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The current study examined cancer prevention and early detection awareness (pre-workshop) and changes in knowledge (from pre- to post-workshop) among Hispanic/Latino (H/L) community members who participated in Spanish-language educational outreach events in Puerto Rico (PR) and Florida (FL). Spanish-language educational outreach events were comprised of an educational session lasting approximately 45-60 min and were delivered to groups in rural and urban community settings by a single trained community health educator (CHE). The research team assessed sociodemographic characteristics, personal and familial cancer health history, as well as awareness and knowledge (pre-test) of a range of cancer prevention and screening topics. Following the presentation, participants completed a post-test knowledge survey which also measured likelihood of engaging in cancer screening, cancer preventive behaviors, and cancer research as a result of information presented during the session. Change in the average knowledge score was evaluated using a paired samples t-test. Post-session likelihood of completing cancer screening and preventive behaviors and engaging in cancer research were examined using descriptive statistics and group/site comparisons. The percentage reporting awareness of screening procedures ranged from 33% (PSA test) to 79% (mammogram). H/L in PR reported higher percentage of stool blood test awareness when compared to H/L in FL (χ2(1)= 19.20, p<.001). The average knowledge score increased from 5.97 at pre-test to 7.09 at post-test (Cohen's d=0.69). The increase was significant across all participants (t(315)= 12.4, p<.001), as well as within the FL site (t(124)= 6.66, p<.001, d=0.59) and the PR site (t(190)=10.66, p<.001, d=0.77). Results from this study suggest that educational outreach events delivered to H/L community members by a CHE are valuable strategies to address challenges regarding cancer screening knowledge and engagement in multiple behaviors.
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias , Humanos , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Florida , Hispânico ou Latino , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Porto RicoRESUMO
Resources for Natural Language Processing (NLP) are less numerous for languages different from English. In the clinical domain, where these resources are vital for obtaining new knowledge about human health and diseases, creating new resources for the Spanish language is imperative. One of the most common approaches in NLP is word embeddings, which are dense vector representations of a word, considering the word's context. This vector representation is usually the first step in various NLP tasks, such as text classification or information extraction. Therefore, in order to enrich Spanish language NLP tools, we built a Spanish clinical corpus from waiting list diagnostic suspicions, a biomedical corpus from medical journals, and term sequences sampled from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). These three corpora can be used to compute word embeddings models from scratch using Word2vec and fastText algorithms. Furthermore, to validate the quality of the calculated embeddings, we adapted several evaluation datasets in English, including some tests that have not been used in Spanish to the best of our knowledge. These translations were validated by two bilingual clinicians following an ad hoc validation standard for the translation. Even though contextualized word embeddings nowadays receive enormous attention, their calculation and deployment require specialized hardware and giant training corpora. Our static embeddings can be used in clinical applications with limited computational resources. The validation of the intrinsic test we present here can help groups working on static and contextualized word embeddings. We are releasing the training corpus and the embeddings within this publication.
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The Spanish-language newspaper La Opinión, in microfilm format from the 1960s, shows how the margins of archival repositories are filled with the voices of marginalized communities. Archival data about the Mexican-origin population has proven scarce throughout the twentieth century; not until 1980 was the term "Hispanic" added to the census and the group categorized in governmental repositories. This paper takes the reader on a journey through the depths of the Los Angeles County Library, into the fourth-floor basement where the entirety of La Opinión is stowed away in reels. This paper covers the challenges and rewards of archival research as well as the process of conducting archival research. Equipped with lived experiences in Mexican enclaves in Los Angeles, the researcher recognizes the voice of the community in ads, announcements, political cartoons, and throughout the margins of the newspaper. This article also offers an analysis of the opinions from the community about health care and raises questions of whether health-care services sufficiently met the needs of the community.
El periódico en español La Opinión en formato de microfilm de la década de 1960 muestra cómo los márgenes de los depósitos archivísticos están repletos de las voces de comunidades marginalizadas. Los datos de archivo sobre la población de origen mexicano han resultado ser escasos durante el siglo veinte; no es hasta 1980 que se añadió el término "hispano" al censo y que el grupo fue categorizado en los depósitos gubernamentales. Este trabajo lleva al lector en un viaje por las profundidades de la Biblioteca del Condado de Los Ángeles, en específico el sótano de cuarto piso donde se guarda la totalidad del periódico La Opinión en carretes de microfilm. Este trabajo trata los retos y las recompensas de la investigación archivística así como el proceso de llevarla a cabo. Provisto de experiencias vividas en los enclaves mexicanos de Los Ángeles, la investigadora reconoce la voz de la comunidad en anuncios, declaraciones, caricaturas políticas y en los márgenes del periódico. Este artículo presenta un análisis de las opiniones de la comunidad sobre los servicios médicos y plantea dudas sobre si dichos servicios satisfacían las necesidades de la comunidad.
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Mexican immigrants suffer a disproportionately large number of work-related injuries and deaths given their share of the workforce. Barriers of language, culture, and mistrust are often cited as factors that complicate efforts to reach these workers with occupational safety and health (OSH) interventions. By partnering with the Mexican government and its consulate network in the United States, researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were able to assess the impact of four different information dissemination approaches (posters, passively distributed brochures, actively distributed brochures, and video kiosks) in Spanish in a five-phase study. Exit interviews conducted with Mexicans seeking consular services indicated that while nearly all respondents considered OSH to be of importance, significant differences in impact measures, such as noticing the materials and liking of content, were found when comparing the different approaches. Despite these differences, even the least effective approaches were noticed by large numbers of individuals and significantly increased their stated behavioral intentions regarding OSH. Considering all materials together, significantly more participants reported liking the materials (p < 0.001) than did not, learning something new (p < 0.01), trusting the information (p < 0.05), intending to seek out additional OSH information (p < 0.01), and intending to speak to their bosses about OSH (p < 0.05). These findings contribute to building an evidence base for moving research knowledge into practice, which is an essential, but often overlooked, element of occupational safety and health research, particularly among workers from underserved communities.
Assuntos
Barreiras de Comunicação , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Saúde Ocupacional , Humanos , Idioma , México , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Positive attitudes towards breastfeeding in health professionals/students have been associated with increasing their confidence to provide support and accompaniment to mothers. In Mexico, there is no valid/reliable tool to assess attitudes towards breastfeeding in this population. The Australian Breastfeeding Attitudes (and Knowledge) Questionnaire (ABAQ) measures attitudes in the Australian population. We aimed to adapt and validate the ABAQ in Mexican health students. We included 264 health students (nursing, nutrition, and medicine) from the University of Guadalajara. Bilingual translators carried out the Spanish adaptation with a reverse translation into English. Experts evaluated the content validity. Reliability was evaluated through an internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha) and construct validity through convergent-divergent validation, item-total correlation, exploratory factor analysis (by principal components), and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the exploratory factor analysis, only one component was identified. Seven items were removed (low correlation between items ≤0.2 and low factor load ≤0.3). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the one-factor solution of the ABAQ-13Mx showed a good model fit (X2 = 98.41, G = 62, p = 0.02, CFI = 0.940, and RMSEA = 0.048). The ABAQ-13Mx is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating attitudes towards breastfeeding in Mexican health degree students.
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Aleitamento Materno , Estudantes , Atitude , Austrália , Feminino , Humanos , México , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: This paper argues that Cultural-Historical neuropsychology provides a solid theoretical framework for the assessment of reading difficulties. Objective: The objective of the paper is to discuss how reading process and reading difficulties are perceived through the prism of Cultural-Historical neuropsychology. Design: This paper is of a theoretical and methodological nature, directed to practice and research in the field of neuropsychology. Results: This paper provides an outline of the fundamental concepts and principles of Cultural-Historical theory that are relevant to the assessment of reading difficulties. It provides a blueprint for the assessment of difficulties in reading Spanish via a presentation of data on common mistakes and their relationship to neuropsychological factors. Conclusion: The crucial role of in-school teaching in facilitating students to avoid developing reading difficulties, or to overcome them, is highlighted.
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BACKGROUND: Every language has certain specific idiosyncrasies in its writing system. Cross-linguistic analyses of alexias and agraphias are fundamental to understand commonalities and differences in the brain organization of written language. Few reports of alexias and agraphias in the Spanish language are currently available. AIMS: To analyse the clinical manifestations of alexias and agraphias in Spanish, and the effect of demographic variables. METHODS & PROCEDURES: Spanish versions of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used for language assessment. Lesion localization was obtained by using computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The final sample included 200 patients: 195 (97.5%) right-handed and five (2.5%) left-handed; 119 men and 81 women with a mean age of 57.37 years (SD = 15.56), education of 13.52 years (SD = 4.08), and mean time post-onset of 6.58 months (SD = 12.94). Using the WAB, four quotients were calculated: aphasia quotient (AQ), reading-writing quotient (RWQ), language quotient (LQ) and cortical quotient (CQ). OUTCOMES & RESULTS: The types of aphasia were: global = 11 patients (5.5%), Broca = 31 (15.5%), Wernicke = 30 (15.0%), conduction = 22 (11.0%), transcortical sensory = 17 (8.5%), transcortical motor = 3 (1.5%), amnesic or anomic = 54 (27.0%) and mixed non-fluent = 32 (16.0%). The degree of oral and written language impairment differed across the various aphasia types. Most severe reading and writing difficulties were found in global, mixed non-fluent and transcortical motor aphasia; fewer difficulties were observed in amnesic, Broca and conduction aphasia. The severity of the written language impairments paralleled the severity of the oral language disturbances. Age negatively, while schooling positively, correlated with the scores in reading and writing tests. No effect of sex and time since onset was found. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: In Spanish-speaking aphasia patients, difficulties in reading and writing are similar to oral language difficulties. This similarity of performance is mostly based on severity rather than the participants' patterns of errors. What this paper adds What is already known on the subject There is limited information about alexia and agraphia in Spanish. What this paper adds to existing knowledge An extensive study with a large sample of patients. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The study contributes to the clinical management of patients with reading and writing disturbances.
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Agrafia/etnologia , Dislexia Adquirida/etnologia , Agrafia/patologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Chile/etnologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Dislexia Adquirida/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Testes de Linguagem , Linguística , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leitura , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
This self-administered mail survey study, conducted along the USA-Mexico border, examines Roman Catholic Priests' involvement in aiding Hispanic individuals with substance abuse problems. The Priests were found to be highly involved or willing to be involved in: (1) participating in juramentos (pledge usually to Virgin of Guadalupe, with Priest as witness, to temporarily abstain from substance use), (2) providing referrals, and (3) working with family and/or treatment resources in the community in order to help the person seeking their help. Fluency in Spanish, regardless of Hispanic ethnicity, was found to positively impact involvement in juramentos, providing referrals, and willingness to work with community resources.
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Catolicismo , Clero , Hispânico ou Latino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Humanos , México , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologiaRESUMO
This study reports the process of cultural adaptation of the Caring Behaviors Assessment tool for the Spanish language, and determine its validity and reliability. We used a mixed-methods approach with a sample of adult participants after translation and adjustment, correlations and multiple regressions were used to explain differences in perception. Internal consistency and reliability were determined by using Cronbach's alpha. While slight modifications to syntax, language, and the interval scale were necessary to enable better comprehension, all items had high average scores as did the seven subscales. Additionally, similarities with previous literature suggest cultural suitability of the instrument across countries. This version of the tool was judged to be valid and reliable, and will facilitate care measurability and theoretical sensitivity in Spanish-speaking countries.
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Características Culturais , Empatia , Psicometria/normas , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
Pediatric patients and their families confront a difficult journey with hematopoietic cell transplantation. Understanding complex information, navigation, and coping with emotional, physical, and social changes in the patient, parents and family nucleus life could be quite challenging for all. In Spanish-speaking countries where transplant is emerging as an available treatment option, healthcare professionals encounter the lack or limited quality resources to educate pediatric patients and their families on a complex treatment process. Also, the level of literacy of each family varies widely, making transplant education very difficult to address in a simple and engaging way that could benefit all levels of literacy and foster well-being in the family as a whole, so they are prepared to make better informed decisions and decrease stress in all members. Super Sam versus the Marrow Monsters is a DVD resource made by the National Marrow Donor Program® (NMDP)/Be The Match® intended as an educational tool, to be shared with our U.S. network transplant centers to use when educating their pediatric patients. Hospital Angeles Lomas in the State of Mexico-member of the NMDP international network-has adopted the DVD with their pediatric audience, with very successful results, and demonstrates the benefits of expanding the initial intended use.
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Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Pediatria , Recursos Audiovisuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , México , Pais/educaçãoRESUMO
Semantic feature production norms provide many quantitative measures of different feature and concept variables that are necessary to solve some debates surrounding the nature of the organization, both normal and pathological, of semantic memory. Despite the current existence of norms for different languages, there are still no published norms in Spanish. This article presents a new set of norms collected from 810 participants for 400 living and nonliving concepts among Spanish speakers. These norms consist of empirical collections of features that participants used to describe the concepts. Four files were elaborated: a concept-feature file, a concept-concept matrix, a feature-feature matrix, and a significantly correlated features file. We expect that these norms will be useful for researchers in the fields of experimental psychology, neuropsychology, and psycholinguistics.
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Bases de Dados Factuais , Idioma , Semântica , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El objetivo fue conocer el nivel de atracción hacia la actividad física y el rendimiento académico, así como la asociación entre dicha atracción y las calificaciones en las asignaturas de Matemáticas, Lengua y Educación Física en función del sexo, tras ajustar por edad e índice de masa corporal, en una muestra de 1009 adolescentes españoles (n chicas = 579) entre 12-18 años. Se usó el Children's Attraction to Physical Activity Questionnaire y la calificación de las asignaturas. Los análisis mostraron que el disfrute con la actividad física vigorosa es el principal factor de atracción que se relaciona, en chicas, con mejores calificaciones en Matemáticas y Lengua. En chicos, el disfrute con juegos y deportes, y con la práctica de actividad física vigorosa no influyen en su rendimiento académico, sin embargo aquellos que dan más importancia al ejercicio físico obtienen peores calificaciones en Lengua y Matemáticas. Se sugiere, por tanto, que a la conocida relación entre actividad física y rendimiento académico es necesario añadir que los factores de la atracción hacia la actividad física pueden relacionarse en buena medida con diferentes resultados de rendimiento académico en función del sexo.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between student level of attraction to physical activity and academic performance, and the association between attraction to physical activity and grades in the subjects of Maths, Spanish Language, and Physical Education according to gender, after adjusting for age and body mass index, in a sample of Spanish adolescents. The study included 1009 12-18 year-old students (579 girls).t. The Children's Attraction to Physical Activity questionnaire and numeric marks in the subjects were used. Analyses showed that enjoyment with vigorous physical activity is the main attraction factor related to higher grades in Maths and Spanish Language among girls. Among boys, enjoyment of games and sports, and vigorous physical activity is observed to have no impact on academic performance. However, lower grades were observed in Maths and Spanish Language among boys who give great importance to physical activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the well-known physical activity-academic performance relationship must take into account physical activity-attraction factors, as they may well have some impact on academic performance according to gender.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Educação Física e Treinamento , Matemática , Exercício Físico , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Desempenho Acadêmico , IdiomaRESUMO
Cultural beliefs may influence parents' willingness to raise concerns on a developmental screener. Our study evaluated the performance of the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) in an urban community health center where 75% of families are Spanish speaking. Our primary outcome was the presence of parent-reported concerns either in the medical record or on the PEDS before the PEDS was introduced compared with after it became routine care (post-PEDS). Covariates included family language and child age, gender, and risk status. The adjusted odds of a concern being identified was 1.5 times greater in the post-PEDS period for Developmental concerns and 2.1 times greater for Behavioral concerns. There was no association with family language indicating that the PEDS performs equally well for English- and Spanish-speaking families. The systematic inclusion of developmental screening as part of culturally competent primary care may aid in reducing current disparities in the identification of developmental concerns.
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Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Hispânico ou Latino/etnologia , Idioma , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pré-Escolar , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/etnologia , República Dominicana/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População UrbanaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Get It & Forget It, an educational video about intrauterine devices (IUDs), was developed and evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: A feasibility study and a pre/post evaluation nested within a randomized trial were conducted to test change in knowledge about IUDs and intention to get an IUD after viewing a theory-driven dramatic video. Participants (n=315) completed surveys before and after watching the video. RESULTS: Knowledge about IUD effectiveness increased significantly (33% to 64%, p<.001), as did intention to use an IUD (18% to 36%, p<.001) postvideo. CONCLUSION: An online theory-driven video intervention can reach young women seeking information about long-acting contraception.
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Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar/educação , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos , Modelos Educacionais , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Saúde Reprodutiva/educação , Webcasts como Assunto , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Porto Rico , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Self-efficacy theory, as developed by Bandura, suggests that self-efficacy is an important predictor of future behavior. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program was designed to enhance self-efficacy as one approach to improving health behaviors and outcomes for people with varying chronic diseases. The six-item Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease Scale (SEMCD) and the four-item Spanish-language version (SEMCD-S) were developed to measure changes in self-efficacy in program participants and have been used in a numerous evaluations of chronic disease self-management programs. This study describes the development of the scales and their psychometric properties. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Secondary analyses of questionnaire data from 2,866 participants in six studies are used to quantify and evaluate the SEMCD. Data from 868 participants in two studies are used for the SEMCD-S. Subjects consisted of individuals with various chronic conditions, who enrolled in chronic disease self-management programs (either small group or Internet based). Subjects came from United States, England, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Descriptive statistics are summarized, reliability tested (Cronbach alpha), and principal component analyses applied to items. Baseline and change scores are correlated with baseline and change scores for five medical outcome variables that have been shown to be associated with self-efficacy measures in past studies. RESULTS: Principal component analyses confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the scales. The SEMCD had means ranging from 4.9 to 6.1 and the SEMCD-S 6.1 and 6.2. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach alpha, 0.88-0.95). The scales were sensitive to change and significantly correlated with health outcomes. CONCLUSION: The SEMCD and SEMCD-S are reliable and appear to be valid instruments for assessing self-efficacy for managing chronic disease. There was remarkable consistency across a range of studies from varying countries using two languages.
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Doença Crônica/psicologia , Doença Crônica/terapia , Idioma , Psicometria , Autocuidado/métodos , Autoeficácia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Canadá , Gerenciamento Clínico , Inglaterra , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Componente Principal , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autocuidado/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Substantial research shows that increased Hispanic neighborhood concentration is associated with several beneficial health outcomes including lower adult mortality, better self-rated health, and fewer respiratory problems. Literature on the relationship of Hispanic composition and depressive symptoms is more equivocal. In addition, few studies have directly investigated hypothesized mechanisms of this relationship. This study uses data from a probability sample of 1238 Mexican-descent adults living in 48 neighborhoods in Texas City, Texas. Multilevel regression models investigate whether Hispanic neighborhood composition is associated with fewer depressive symptoms. This study also investigates whether social support, perceived discrimination, and perceived stress mediate or moderate the relationship, and whether results differ by primary language used at home. We find that individuals living in high Hispanic composition neighborhoods experience fewer depressive symptoms than individuals in low Hispanic composition neighborhoods. In addition, we find that these beneficial effects only apply to respondents who speak English. Social support, perceived discrimination, and perceived stress mediate the Hispanic composition-depressive symptoms relationship. In addition, discrimination and stress moderate the relationship between Hispanic composition and depressive symptoms. Our findings support theories linking higher neighborhood Hispanic composition and better mental health, and suggest that Spanish language use, social support, discrimination and stress may play important roles in the Hispanic composition-depressive symptoms relationship.
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Depressão/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multinível , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Racismo/etnologia , Racismo/psicologia , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , TexasRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un modelo que relaciona interés, compromiso y rendimiento. El estudio evaluó tres modalidades de interés situacional (activado, mantenido-afecto y mantenido-valor), el compromiso conductual, el desapego conductual y el rendimiento en clase de Lengua Española. Estas variables se evaluaron en el aula a lo largo de un período de nueve meses en una muestra de 565 alumnos españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años (Media = 13.78 años; DE = 1.14). Una serie de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales reveló que las tres modalidades del interés situacional predijeron significativamente el compromiso, el desapego y el rendimiento; compromiso y desapego predijeron el rendimiento; como se había hipotetizado, compromiso y desapego mediaron los efectos del interés situacional sobre el rendimiento académico. Para concluir, se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones para la teoría del interés y para los programas de intervención educativa.
The purpose of this study was to test a model linking interest, engagement, and performance. The study assessed three types of situational interest (triggered, maintained-feeling, and maintained-value), behavioral engagement, behavioral disaffection, and performance in Spanish language classes. These variables were assessed in the classroom over a nine-month period on a sample of 565 Spanish secondary students aged 12 to 17 years (Mean age = 13.78 years; SD = 1.14). A series of structural equation models revealed that the three types of situational interest significantly predicted engagement, disaffection, and performance; engagement and disaffection also predicted performance; as hypothesized, engagement and disaffection mediated the effects of situational interest on academic performance. To conclude, the implications of these findings are discussed in the light of current theory of interest and educational intervention programmes.
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Psicologia Educacional , Aprendizagem , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Os alunos utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem. Este estudo identificou as principais estratégias para aprender uma segunda língua. O Strategy Inventory for Language Learning de Oxford foi respondido por 32 estudantes brasileiros de espanhol. Consiste em uma escala do tipo Likert para identificar as estratégias para a aquisição de uma língua estrangeira por estudantes de idiomas em ambientes formais. As estratégias metacognitivas foram as mais utilizadas (média 3,733). Não houve associação entre idade e estratégias. As mulheres obtiveram média maior nas cognitivas e metacognitivas; estudantes de pós-graduação, nas estratégias afetivas. Foi observado que estudantes de nível avançado em língua espanhola utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem, de acordo com algumas características sociodemográficas.(AU)
Students use different learning strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify the main learning strategies used by Brazilian students of Spanish. Thirty-two Brazilian students answered the Oxford Strategy Inventory for Language Learning. The questionnaire consists of a five-point Likert scale designed to identify strategies used in the acquisition of foreign language by students in formal settings. Metacognitive strategies were the most employed (mean: 3.733). There was no association between age and strategies. Females had higher mean values regarding cognitive and metacognitive strategies, postgraduate students prefered affective strategies. It was concluded that students at advanced levels of Spanish-language learning employed different learning strategies based on socio-demographic characteristics.(AU)
Estudiantes pueden utilizar diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje. En este estudio se identificaron las principales estrategias para aprender una segunda lengua. El "Strategy Inventory for Language Learning" de Oxford fue respondido por 32 estudiantes brasileños de español. Consiste en una escala de tipo Likert para identificar estrategias para la adquisición de una lengua extranjera para los estudiantes de idiomas en entornos formales. Las estrategias metacognitivas fueron las más utilizadas (promedio 3,733). No se encontró asociación entre la edad y las estrategias. Las mujeres tienen media más altas en cognitivas y metacognitivas; estudiantes de postgrado, en las estrategias afectivas. Se observó que los estudiantes de nivel avanzado en español utilizan diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje, según algunas características sociodemográficas.(AU)
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Humanos , Aprendizagem , MultilinguismoRESUMO
Os alunos utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem. Este estudo identificou as principais estratégias para aprender uma segunda língua. O Strategy Inventory for Language Learning de Oxford foi respondido por 32 estudantes brasileiros de espanhol. Consiste em uma escala do tipo Likert para identificar as estratégias para a aquisição de uma língua estrangeira por estudantes de idiomas em ambientes formais. As estratégias metacognitivas foram as mais utilizadas (média 3,733). Não houve associação entre idade e estratégias. As mulheres obtiveram média maior nas cognitivas e metacognitivas; estudantes de pós-graduação, nas estratégias afetivas. Foi observado que estudantes de nível avançado em língua espanhola utilizam diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem, de acordo com algumas características sociodemográficas.
Students use different learning strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify the main learning strategies used by Brazilian students of Spanish. Thirty-two Brazilian students answered the Oxford Strategy Inventory for Language Learning. The questionnaire consists of a five-point Likert scale designed to identify strategies used in the acquisition of foreign language by students in formal settings. Metacognitive strategies were the most employed (mean: 3.733). There was no association between age and strategies. Females had higher mean values regarding cognitive and metacognitive strategies, postgraduate students prefered affective strategies. It was concluded that students at advanced levels of Spanish-language learning employed different learning strategies based on socio-demographic characteristics.
Estudiantes pueden utilizar diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje. En este estudio se identificaron las principales estrategias para aprender una segunda lengua. El "Strategy Inventory for Language Learning" de Oxford fue respondido por 32 estudiantes brasileños de español. Consiste en una escala de tipo Likert para identificar estrategias para la adquisición de una lengua extranjera para los estudiantes de idiomas en entornos formales. Las estrategias metacognitivas fueron las más utilizadas (promedio 3,733). No se encontró asociación entre la edad y las estrategias. Las mujeres tienen media más altas en cognitivas y metacognitivas; estudiantes de postgrado, en las estrategias afectivas. Se observó que los estudiantes de nivel avanzado en español utilizan diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje, según algunas características sociodemográficas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aprendizagem , MultilinguismoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, desde septiembre 2011 a mayo del 2012, para diagnosticar los conocimientos sobre orientación profesional y proponer textos para lograrla en los diferidos del grupo de las ciencias médicas. El universo son los 31 estudiantes de la Unidad Militar 3698. Se utilizaron métodos de los niveles teórico: analítico-sintético e inducción-deducción y empíricos: el análisis documental, para revisar los programas y orientaciones metodológicas de las asignaturas del Curso de superación cultural; y encuesta a estudiantes, además se indagó el criterio de especialistas para valorar la calidad y pertinencia de la propuesta. Los resultados están relacionados con el bajo nivel de conocimientos de los alumnos sobre su futura labor, la cual no se intenciona desde las asignaturas. Se proponen 8 textos para ese empeño desde el Programa especial de la asignatura práctica de la lengua española, explicados metodológicamente. Fueron valorados como excelentes con algunas sugerencias ya asumidas en la propuesta.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, from September 2011 to May 2012, to diagnose the knowledge about professional orientation and to propose some texts to achieve this purpose in the group of students of the medical sciences who are in the army. The universe comprises 31 students who are at the Army base 3698. Different methods were used, from the theoretical level: analytic-synthetic and induction _deduction and from the empirical level: analysis of documents to check the syllabus and methodological guidelines for cultural upgrading; a survey was applied to the students and the specialist´s criterion method was used to value the quality and pertinence of the proposal. The outcomes are related to the low level of knowledge of the students about their future work, which is not worked out through the subjects. Eight texts are proposed to achieve this goal through the special syllabus of the Spanish language, which are methodologically explained. They were valued as excellent with some suggestions that were taken into account in this proposal.