está composta por cerca de 1.550 espécies. Os adultos apresentam o corpo pequeno a relativamente grande (2-11 mm), com coloração variada, muitas vezes com marcas, manchas, listras ou padrões reticulados. As larvas são conhecidas como saprófagas, alimentando-se em uma variedade de matéria vegetal em decomposição e mesmo em capítulos de flores. Adultos são raspadores de fungos em folhas. A fauna brasileira de Lauxaniidae compreende, até o momento, 74 espécies das quais 8 possuem registro assinalado para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Lauxaniidae is one of the largest Diptera Schizophora families, worldwide in distribution, very common in tropical areas. The family comprises about 1,550 species. Adults may be small to moderately large (2-11 mm), varied in color patterns, often with marks, spots, bands, or reticulating patterns. Larval lauxaniids are widely documented as saprophages, feeding in a diverse array of decaying plant matter, and even feeding in flower heads. Adults are fungal grazers on leaves. The Brazilian fauna of lauxaniids comprises at the moment 74 species of which 8 have been recorded from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.(AU)

Lauxaniidae é uma das maiores famílias de Diptera Schizophora, com distribuição mundial, muito abundante nas áreas tropicais. A família está composta por cerca de 1.550 espécies. Os adultos apresentam o corpo pequeno a relativamente grande (2-11 mm), com coloração variada, muitas vezes com marcas, manchas, listras ou padrões reticulados. As larvas são conhecidas como saprófagas, alimentando-se em uma variedade de matéria vegetal em decomposição e mesmo em capítulos de flores. Adultos são raspadores de fungos em folhas. A fauna brasileira de Lauxaniidae compreende, até o momento, 74 espécies das quais 8 possuem registro assinalado para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to conduct an inventory of fish assemblages in small streams that are tributaries of large reservoirs in three previously unstudied regions of the Upper Paraná River basin. We sampled 117 streams from 1st to 3rd order in Araguari (Nova Ponte hydropower plant reservoir), Paranaíba (São Simão reservoir) and Grande (Volta Grande reservoir) drainages. In total, 20,696 specimens belonging to 100 species, 53 genera, 20 families and six orders were collected. Of these, 11,530 specimens and 41 species were recorded in Araguari, whereas 17 were exclusive to this drainage. In Grande drainage, 3,537 individuals belonging to 41 species (11 exclusive) and in Paranaíba, 5,629 specimens and 67 species (38 exclusive) were sampled. The mean richness per stream was 6.7 for Grande, 9.0 for Araguari and 10.9 for Paranaíba drainage. The predominant orders were Characiformes, 48% of the total richness, and Siluriformes, 36%. Three species were diagnosed as new: Astyanax sp. 1 (Grande and Paranaíba), Astyanax sp. 2 and Astyanax sp. 3 (both from Araguari), all from scabripinnis group. Another three were considered potentially new: Characidium sp. 1, Characidium sp. 2 and Rhamdiopsis sp. Among all records, eight species are not native from the Paraná basin: the exotics Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia rendalli and the allochtonous Cyphocharax gillii, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Knodus moenkhausii, Poecilia reticulata, Roeboides descalvadensis and Trichomycterus brasiliensis. This study fills part of the existing knowledge gap about fish from small streams of the Paraná basin. Inventories of the fish fauna from these low-order water courses are important because they highlight their biodiversity relevance, including a significant number of unknown species. Thus, this study contributes to a better knowledge of the stream fish fauna of the upper Paraná River basin, as well as contribute to the establishment of strategies for conservation of this important component of aquatic biodiversity.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um inventário das assembleias de peixes em pequenos riachos afluentes de grandes reservatórios do alto rio Paraná, em três regiões até então desconhecidas pela literatura. Foram amostrados 117 riachos de 1a a 3a ordens nas bacias dos rios Araguari (na bacia de drenagem do reservatório de Nova Ponte), Paranaíba (reservatório de São Simão) e Grande (reservatório de Volta Grande). No total foram capturados 20.696 exemplares pertencentes a 100 espécies, seis ordens, 20 famílias e 53 gêneros. Destes, 11.530 exemplares e 41 espécies foram registradas na bacia do Araguari, sendo que 17 dessas espécies são exclusivas. Na bacia do rio Grande, foram registrados 3.537 exemplares pertencentes a 41 espécies (11 exclusivas) e na bacia do Paranaíba, foram registrados 5.629 exemplares e 67 espécies (38 exclusivas). A riqueza média por riacho foi de 6.7 para os riachos da bacia do rio Grande, 9.0 para os riachos da bacia do Araguari e 10.9 para os riachos da bacia do rio Paranaíba. As ordens predominantes foram Characiformes, com 48% da riqueza total e Siluriformes, com 36%. Três espécies pertencentes ao grupo scabripinnis foram diagnosticadas como novas: Astyanax sp. 1 (Grande e Paranaíba), Astyanax sp. 2 (Araguari) e Astyanax sp. 3 (Araguari). Outras três foram consideradas como potencialmente novas: Characidium sp. 1, Characidium sp. 2 e Rhamdiopsis sp. Entre todos os registros, oito espécies não são nativas da bacia do Paraná: as exóticas Oreochromis niloticus e Tilapia rendalli e as alóctones Cyphocharax gillii, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Knodus moenkhausii, Poecilia reticulata, Roeboides descalvadensise Trichomycterus brasiliensis. Este estudo preenche parte da lacuna de conhecimento existente sobre peixes de pequenos riachos da bacia do Paraná. Os inventários sobre a fauna de peixes em riachos de pequena ordem são importantes, pois evidenciam a ocorrência de grande diversidade, incluindo um número significativo de espécies ainda não descritas. Dessa forma, esse estudo contribui para um melhor conhecimento da fauna de peixes de riachos pertencentes è bacia do alto rio Paraná, além de colaborar para o estabelecimento de estratégias para conservação deste importante componente da biodiversidade aquática.

RESUMO

O Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso é uma área de grande importância para a conservação, pois abriga diferentes ecossistemas costeiros, como manguezais, dunas, restingas e mata atlântica de encosta, que, historicamente, estiveram sob forte pressão antrópica. A identificação duvidosa e a descoberta de novas espécies da anurofauna em ambientes costeiros, evidencia a escassez de estudos nessas regiões. Inventariamos a anurofauna da floresta de restinga do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso entre outubro de 2005 e outubro de 2007, por meio de 25 viagens mensais de dois dias de duração. Foram utilizados dois métodos: procura visual ativa em uma parcela permanente de 10 ha e procura visual e auditiva em nove sítios de reprodução. A anurofauna da área de estudo é composta por 17 espécies pertencentes às famílias Bufonidae (2 espécies), Craugastoridae (1), Hylidae (10), Leiuperidae (1), Leptodactylidae (2) e Microhylidae (1). A riqueza estimada foi de 17,77-17,96, o que mostra que nosso esforço amostral foi suficiente para registrar praticamente toda a anurofauna presente nessa formação de restinga. Essa riqueza pode ser considerada elevada quando comparada à de outras áreas de restinga, principalmente aquelas dotadas de vegetação menos estruturada. O predomínio da família Hylidae é característico de todas as localidades da região neotropical. Nenhuma espécie acha-se incluída nas listas de espécies ameaçadas de extinção do estado de São Paulo e do Brasil, mas Aparasphenodon bokermanni é considerada pouco conhecida ("Data Deficient") pela IUCN, e outras três espécies (Dendrophryniscus leucomystax, Haddadus binotatus e Itapotihyla langsdorffii) apresentam populações em declínio. Essas informações revelam a importância da floresta de restinga da Ilha do Cardoso para a manutenção de populações de anuros. Uma análise de agrupamento de 14 espécies que utilizaram nove sítios reprodutivos evidenciou três grupos, sendo o hidroperíodo o principal fator na determinação das similaridades. Conclui-se que a preservação de corpos d'água com diferentes fisionomias é essencial para a conservação de populações viáveis de anuros.

The Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso is of great concern to conservation because it includes several coastal ecosystems, like mangroves, sand dunes, restingas, and Atlantic Rainforest, all of them under human pressure since Brazil discovery. The anuran fauna of Brazilian restingas remains poorly known; the discovery of new species and the dificulties to determine the anurans reflect the rarity of studies in these areas. We provide here a updated list of amphibians from the restinga Forest of the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso. Our inventory was conducted from October 2005 and October 2007, totaling 25 two-days trips. Two methods were applied: visual encounter survey in a 10 ha permanent plot and visual and acoustic survey in nine sites used by anurans for reproduction. The anuran fauna of the study site is composed by 17 species belonging to the families Bufonidae (2 species), Craugastoridae (1), Hylidae (10), Leiuperidae (1), Leptodactylidae (2), and Microhylidae (1). Estimated species richness was 17.77-17.96, which suggests our sampling effort was enough to adequately sample the anuran assemblage present in the area. This richness can be considered high when compared to the richness of other restinga areas, especially those with less structured vegetation. The dominance of the family Hylidae is common to all neotropical localities. None species is included in the lists of endangered species from the state of São Paulo and Brazil, but Aparasphenodon bokermanni is considered Data Deficient by IUCN, and other three species (Dendrophryniscus leucomystax, Haddadus binotatus and Itapotihyla langsdorffii) have decreasing populations. This information reveals the importance of the restinga forest of Ilha do Cardoso to the conservation of anuran populations. A cluster analysis of 14 species that used nine breeding sites resulted in three groups, and the hydroperiod can be considered the major factor influencing the similarities among species. We conclude that preserving water bodies with diferent physiognomies is essential for conserving viable anuran populations.

RESUMO

O conhecimento atual sobre a mirmecofauna tropical baseia-se principalmente em amostragens realizadas no sub-bosque ou no solo. Neste estudo, é descrita uma armadilha de baixo custo e de fácil montagem e instalação para amostrar formigas no estrato vertical de florestas. São ainda apresentadas evidências empíricas da utilidade e eficiência da armadilha, fornecendo um exemplo de resultados obtidos com a sua utilização em manchas de floresta localizadas na planície pantaneira.

Our knowledge of tropical ant fauna is mainly based on samples collected in forest understory or in the soil. In this study, we describe a low-cost trap which is easy to produce and install to sample arboreal ants in forest vertical strata. We also present empirical evidences of the usefulness and effectiveness of such trap providing an example from results obtained in Pantanal forest patches.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo desse artigo foi inventariar as espécies de oligoquetos limnícolas que habitam córregos do Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão (PECJ). As amostras revelaram 2302 indivíduos, distribuídos em três famílias (Naididae, Enchytraeidae, Tubificidae). Foram inventariadas 17 espécies, sendo elas: Achaeta sp., Allonais paraguayensis, Chaetogaster diastrophus, Nais communis, Nais variabilis, Pristina biserrata, Pristina leidyi, Pristina proboscidea, Pristinella jenkinae, Pristinella longidentata, Pristinella minuta, Pristinella notopora, Pristinella osborni, Pristinella sima, Aulodrilus limnobius, Botrioneurum sp. e Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. O número total de espécies encontrado representa 24 por cento de todas as espécies de oligoquetos registrados em diversos ambientes aquáticos no Brasil (70), evidenciando a importância deste trabalho, visto que há ainda grandes lacunas no conhecimento da fauna de oligoquetos límnicos no Brasil.

This study inventoried stream oligochaetes of the Campos do Jordão State Park (CJSP), São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 2302 individuals of three families (Naididae, Enchytraeidae, Turbificidae) were obtained. Seventeen species were inventoried: Achaeta sp., Allonais paraguayensis, Chaetogaster diastrophus, Nais communis, Nais variabilis, Pristina biserrata, Pristina leidyi, Pristina proboscidea, Pristinella jenkinae, Pristinella longidentata, Pristinella minuta, Pristinella notopora, Pristinella osborni, Pristinella sima, Aulodrilus limnobius, Bothrioneurum sp., and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. The total number of species found represents 24 percent of all oligochaetes species (70) recorded in diverse aquatic environments in Brazil, making this inventory very important given the poor knowledge of this group in Brazil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study aimed toperform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturão Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Aforest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23%of Paranás total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species foundmay be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of moresensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided intosmaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservationstrategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.

The present study aimed toperform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturão Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Aforest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23%of Paranás total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species foundmay be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of moresensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided intosmaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservationstrategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.